Oncological significance of WHO histological thymoma classification

OBJECTIVES: The clinical significance of thymoma histology remains controversial because of the numerous histological classifications of thymic epithelial tumors. Universal classification of such tumors was achieved by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1999. We studied the prognostic significance of this classification. METHODS: We studied clinical features and postoperative survival in cases of thymoma, but not thymic carcinoma, based on WHO histological classification in 286 patients undergoing surgery between 1958 and 2001. RESULTS: Tumors were 19 type A, 79 type AB, 59 type B1, 102 type B2, and 27 type B3. The proportion of invasive tumors increased by type--from A to AB, B1, B2, and B3. The great vessels were involved more frequently in type B2 and B3 tumors than in type A, AB, and B1 tumors. The 20-year survival was 100% in type A, 87% in type AB, 91% in type B1, 65% in type B2, and 38% in type B3 tumors. Multivariate analysis showed Masaoka staging and WHO histological classification to be significant independent prognostic factors, while age, gender, myasthenia gravis association, resection completeness and great vessel involvement were not. In stage III patients, 13 of 45 patients with type B2 and B3 tumor died of their tumors, while no tumor deaths occurred in 11 patients with type A, AB, and B1 tumors. CONCLUSION: WHO histological classification realistically reflects the oncological behavior of thymoma.     

Malignant thymoma with direct invasion into the peritoneal cavity: Report of a case

(Received for publication on Oct. 9, 1996; accepted on May 12, 1997)     

肾上腺恶性肿瘤的诊治（附34例报告）

目的：探讨肾上腺恶性肿瘤的诊断和治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析34例肾上腺恶性肿瘤的临床资料。其中肾上腺皮质癌13例;恶性嗜铬细胞瘤8例;肾上腺转移癌8例;皮质癌并发同侧肾盂癌1例;节神经母细胞瘤1例;恶性纤维组织瘤1例;脂肪肉瘤1例;肾上腺髓外浆细胞瘤1例。全部34例患者中,有临床症状者23例,有内分泌功能改变者22例。结果：所有患者均接受手术治疗,其中29例肿瘤全切,4例肿瘤小部分或包膜残留,1例仅探查取活检。32例获得随访,时间为2个月-5年。死亡11例,死亡患者生存期为5-29个月,平均21个月。结论：对于肾上腺恶性肿瘤患者。手术切除是首选治疗方法,并且术后的随访很重要。肾上腺皮质癌患者总体预后较差,化疗和放疗可作为术后辅助治疗。恶性嗜铬细胞瘤患者预后较好,MIBG和酚苄明可改善患者生存。对于转移性肾上腺肿瘤患者,手术切除孤立的转移灶可明显提高患者的5年生存率。     

原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤的诊断和外科治疗

目的:探讨原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤的诊断及治疗方法。方法:回顾分析79例原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤患者的资料,通过内镜及影像学检查获得诊断,行根治切除手术60例,旁路手术19例。结果:各种检查方法的准确率:十二指肠镜93.0%,上消化道造影88.0%,CT59.5%。根治手术组和姑息手术组的中位生存期分别为2.32年、0.57年,根治术后辅助化疗组中位生存期为3.35年。统计学分析显示单纯根治组与根治化疗组生存期存在显著差异。结论:十二指肠肿瘤缺乏临床特异性,联合内镜及影像学检查可以提高术前诊断率。治疗以胰十二指肠切除和局部根治性十二指肠段切除术为主,姑息的捷径手术可改善生活质量,辅助化疗可能延长术后生存期。     

Thymic carcinoma with tumor thrombus into the superior vena cava

Tumor thrombus into the vena cava have been reported in cases with renal cell carcinoma, thyroid tumor and in those with thymoma. These tumors are frequently invasive and continuous from the main tumor that shows direct vessel wall invasion. Here, we report a case of thymic carcinoma with superior vena cava syndrome, which was caused by a tumor thrombus in the superior vena cava without vessel wall invasion. The main mediastinal tumor did not show innominate vein invasion, and the superior vena cava syndrome was a result of separate tumor thrombus that was free of vessel wall invasion. The tumor thrombus could be removed through a simple venotomy. To prevent stenosis in the superior vena cava and the left innominate vein, we used a pericardial patch to close the venotomy site.     

经皮下肾膀胱分流术治疗盆腹腔晚期肿瘤引起的输尿管梗阻

目的探讨经皮下肾膀胱分流术治疗盆腹腔晚期肿瘤引起的输尿管梗阻的临床价值。方法2009年12月～2012年5月,15例晚期腹腔盆腔肿瘤致输尿管中下段梗阻患者,双侧1例,左侧8例,右侧6例,经输尿管镜置入双J管失败。超声检查显示患侧肾盂积水宽度3．3～8．9cm,（4．2±2．6）cm。磁共振水成像显示患侧输尿管完全梗阻。使用美国巴德公司肾膀胱分流套件,行经皮下肾膀胱分流术15例（16侧）。术后复查超声、KUB平片、血肌酐及患侧肾小球滤过率。结果手术均成功,术后1周复查超声,患侧肾积水宽度1．7—4．6cm,（2．6±1．8）cm（与术前相比,t=5．356,P=0．025）。血肌酐由（256±46）μmol／L下降至（124±23）μmol／L（t=12．351,P=0．006）。患侧肾小球滤过率由（25．4±4．8）ml／min上升至（45．6±5．3）ml／min（t=3．784,P=0．016）。结论经皮下肾膀胱分流术简单易行,创伤小,能改善因输尿管梗阻而受损的肾功能,提高生活质量。     

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the stomach: Report of two cases

(Received for publication on July 8, 1996; accepted on May 12, 1997)     

Malignant thymoma associated with liposarcoma of the mediastinum —A case report—

Malignant thymoma occurring concurrently with mediastinal liposarcoma in a 49-year-old man is described. The patient underwent an incomplete resection of the mediastinal mass followed by irradiation therapy and additional chemotherapy. He died about 9 months after the detection of a mediastinal mass on chest X-ray films and the immediate cause of death was superior vena cava syndrome. The incidence of primary liposarcoma of the mediastinum alone is extremely rare. Only a few more than 20 with such a lesion have been docummented in Japan. A review of the literature of patients with mediastinal liposacoma and thymoma associated with malignancies revealed no case of an association of thymoma and liposacoma.     

Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumors in Our Institutions According to the WHO 2010 Classification

In 2010, World Health Organization classified gastric neuroendocrine tumor (NET) as follows: NET grade (G) 1, NET G2, neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC). We reviewed 22 gastric NETs that were encountered in our institutions. Nine, 6, and 4 were NET G1, G2, and NEC, respectively. We also encountered 3 NET G3. NET G1 was treated with observation in 2 patients, endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) in 3, and gastrectomy in 4 patients. No recurrence was experienced during a median of 53 months of follow-up. All NET G2 was treated with gastrectomy. No patient experienced recurrence during a median of 25 months of follow-up. NET G3 was treated with gastrectomy. One patient died of liver metastasis 52 months after gastrectomy. For NEC, gastrectomy was performed in 3 cases and no patients died of tumor-related death. We conclude that the prognoses of NET G1 and G2 were good. We also experienced long-term survivors of NEC. An accumulation of more patients is needed for further investigation.     

Malignant phyllodes tumor of the prostate

We report a case of malignant phyllodes tumor of the prostate which is the eleventh reported case in the world. Phyllodes tumor of the prostate is extremely rare and histologically resembles mammary phyllodes tumor. Phyllodes tumor of the prostate is classified into benign, borderline and malignant, but health professionals should carefully follow up the borderline cases in case they take a malignant clinical course. This case was the first to be treated by pre- and postoperative radiation therapy. Although the patient had a slight response to radiation therapy, he eventually developed metastasis. Because malignant phyllodes tumor of the prostate is a very aggressive tumor, people with the condition should undergo systemic chemotherapy as adjuvant therapy.     

Malignant phyllodes tumor of the prostate

We report the case of a 47-year-old male patient who suffered from a malignant phyllodes tumor of the prostate with invasion to the rectum and urinary bladder. The local recurrence at the left scrotum was identified 6 years after radical cystoprostatectomy. Another 2 years after radical orchiectomy showed no evidence of secondary local recurrence or distant metastasis. Histopathologically, both primary and recurrent tumors showed an admixture of stromal and glandular components. However, while extensive squamous metaplasia was identified in the primary tumor, the recurrent tumor had only focal and mild squamous metaplasia. No dependable prognostic factor has been found to date. Here, we describe the morphological features and immunohistochemical presentations of malignant phyllodes tumor of the prostate and review the literature.     

下肢恶性肿瘤保肢术后深静脉血栓形成18例报告

目的探讨下肢恶性肿瘤行保肢治疗手术后深静脉栓塞形成的风险因素、预防以及治疗措施。方法回顾性分析我院自2006年1月至2009年12月各类下肢恶性肿瘤行保肢治疗手术的病例资料,研究该类手术后深静脉栓塞发生的风险因素、预防及治疗。结果本组下肢恶性肿瘤病例行保肢治疗手术后深静脉栓塞的发生率为20.2%,经治疗DVT患者中未出现严重并发症。结论下肢恶性肿瘤行保肢治疗手术后有较多发生深静脉栓塞的危险因素,应积极预防与治疗以减少深静脉栓塞的发生,减轻其产生的后果。     

中医时间节律与恶性肿瘤的治疗规律

临床和动物实验证实，恶性肿瘤存在明显地昼夜节律性，用中医择时疗法治疗恶性肿瘤是一种科学的治疗方法，不仅可以用于中医肿瘤临床，而且对肿瘤的化学治疗也有重要的参考价值，对于改善症状，延长生命，提高疗效有光明的应用前景。     

Malignant hemangiopericytoma of the liver: Report of a case

A 30 year old female was admitted with right upper abdominal pain and fever. Ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed a large cystic mass in the right lobe of the liver, and aspiration bacteriology was negative. A right hepatic lobectomy was performed for a suspected cystadenocarcinoma, however, the tumor was histologically diagnosed as a hemangiopericytoma with prominent venous invasion. The patient died within a short time of multiple pulmonary metastases. Primary hepatic hemangiopericytoma is extremely rare, and according to our research, this is only the 4th case reported in the literature.     

中西医结合治疗消化道肿瘤135例疗效观察

目的：对消化道肿瘤采用手术、术中化疗、术后介入化疗、中药辅助治疗,观察近、远期治疗效果。方法：对１３５例消化道肿瘤采用手术切除原发病灶,术后动脉区域化疗、服用中药,并与单纯手术治疗组１２５例进行疗效对照研究。结果：综合治疗组完全缓解（ＣＲ）４９例,部分缓解（ＰＲ）６２例,显效率８２．２％,５年存活率为７４．１％,明显优于单纯手术治疗组（ＣＲ＋ＰＲ为３２．８％,Ｐ〈０．０５）。结论：采用手术切除原发