超临界流体萃取法去除当归中有机氯农药

目的去除当归中残留有机氯农药。方法采用超临界CO2 流体萃取法去除当归中残留的有机氯农药 ,用毛细管气相色谱法测定除毒前后当归中农药残留量 ,评价除毒率。用高效液相色谱法测定除毒前后当归中阿魏酸及相关组分的变化 ,评价除毒后当归药材的药用价值。结果正交设计L9( 34)选出最佳萃取条件为 :压力 15MPa、温度 6 0℃、萃取时间 2 0min、流速 1 5mL/min ,残留农药除毒率达 95 1% (RSD =2 6 % ) ,当归中阿魏酸相对含量 10 3 5 % (RSD =3 2 % ) ,相关组分含量没有显著性变化。结论采用超临界CO2 流体萃取法去除当归中残留的有机氯农药 ,方法可行     

超临界流体萃取法净化熟地中有机氯农药的研究

目的去除熟地中残留的有机氯农药.方法采用超临界CO2流体萃取法去除熟地中残留的有机氯农药,用毛细管气相色谱法测定除毒前后熟地中农药残留量,评价除毒率.用高效液相色谱法测定除毒前后熟地中梓醇及相关组分的变化,评价除毒后熟地药材的药用价值.结果正交设计L9(34)选出最佳萃取条件为压力15 MPa,温度60℃,萃取时间30 min,流速35 kg·h-1.残留农药去除率达84.6%(RSD为3.7%)熟地中梓醇的相对含量101.1%(RSD为2.7%),相关组分含量没有显著性变化.结论采用超临界CO2流体萃取法去除熟地中残留的有机氯农药,方法可行.     

气相色谱-质谱法分析4种方法提取没药所得提取物的化学成分

目的:为进一步研究没药提供参考。方法:采用气相色谱-质谱法分别对超临界CO2萃取法、索氏提取法、超声提取法和水蒸气蒸馏法提取没药所得提取物的化学成分进行比较分析。结果:各提取方法所得提取物成分差异很大,以超临界CO2萃取物中化学成分和种类较多,除挥发油外还有大量树脂等有效成分;超临界CO2萃取法可避免提取过程中的高温和有机溶剂残留。结论:超临界CO2萃取法可初步判定为适用于没药的提取方法。     

中药材重金属脱除方法研究进展

中药材重金属的污染问题已成为影响中药广泛应用的主要问题。由于中草药水煎液中基质复杂,在脱除重金属的同时,还要保证对其有效成分不产生影响,脱除难度大大增加。目前去除中药材中重金属的方法有吸附法（大孔树脂、γ-巯丙基键合硅胶、壳聚糖等）和超临界CO₂络合萃取法。着眼于中药材中重金属的脱除方法,对文献报道的脱除方法进行归纳总结,为今后中药重金属脱除方法及材料的开发提供借鉴。     

超临界CO_2萃取与水蒸气蒸馏法提取太子参挥发油化学成分气质联用研究

目的:分析比较采用超临界CO2流体萃取法与水蒸气蒸馏法提取的太子参提取物中挥发性化学成分的异同。方法:使用水蒸馏提取法和超临界CO2萃取技术从太子参中提取挥发性成分,用归一化法测定其百分含量。用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)计算机联用技术分离鉴定其中的化学组成。结果:太子参超临界CO2流体萃取物中初步鉴定了33种成分,主要成分为:亚油酸乙酯(28.70%)、n-十六酸(23.12%)、3-糠醇(5.51%)等;水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油初步鉴定了17种成分,主要成分为2-丙基呋喃(22.45%)、3-糠醇(19.78%)、3-乙基-3-甲基戊烷(19.47%)。结论:2种方法提取的挥发油化学成分差异较大,超临界CO2流体萃取法提取的挥发油能更真实、全面地反映太子参药材中的化学成分。     

天然辣椒碱提取方法研究进展

目的寻找一条易操作、高产率地获得辣椒碱的提取工艺。方法综述了从天然产物中提取辣椒碱的方法 ,综合传统有机溶剂提取法、微波及超声波等增强效果的有机溶剂提取法、超临界CO2流体萃取法、酶提取法等各工艺的优劣势。结果超临界CO2流体萃取法提取率高、提取时间短、纯度高、可实现与辣椒红色素综合开发。结论超临界CO2流体萃取法是最有工业应用前景的提取方法 。     

三种方法提取防风挥发油的气质联用成分分析

目的对3种不同方法提取的防风挥发油化学成分进行分析。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法（SD）、溶剂提取法（SX）、超临界CO2流体萃取法（SFE-CO2）提取防风挥发油,用气相-质谱（GC-MS）法对化学成分进行鉴定。结果水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油共鉴定了13种化学成分;溶剂提取法提取的挥发油共鉴定了18种化学成分;超临界CO2流体萃取法提取的挥发油共鉴定了21种化学成分。结论超临界CO2流体萃取法提取的挥发油更全面地反映药材中的化学成分。     

超临界CO_2流体萃取法与水蒸汽蒸馏法提取蒌蒿挥发性化学成分的研究

目的比较分析水蒸汽蒸馏法和超临界CO2萃取法所提蒌蒿挥发油的化学成分及其含量。方法采用水蒸汽蒸馏法和超临界CO2萃取法提取,运用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用技术对蒌蒿挥发性成分进行分析,用气相色谱面积归一化法测定各成分的相对百分含量。结果与结论水蒸汽蒸馏法提取蒌蒿挥发油,经毛细管色谱分离出82个峰,并鉴定出71个化合物,其主要化学成分为桉油精、顺式-β-金合欢烯、β-侧柏酮等;超临界CO2萃取法提取蒌蒿挥发油,经毛细管色谱分离出49个峰,并鉴定出40个化合物,其主要化学成分为4-甲基苯甲醇、桉油精、β-侧柏酮等。     

超临界二氧化碳萃取法与水蒸气蒸馏法提取缬草油的化学成分比较

摘要目的对不同提取方法提取的缬草油化学成分进行比较研究。方法采用超临界二氧化碳（CO2）萃取法和水蒸气蒸馏法从缬草中提取缬草油,用气相色谱 质谱联用（GC MS）法进行化学成分定性与相对含量的比较。结果共鉴定了118种成分,超临界CO2萃取法提取物共鉴定98种,水蒸气蒸馏法提取鉴定了67种,共有成分47种;超临界CO2萃取所得缬草油的收率约为水蒸气蒸馏收率的1.8倍。结论超临界CO2萃取法是缬草油较好的提取方法。     

药用植物中农药残留检测技术的研究进展

目的:为加强对药用植物中农药残留检测的相关研究及实践提供参考。方法:检索中国知网、Springer Link、Pub Med等数据库中2005年以后发表的药用植物中农药残留检测方面的研究文献,进行归纳和综述。结果:药用植物中农药残留的种类包括有机氯类、有机磷类、拟除虫菊酯类、氨基甲酸酯类等;农药污染途径主要包括生长环境污染、加工及贮藏施用农药污染、种植施用农药污染;进行检测前处理时,可选用乙酸乙酯、丙酮、乙腈和丙酮-石油醚等不同提取溶剂,提取方法主要有漂洗、匀浆、振荡、超声提取、索氏提取、微波辅助萃取法、快速溶剂萃取法、超临界流体萃取法等,净化方法主要有固相萃取法、固相微萃取法、凝胶渗透色谱法、基质固相分散萃取法、逆流色谱法、二维气相色谱法、磺化法等,富集浓缩方法主要有自然挥发法、真空旋转蒸发法、吹气法和免疫亲和色谱法等;检测技术包括色谱分析技术、免疫分析技术、生物传感器分析技术和酶抑制技术等。结论:目前色谱法仍是药用植物中农药残留检测的主流方法,但其在药用植物大规模检测或现场检测中的应用受到限制,开发出高效、快捷、可靠、灵敏、低成本的批量检测方法是该领域的一个新的发展方向。     

Efficient removal of the organochlorine pesticide and heavy-metal residues in<Emphasis Type="Italic">Epimedium brevicornum Maxim</Emphasis> by supercritical fluid extraction

A method involving depuration of 12 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and 7 heavy metals from Epimedium brevicomum Maxim was developed using supercritical fluid extraction (SPE). The pesticides in the study consisted of alpha, beta-, gamma-, and delta-Benzene hexachloride, Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB), Pentachloroaniline (PCA), Heptachlor (HEPT), Methyl -pentachlorophenyl sulfide (MPCPS), pp'-DDE[1,1-dichloro-2, 2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethylene], op'-DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane], pp'-DDD [1,1-dichloro-2-2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)]ethane, pp'-DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane]. A series of experiments was conducted to optimize the final extraction conditions as following: pure CO2, extraction pressure of 15 Mpa, extration temperature of 60 degrees C, extraction time of 10 min, flow rate at 55 kg/h. A GC method with electron capture detection was employed to determination of the OCPs, and an atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was designed for the determination of 7 heavy metals including of Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, Zn, As, Hg in Epimedium brevicomum Maxim. A HPLC method was developed for the quantitative determination of active constituents. The SFE was used to remove the organochlorine pesticide and heavy metals from Epimedium brevicornum Maxim, receiving high decontamination rate of pesticide residue and low loss of active constituents.     

超临界CO2流体萃取远志脂溶性成分的GC-MS分析

目的 对远志超临界CO2流体萃取物进行化学成分及含量进行鉴定分析.方法 采用超临界CO2流体萃取(SFE-CO2)技术,提取远志药材中的脂溶性成分;运用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对萃取成分进行分离鉴定,并采用峰面积归一化法计算各成分相对百分含量.结果 对远志SFE-CO2萃取物GC-MS分析结果共检测出17个...     

超临界CO2流体萃取丹参素的工艺研究

目的研究萃取丹参素的最佳工艺条件。方法通过正交设计,用超临界CO2流体萃取,优化出合理工艺条件,并与传统溶剂提取工艺相对照。结果超临界CO2流体萃取率为传统工艺萃取率的1．1倍。结论超临界CO2流体萃取丹参素具有开发价值。     

超临界CO2流体技术在聚合物颗粒制备中的应用

超临界CO2流体是指当温度和压力处于临界值以上时CO2所表现出的一种状态。处于超临界状态下的CO2与传统有机溶剂相比，在物理和化学性质方面都表现出了很大的不同，这种差异被开发用于各行各业。本文着重介绍了超临界CO2流体在制备聚合物颗粒方面的应用，特别介绍了超临界CO2流体技术应用于药物制剂方面的研究和开发。     

Efficiency of supercritical fluid extraction for the production of non-volatile terpenoids from Taraxaci radix

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is an extraction technique which exploits the solvent properties of fluids above their critical point. As a result supercritical fluid extraction was used to gain various active substances from plants. The use of SFE to obtain bioactive substances from medicinal plants over the past twenty years has been proved to be a viable alternative for the extraction of natural compounds. Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Wiggers et Webers, Asteraceae) is one of the best known European medicinal plants, not only as a traditional medicine but perspective raw material for modern phytopharmaceuticals. From the characteristic principles our attention has been directed to triterpenes and phytosterols with anti-inflammatory activity, which were extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide. Designed experiments were carried out to determine the optimal extraction parameters. The products obtained by supercritical fluids extraction were compared to extracts prepared by traditional extraction method (Soxhlet) with n-hexane and ethyl alcohol solvents. The content of triterpenes and sterols was monitored after saponification by thin layer chromatography-densitometry. The products gained by supercritical fluid extraction were different from the traditional ones both in their appearance and composition. Triterpenes and their esters were extracted quantitatively by supercritical fluid extraction using CO2 as solvent and the extraction dynamic for triterpenes and phytosterols was different. Triterpenes had a higher concentration in the SFE product then in the extracts prepared by traditional methods.     

超临界CO_2萃取紫苏叶挥发油及其成分分析

目的:采用超临界流体萃取技术提取紫苏叶挥发油,并用GC-MS对挥发油进行化学成分分析。方法:通过单因素实验和正交实验法确定超临界CO2流体萃取紫苏叶挥发油的最佳条件,考察萃取压力、温度、动态萃取时间及CO2流量对挥发油得率的影响;利用GC-MS分析最佳萃取条件下所得挥发油的化学成分,面积归一化法测定其百分含量。结果:紫苏叶超临界CO2萃取最佳条件为:萃取压力20 MPa,温度35℃,萃取时间150 min,CO2流量10 kg.h-1;挥发油的得率3.2%,从中鉴定出了16个化合物,其含量占出峰物质总量的97.68%。结论:紫苏叶挥发油中富含醚、萜类化合物、酯、酮和醇等组分。     

从枸杞子中萃取黄色素的探讨

目的：从枸杞子中萃取黄色素。方法：采用超临界CO2流体萃取方法．结果：萃取温度、压力和时间对萃取率有影响。结论：确定了最佳萃取工艺条件,为批量生产提供依据。     

中药中外源性有害残留物监控的现状与建议

目的分析中药中以重金属及有害元素、黄曲霉毒素、农药残留为代表的外源性污染现状,提出安全性控制建议。方法分析了近年来中药材中外源性有害残留物危害种类、相关药害事件及样品普查情况。结果提出现阶段影响中药安全性的最主要外源性污染物为重金属和真菌毒素残留,农药残留则应区别对待,有机氯及部分有机磷类农残应重点监控。结论《中国药典》等国家药品标准应进一步提高完善检测技术,并在更广泛的基础上制订科学、可行的限量标准。     

Coupling SFE to uterotonic bioassay: an on-line approach to analysing medicinal plants

Supercritical fluid extraction has been directly coupled on-line to a uterotonic bioassay, using guinea pig uterine smooth muscle in vitro. This technique was developed for the detection of uterotonic compounds present in medicinal plants used during pregnancy to induce or augment labour. The direct passage of CO2 into the muscle chamber led to adiabatic cooling of the physiological fluid and inhibition of muscle contraction. This was alleviated by the construction of a CO2 reduction interface together with the passage of carbogen which aided in the rapid displacement of excess CO2. The on-line system was evaluated with four plants (Clivia miniata (Lindl.) Regel, Ekebergia capensis Sparrm., Grewia occidentalis L. and Asclepias fruticosa L.) that are currently used during pregnancy by some black South African women. Extractions were performed with water modified supercritical CO2. Fractions of supercritical fluid extracts, obtained by sequentially increasing the pressure from 200 to 300 and 400 atm at constant temperature were transferred directly to the muscle chamber to identify the active fractions. The 400 atm extracts of C. miniata, A. fruticosa and E. capensis displayed maximum uterotonic activity while only the 300 atm extract of G. occidentalis induced uterine muscle contraction. This technique proved to be a safe and sensitive method for analyzing medicinal plants that contain uterotonic substances hence assisting in rapidly validating the uterotonic properties and detecting any toxic effects of these extracts.