E血清型沙眼衣原体主要外膜蛋白B细胞表位的预测

基于E血清型沙眼衣原体(Chlamydia trachomatis,CT)主要外膜蛋白(Major outer membrane protein, MOMP)氨基酸序列,采用Hopp-Woods的亲水性方案、Emini表面可及性方案、Jameson-Wolf 抗原指数方案和Janin可及性方案等,辅以对MOMP蛋白的二级结构中的柔性区域及跨膜区域的分析,预测CT MOMP蛋白的B细胞表位.推测最有可能的B细胞表位位于MOMP蛋白N端第73～81区段、217～225区段、第377～386区段、第261～270区段和第161～175区段内或它们的附近.用多参数预测CT MOMP蛋白的B细胞表位,为进一步研究蛋白特性及表位疫苗研制奠定了基础.     

人偏肺病毒黏附蛋白的二级结构及B细胞表位初步预测

目的预测人偏肺病毒G蛋白的二级结构及B细胞表位。方法分别采用SOPMA方法及HMMTOP程序预测G蛋白的二级结构和跨膜区域；综合分析蛋白的柔性结构、亲水性、表面可及性与抗原性指数，预测G蛋白的抗原表位。结果G蛋白的二级结构主要为柔性区域，占62．1％；廿螺旋占22．37％；β-折叠占15．53％；N端第32～51位氨基酸残基为跨膜区。B细胞表位位于G蛋白N端55—77、80-104、111～126、130～167、178—210区段。结论应用多参数预测G蛋白的二级结构与B细胞表位，为进一步研究蛋白特征、单克隆抗体制备及表位疫苗研制奠定了基础。     

人Izumo蛋白的二级结构及B细胞抗原表位预测

目的:预测人Izumo蛋白的二级结构及B细胞抗原表位.方法:以人Izumo基因序列为基础,按Chou-Fasman和Gamier-Robson方法预测其编码蛋白的二级结构,采用Karplus-Schulz方法预测Izumo蛋白骨架区的柔韧性;按Kyte-Doolittle方法预测其亲水性、Emini方法预测蛋白质表面可能性及Jameson-Wolf方法预测抗原性指数.结果:Chou-Fasman及Gamier-Robson两种方法预测的结果均表明,Izumo蛋白含较多的α螺旋,蛋白第6～17、30～40、88～99、103～120、153～160、173～188、249～260、283～297、334～338和339～346区段可能是α螺旋中心,第21～25、198～200、245～248和320～323区段可能是β折叠中心.用Kyte-Doolittle、Emini和Jameson-wolf方法分别对Izumo蛋白B细胞抗原表位进行预测结果表明,蛋白质第36～42、62～66、94～99、118～122、129～132、151～154、161～164、173～177、205～208、212～216、256～265、271～276、283～288、314～318和336～350区段附近很可能为B细胞表位优势区域.结论:该研究结果有助于确定Izumo蛋白的B细胞优势表位及发挥免疫避孕的活性部位.     

严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)刺突蛋白的B细胞及T细胞抗原表位的生物信息学分析

目的 使用生物信息学方法预测严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)刺突蛋白(S蛋白)的结构特点，并预测可能的B细胞和T细胞表位。方法 从NCBI数据库中获取SARS-CoV-2的S蛋白氨基酸序列，通过蛋白质基本性质分析工具ProtParam分析S蛋白的理化性质；利用综合性序列工具软件Lasergene和蛋白质二级结构分析软件SOMPA分析S蛋白二级结构；蛋白质同源物/类似物Y识别引擎Phyre2和分子图像观察软件Rasmol构建并分析S蛋白三级结构；B细胞表位预测工具ABCpred、 BepiPred和BcePred预测S蛋白的B细胞抗原表位；利用免疫表位数据库IEDB预测S蛋白的T细胞抗原表位。结果S蛋白由1273个氨基酸组成，理论等电点为6.24,原子组成为C₆₃₃₆H₉₇₇₀N₁₆₅₆O₁₈₉₄S₅₄,属于稳定亲水性蛋白。Lasergene软件的Gramier-Robson方法预测显示：α螺旋占23.5%、 β折叠占53.7%、转角区域占14.9%、无规则卷...     

尤文肉瘤EWS-FLI1蛋白融合区的二级结构及B细胞表位的预测

目的：预测尤文肉瘤EWS—FLI1蛋白融合区的二级结构及B细胞表位。方法：采用SOPM／SOPMA法、Chou—Fasman法和Karplus—Schulz法预测EWS-FLI1蛋白的二级结构；综合分析蛋白的柔性结构、亲水性、表面可及性与抗原性，通过预测数据再确定EWS—FLI1蛋白融合区的抗原表位。结果：EWS—FLI1蛋白的二级结构主要为柔性区域，位于EWS—FLI1蛋白N端5．23-30，32，36-49，62，69—100，118．123，128．132，135，137．170，173—179，183—271，276-286，291—301，317—319，328—331，346—353．396-400，407-408，426-438区段；α螺旋位于N端10—15，34，55，106—107，306—316，340—345，359—362，386，392区段；β折叠位于N端20，22，50—52，65-67，102—107，272，274，289—290，323，325-327，371-375，380-384，422-424，446—447区段；B细胞表位位于N端69-79，99—114，128—152，167．171，194-208，248—265，397-406区段，融合区B细胞表位位于N端248—265区段。结论：应用多参数预测EWS—FLI1蛋白融合区的二级结构与B细胞表位，为蛋白特征及复合表位疫苗的进一步研制奠定了基础。     

H5N1型高致病性禽流感病毒血凝素蛋白及神经氨酸酶的B细胞抗原表位预测

目的预测H5N1亚型高致病性禽流感病毒HA蛋白和NA蛋白的B细胞表位,为基于B细胞表位的预防性疫苗设计提供依据。方法基于HA蛋白和NA蛋白的蛋白质序列,采用Kyte-Doolittle的亲水性方案,Emini方案,Karplus方案和Jameson-wolf抗原指数方案,并辅以MAGE蛋白的二级结构柔性区域分析,预测HA蛋白和NA蛋白的B细胞表位。结果分别预测出了6条血凝素蛋白(Hemagglutinin,HA)以及6条神经氨酸酶(Neuraminidase,NA)B细胞优势表位。结论这些B细胞表位可为禽流感疫苗的研制提供实验依据。     

鼠TRAM蛋白B细胞表位预测及其免疫原性检测

目的 预测TRAM蛋白的二级结构和B细胞表位,为抗鼠TRAM单克隆抗体制备奠定基础。方法以TRAM蛋白的氨基酸序列为基础,采用Goldkeu计算机分析软件以及网络nnpredict二级结构分析软件对TRAM蛋白二级结构及B细胞表位预测。合成针对该表位的多肽,以此多肽为免疫原免疫兔,对其免疫原性进行检测。结果用多参数预测TRAM蛋白的二级结构和B细胞表位,综合评判表明：TRAM分子的第216～229位氨基酸满足亲水性、可及性和可塑性,在二级结构上位于蛋白伸展结构或无规则卷曲结构内,最可能为其优势B细胞表位。此多肽能诱导机体产生较高的抗体滴度,多克隆抗体具有高的特异性。结论TRAM分子的第216～229位氨基酸为其优势B细胞表位,这为制作B细胞优势短肽单克隆抗体提供了理论依据。     

应用合成的SARS病毒S蛋白重叠肽筛选B细胞表位

目的筛选SARS病毒S蛋白的B细胞表位。方法使用SARS-CoV S DNA疫苗免疫BALB／c小鼠，获得SARS病毒S蛋白的免疫血清。人工合成包含169条部分氨基酸序列重叠的SARS-CoV S蛋白的多肽库。将多肽片段包被ELISA板，利用免疫小鼠血清，通过抗体结合试验来筛选SARS病毒S蛋白的线性B细胞表位。并将筛选结果与使用B细胞表位分析软件预测的结果进行比较。结果使用重叠肽合成法筛选到SARS．CoV蛋白两条多肽片段S335—352和S442—458．能与免疫动物血清特异性结合，与使用Bcipep数据库预测B细胞表位的结果相一致。结论鉴定了两个新的SARS病毒S蛋白B细胞表位。     

人类偏肺病毒F蛋白的B细胞表位预测

目的 预测人类偏肺病毒F蛋白的B细胞表位。方法综合分析二级结构、亲水性、表面可及性与抗原性指数，预测F蛋白的抗原表位。结果B细胞表位位于F蛋白N段15-28、88-102、161-189、195-202、206-213、245-257、290-299、302-309、318-334、410-419、515-526区段。结论应用多参数预测F蛋白的B细胞表位，为进一步研究蛋白特征、单克隆抗体制备及表位疫苗研制奠定了基础。     

微小隐孢子虫SA35与SA40蛋白的B细胞抗原表位预测

目的预测微小隐孢子虫SA35和SA40蛋白的B细胞表位。方法以单参数（亲水性、可及性、柔韧性及抗原性）预测为基础,通过二级结构预测初步筛选,并以ABCpred方案作为最终验证,预测微小隐孢子虫SA35和SA40蛋白的B细胞表位。结果SA35蛋白N端103～115和129～146和以及SA40蛋白的N端77～89、127～136、156～174和200～209区段为预测的B细胞表位。结论所得表位为这两种蛋白以后应用于合成肽检测、制备相应的抗体、发展高特异性和敏感性的诊断系统以及研制疫苗等提供了理论基础。     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.     

Counterpointing the functional role of the forebrain and of the brainstem in the control of the sleep-waking system

This paper reviews the lifetime contributions of the author to the field of sleep-wakefulness (S-W), reinterprets results of the early studies, and suggests new conclusions and perspectives. Long-term cats with mesencephalic transection show behavioral/polygraphic rapid eye movement sleep (REMS), including the typical oculo-pupillary behavior, even when the section is performed in kittens prior to S-W maturation. REMS can be induced as a reflex. Typical non-rapid eye movement S (NREMS) is absent and full W/arousal is present only after a precollicular section. The isolated forebrain (IF) rostral to the transection exhibits all features of W/arousal and NREMS [with electroencephalographic (EEG) spindles and delta waves], arousal to olfactory stimuli, and including the appropriate oculo-pupillary behaviors. These features also mature normally after neonatal transection. REMS is absent from the IF. After deprivation there is NREMS pressure and rebound in the IF, but the decerebrate cat only shows pressure for REMS. Most IF reactions to pharmacologic agents are within expectations, except for the tolerance/withdrawal effects of long-term morphine use which are absent. In contrast, these effects are supported by the brainstem (i.e. seen in the decerebrate cat). In cats with ablation of the telencephalon, or diencephalic cats, delta waves are absent in the thalamus. EEG thalamic spindle waves are seen triggering S for only 4-5 days after ablation. Therefore, true NREMS is absent in chronic diencephalic cats although pre- and postsomniac behaviors persist. These animals are hyperactive and show a pronounced, permanent insomnia; however, a low dose of barbiturate triggers a dramatic REMS/atypical NREMS rebound. Cats without the thalamus (athalamic cats), initially show a dissociation between behavioral hyperactivity/insomnia and the neocortical EEG, which for 15-20 days exhibits only delta and slower oscillations. Fast, low-voltage W rhythms appear later on, first during REMS, but spindle waves and S postures are absent from the start, such that these cats also display only atypical NREMS. Athalamic cats also show barbiturate-sensitive insomnia. Cats with ablation of the frontal cortices or the caudate nuclei remain permanently hyperactive. They also show a mild, but significant hyposomnia, which is permanent in afrontal cats, but lasts for about a month in acaudates. The polygraphic/behavioral features of their S-W states remain normal. We conclude and propose that: (a) the control of the S-W system is highly complex and distributed, but is organized hierarchically in a well-defined rostro-caudal manner; the rostral-most or highest level (telencephalon), is the most functionally complex/adaptative and regulates the lower levels; the diencephalic/basal forebrain, or middle level, has a pivotal role in inducing switching between S and W and in coordinating the lowest (brainstem) and highest levels; (b) W can occur independently in both the forebrain and brainstem, but true NREMS- and REMS-generating mechanisms exist exclusively in the forebrain and brainstem, respectively; (c) forebrain and brainstem S-W processes can operate independently from each other and are preprogrammed at birth; this helps understanding normal and abnormal polygraphic/behavioral dissociations in humans and normal dissociations/splitting in aquatic mammals; (d) NREMS homeostasis is present in the IF, but only REMS pressure after deprivation persists in the decerebrate cat; (e) the thalamus engages in both NREMS and W; (f) insomnia in diencephalic cats is the result of an imbalance between antagonistic W- and S-promoting cellular groups in the ventral brain (normally modulated by the telencephalon); (g) the EEG waves, which are signature for each S-W state, appear to truly drive the concomitant behaviors, e.g. a hypothetical human IF could alternate between behavioral NREMS and W/arousal/awareness; (h) a role for REMS is to keep the individual sleeping at the end of the self-limiting NREMS periods. The need for accelerating research on telencephaling NREMS periods. The need for accelerating research on telencephalic S-W processes and downstream control of the lower S-W system levels is emphasized.     

The development of the ligament of the head of the femur

The hip joints of 30 human male and female fetuses and stillborns between 20 mm and 350 mm crown-rump length were studied by light microscopy. The ligament of the head of the femur developed in situ as a condensation of mesenchyme at the end of the second month of intra-uterine life (IUL), and was vascularized by branches of acetabular vessels early in the fourth month. In the majority of fetuses older than 5.5 months IUL, vessels in the ligament passed a short way into the femoral head within cartilage canals, to supply a small region around the fovea capitis. The remainder of the head was supplied by vessels in canals from around the upper part of the neck. The ligament changed from predominantly cellular to fibrous during the last 4 months of IUL. This increase in strength suggested significant mechanical functions in utero: limitation of adduction-flexion and opposition to postero-superior dislocation were the most likely.     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Involvement of the striatum in the central regulation of the hormonal functions of the gonads

Studies reported here show that intrastriatal administration of corticoliberin to rats decreases the blood testosterone level. However, in conditions of chemical deficiency of dopaminergic transmission in the dorsal striatum induced by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine, the effect of this neurohormone did not appear. It is concluded that extrahypothalamic corticoliberin is involved in regulating the hormonal reproductive system acting via dopaminergic mechanisms. Translated from Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 85, No. 4, pp. 594–597, April, 1999.     

Ultrastructure of the endothelium of the drainage system of the eye

The endothelium of the ocular drainage system (Schlemm’s canal, collector tubules, and aqueous veins) in primary juvenile glaucoma undergoes degenerative dystrophic changes with compensatory hypertrophy and proliferation at the initial stages of the glaucomatous process and atrophy and desquamation at advanced and terminal stages. Progressive decrease in the pinocytous function of endotheliocytes, reduction of the protein-synthesizing and mitochondrial compartments of the cytoplasm, and formation of autophagosomes reflect the process of endotheliocyte degeneration in general. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 145, No. 5, pp. 574–577, May, 2008