红色荧光-VEGF_(165)融合蛋白载体在细胞内的定位和表达

目的　构建在哺乳动物细胞中表达人VEGF1 65(hVEGF1 65)红色荧光蛋白 (RFP)的融合表达载体。方法　根据已知的人VEGF1 65序列 ,用PCR方法 ,从质粒pUC1 8/VEGF1 65中扩增出去除终止密码子的VEGF1 65片段 ,定向克隆至pDsRed1 N1质粒中。重组质粒经限制性内切酶和DNA序列测定鉴定。以DOTAP为介导 ,将pDsVEGF1 65Red1 N1转染 2 93 T细胞 ,4 8小时后用RT PCR、激光共聚焦显微镜检测VEGF1 65在细胞内表达和分布情况。结果　重组的融合蛋白表达载体经酶切、PCR和DNA序列测定证明构建正确 ,并在2 93 T细胞中表达。报告基因 -红色荧光蛋白在细胞质、细胞核中都有一定的分布。结论　成功构建了pDsVEGF1 65Red1 N1红色荧光蛋白融合表达载体 ,该载体能在哺乳动物细胞中表达 ,为研究VEGF的细胞内定位提供了一个重要而方便的工具     

重组腺病毒介导的血管内皮生长因子165在大鼠骨髓基质细胞中的表达

目的 利用AdEasy腺病毒载体系统构建携带血管内皮生长因子165(VEGF165)的重组腺病毒(Ad-VEGF165),并观察Ad-VEGF165转染大鼠骨髓基质细胞(bMSCs)后VEGF165的表达情况. 方法 将PCR获取的VEGF165目的 基因插入到pAATrackCMV中,构建腺病毒穿梭质粒pAdTrack-VEGF165,经Pme I酶切线性化后,采用电穿孔法转化到含腺病毒骨架质粒pAdEasy-1的BJ5183大肠杆菌感受态细胞中,挑选同源重组菌落.提取质粒并用Pac I酶切鉴定.线性化重组质粒pAdEasy-VEGF165转染293T细胞,包装成重组腺病毒颗粒.并扩增收集重组腺病毒,测定病毒滴度.体外培养大鼠骨髓基质细胞,Ad-VEGF165转染骨髓基质细胞,转染后在荧光显微镜下观察.转染的骨髓基质细胞采用RT-PCR和ELISA法检测VFGF165的表达水平. 结果 经酶切鉴定,基因测序及绿色荧光观察证实成功构建了携带VEGF165基因的重组腺病毒,并扩增出109pfu/ml的高滴度重组腺病毒.Ad-VEGF165转染骨髓基质细胞后,RT PCR证明转染的骨髓基质细胞内有VEGF165mRNA表达.ELISA检测发现转染组上清液中VEGF165蛋白分泌量明显高于对照组(P＜0.01). 结论 pAdEasy-VEGF165转染对骨髓基质细胞的增殖能力无明显影响,而且骨髓基质细胞能够表达并分泌VFGF165为研究骨组织工程血管化局部基因治疗奠定了基础.     

His-TAT-mCherry融合蛋白的跨膜转导及其在细胞内的定位

目的 构建在原核中表达的人类免疫缺陷病毒转录活化因子(HIV-TAT)红色荧光蛋白(mCherry)融合表达载体,荧光显微镜观察HW-TAT的跨膜转导及其在细胞内的定位,为进一步研究HW-TAT的跨膜转导机制及其定位提供重要工具. 方法 采用基因重组技术构建含HIV-TAT以及红色荧光蛋白的质粒pET14b-His-TAT-mCherry,对阳性克隆进行PCR、酶切和测序鉴定,将该质粒转化至E.coli BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,使其在体外表达,并进行纯化、除菌.将纯化的His-TAT-mCherry融合蛋白与Hela细胞共同孵育,荧光显微镜下观察. 结果 PCR、双酶切和DNA测序证明所构建质粒正确;表达纯化出了高纯度的His-TAT-mCher-ry融合蛋白.荧光显微镜下见Hela细胞中红色荧光蛋白主要分布在胞质中,细胞膜上也有一定分布. 结论 成功构建了pET14b-His-TAT-mCherry原核表达质粒,纯化了高纯度的His-TAT-mCherry融合蛋白,该蛋白在哺乳动物细胞中有跨膜转导活性,为研究HIV-TAT的跨膜转导机制提供了一个重要的工具.     

耐辐射奇球菌pprM基因在真核细胞中的表达

目的扩增耐辐射奇球菌辐射抗性基因pprM,构建pEGFP-C1-pprM重组载体,转入293T细胞并表达PprM蛋白,为研究原核细胞辐射抗性基因pprM是否提高真核细胞的辐射抗性及其可能存在的作用机制奠定实验基础。方法以无任何突变的pGEX-6p-1-pprM重组质粒为模版,设计引物PCR扩增pprM基因,利用琼脂糖凝胶DNA回收试剂盒纯化回收目的片段,EcoR Ⅰ、BamH Ⅰ双酶切回收的目的片段及质粒pEGFP-C1,将双酶切产物进行连接,连接产物转化至大肠杆菌JM109感受态细胞后涂布于含卡那霉素（Kan）抗性的Luria-Bertani（LB）固体培养基上进行筛选,所筛选的阳性克隆进一步用菌落PCR,EcoR Ⅰ、BamH Ⅰ双酶切及测序鉴定。通过Lipofectamine2000转染试剂将pEGFP-C1-pprM重组质粒转入293T细胞,倒置荧光显微镜观察绿色荧光融合蛋白的表达。裂解细胞抽提蛋白,Western blot进一步验证PprM蛋白的表达。结果菌落PCR结果及双酶切结果显示,在400 bp左右处有一条明显的目的条带,测序结果显示碱基序列与原基因序列一致,载体构建成功。荧光拍照结果显示,pEGFP-C1-pprM重组质粒成功转染293T细胞并表达绿色荧光融合蛋白;Western blot结果显示在40×103处有融合蛋白表达。结论笔者成功将所构pEGFP-C1-pprM重组质粒转入293T细胞,并表达相应蛋白,为后续实验研究原核基因pprM及其产物对真核细胞辐射抗性的影响奠定了良好的实验基础。     

重组腺病毒载体Ad5-hVEGF165-EGFP的构建与鉴定

目的人血管内皮生长因子（的hVEGF165）为靶基因,增强型绿色荧光蛋白（EGFP）基因构建体的复制缺陷型腺病毒载体,为基因治疗牙周进一步再生奠定了基础。方法质粒的pDC316-的VEGF165为模板,PCR扩增基因片段进行消化,获得的hVEGF165用于连接到含有绿色荧光蛋白标记基因重组质粒的消化方法的pDC316-MCMV-EGFP质粒载体,PCR鉴定和双酶切证实成功构建重组质粒;使用ADMAX包装系统,改造的质粒共转染用质粒骨架293包装细胞系和重组病毒的扩增;扩增病毒的离子交换纯化;TCID50测定病毒粒子和效价的数目;的荧光的荧光显微镜重组腺病毒表达。结果 PCR鉴定,酶切分析和测序证实成功构建人VEGF基因的携带绿色荧光蛋白标记（的hVEGF165）重组质粒的pDC316-的hVEGF165-MCMV-EGFP和同源重组腺病毒Ad5的-的hVEGF165-EGFP的成功。扩增和纯化后,腺病毒颗粒的数量测量5.4×1011VP/mL,约2.0,为1.8×1010CCID50/mL的滴度OD260/OD280值。结论成功构建携带hVEGF165基因重组腺病毒载体Ad5-hVEGF165-EGFP并获得高滴度病毒颗粒,为hVEGF165基因功能研究以及细胞移植、基因治疗提供有效的工具。     

HA表位标记的人Axud1基因的构建及在肺腺癌SPC-A1细胞中的表达

构建在哺乳动物细胞中表达的血凝素HA表位标记的人Axud1融合蛋白表达载体。RT PCR从人外周血淋巴细胞中扩增Axud1全长cDNA ,用含HA序列的特异引物PCR扩增HA Axud1,经BamHⅠ、XbaⅠ酶切后插入到经BamHⅠ、XbaⅠ酶切的真核表达载体pcDNA3 .1( ) 中 ,重组质粒PCR、酶切和测序鉴定正确 ,最后将该质粒转染入肺腺癌SPC A1细胞中 ,Westernblot检测HA Axud1融合蛋白的表达。结果显示 ,筛选的G418抗性克隆SPC A1细胞中均有HA Axud1融合蛋白的表达 ,为进一步研究Axud1蛋白在肿瘤细胞中的功能提供了一个重要工具     

小鼠ATP酶β亚单位真核表达载体的构建和细胞内定位研究

目的构建小鼠ATP酶β亚单位(ATPaseβ)真核表达载体,并观察其在哺乳动物细胞中的表达定位情况。方法取BALB/c小鼠肝脏组织的总RNA,反转录为cDNA,以cDNA为模板PCR扩增得到ATPaseβ编码序列,将其连接到pMD18-T载体上,然后以pMD18-ATPaseβ为模板扩增得到ATPaseβ编码序列,再将其克隆到真核表达载体pcDNA3/HA上。采用脂质体转染法转染NIH 3T3细胞及293细胞,在荧光显微镜下观察结果。结果 PCR、双酶切和测序结果表明,重组质粒pcDNA3/HA-ATPaseβ构建正确;转染实验发现,该质粒能够在NIH 3T3细胞中表达,表达产物主要定位于细胞质,细胞膜上也有表达,而在293细胞中只表达于细胞质。结论成功构建了带有HA标签的小鼠ATPaseβ真核表达载体,该载体能够在哺乳动物NIH 3T3及293细胞中有效表达并正确定位,为进一步研究ATPaseβ的细胞内生物学功能提供了一个重要的工具。     

人野生型和突变型CITED2真核表达质粒的构建与表达

目的 构建人转录辅助因子CITED2突变型(c.573-578del6)及野生型真核表达质粒并检测两种重组质粒CITED2蛋白的表达情况.方法 分别以健康儿童和CITED2基因突变的先天性心脏病患儿血细胞DNA为模板,PCR定向克隆扩增野生型和突变型CITED2编码链,分别T/A克隆至pMD19-T simple质粒上,筛选出野生型和突变型CITED2的T载体重组质粒.应用DNA重组技术将T载体重组质粒上的CITED2基因片段亚克隆入真核表达载体pEGFP-C1,构建pEGFP-C1-wtCITED2和pEGFP-C1-mtCITED2真核表达质粒,并分别转染至HEK293细胞,24h后在荧光显微镜下观察质粒转染情况,48h后应用流式细胞仪检测转染效率,Western blotting检测CITED2蛋白的表达.结果 成功构建了人野生型pEGFP-C1-wtCITED2和突变型pEGFP-C1-mtCITED2真核表达质粒.转染至HEK293细胞后24h,在荧光显微镜下可观察到各转染组EGFP的表达,转染后48h流式细胞仪检测转染效率为50％ ～ 60％,Western blotting检测可见CITED2蛋白与EGFP的融合表达.结论 成功构建了人转录辅助因子CITED2突变型及野生型真核表达质粒,并检测到CITED2蛋白的表达.     

人乳头瘤病毒6b型L1基因的克隆及表达

目的研究尖锐湿疣患者人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)6b型晚期基因L1(HPV6bL1)在真核细胞内的表达。方法 PCR技术扩增原核重组质粒PQE40-HPV6bL1中L1基因,酶切后与真核表达质粒PEGFP-C1连接,转化入感受态大肠埃希菌DH5α,经扩增后酶切鉴定,挑选阳性克隆进行测序。以重组质粒PEGFP-HPV6bL1转染COS-7细胞,荧光显微镜下观察融合蛋白的表达,RT-PCR检测HPV6bL1 mRNA的表达。结果双酶切及测序鉴定显示,重组质粒中插入的目的基因片段及载体DNA大小、方向和插入位点均正确,PEGFP-HPV6bL1构建成功。重组体成功转染进COS-7细胞,在荧光倒置显微镜下可观察到细胞内有绿色荧光蛋白表达,RT-PCR检测到HPV6bL1 mRNA的表达。结论建立了HPV6bL1绿色荧光真核表达系统,为研究该蛋白质的功能奠定了基础。     

转甲状腺素蛋白真核表达载体的构建及其细胞内定位

目的 构建转甲状腺素蛋白(TTR)的真核表达载体,观察其在NIH 3T3细胞中的表达及定位.方法 提取BALB/c小鼠肝脏组织的总RNA,通过RT-PCR扩增得到TTR编码序列,将该编码序列克隆到带有血凝素(HA)标记的载体pcDNA3-HA上,构建质粒pcDNA3-TTR-HA.重组质粒通过PCR、酶切测序等证明构建正确后经脂质体转染NIH 3T3细胞,固定并染色后通过荧光显微镜观察该融合蛋白的表达及定位.结果 重组质粒经鉴定证明构建正确.转染实验发现,该质粒能够在NIH 3T3细胞中表达,表达产物主要分布在细胞质中.结论 成功构建带HA标签的TTR真核表达载体,该载体能在哺乳动物细胞中有效表达并正确定位,为深入研究TTR在细胞内的相关生物学功能奠定了基础.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.