腹腔镜远端胃癌D2根治术肿瘤安全性临床分析

目的 比较腹腔镜辅助与开腹远端胃癌D2根治手术的淋巴结清扫及肿瘤安全切缘,评估腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌D2根治手术的肿瘤安全性和可行性.方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2012年6月吉林大学第二医院普通外科疾病诊疗中心363例腹腔镜远端胃癌D2根治术患者的临床资料,并与2008年1月至2010年1月412例开腹胃癌D2根治术患者的临床资料进行比较,比较两组患者淋巴结清扫数目和肿瘤安全切缘距离以及围手术期资料.结果腹腔镜组与开放组在患者年龄、性别、BMI以及肿瘤T分期比例无统计学差异.腹腔镜手术组淋巴结清扫数目(23.5±8.4)枚,开腹手术组为(24.7±9.3)枚;腹腔镜手术组肿瘤近切缘距离(6.95±1.92)cm,远切缘距离(4.89±1.80)cm;开腹手术组肿瘤近切缘距离(7.28±2.01)cm,远切缘距离(4.05±1.77)cm;腹腔镜手术组与开腹手术组淋巴结清扫数目以及肿瘤远近端切缘距离无显著性差异(P＞0.05).腹腔镜组、开腹组手术时间无显著性差异.腹腔镜和开腹手术组术中平均出血量分别为(110.6±35.2)ml和(420.5±112.2)ml,腹腔镜手术组术中出血量显著低于开腹手术组(P＜0.05).腹腔镜和开腹手术组术后平均住院日为(9.5±2.6)d和(11.5±2.9)d,腹腔镜手术组术后住院时间显著短于开腹手术组(P＜0.05).结论腹腔镜胃癌D2根治术治疗进展期胃癌能够达到与开放手术相同的肿瘤根治效果,安全可行,同时具有术中出血少、术后恢复快的优点.     

腹腔镜胃癌根治术与开放性胃癌根治术的对比研究

目的　通过比较腹腔镜下胃癌根治术与开放性胃癌根治术的差异,探讨腹腔镜下胃癌根治性的可行性。方法 选取２００８年５月至２００９年１０月行腹腔镜下胃癌根治性切除术８１例,其中根治性远端胃癌根治术４８例,根治性近端胃癌根治术１９例,根治性全胃切除术１４例,与开放性胃癌根治术（相同分期）８０例的病例资料作回顾性分析。结果　８１例均在腹腔镜辅助下完成手术,Ｄ１淋巴结清扫６例,Ｄ２淋巴结清扫７５例。腹腔镜手术和开放性手术的平均手术时间分别为２５８ｍｉｎ和１９３ｍｉｎ（Ｐ＜０.０５）,术中平均出血量分别为２９２ｍｌ和３８９ｍｌ（Ｐ＜０.０５）,清扫淋巴结平均数分别为１６.５枚和１７.８枚（Ｐ＞０.０５）;术后平均胃肠功能恢复时间分别为２.９天和３.９天（Ｐ＜０.０５）;腹腔镜手术组术中无脏器损伤,术后无出血、吻合口漏及肺部感染等并发症,无手术死亡病例。结论　腹腔镜下胃癌根治术安全、可行,与开放性胃癌根治术具有相同的淋巴结清扫范围。     

腹腔镜辅助早期胃癌根治术的临床研究（附18例报告）

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术在早期胃癌中的临床应用。方法回顾性分析2006年5月至2009年12月间接受腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术的早期胃癌病例的临床资料,包括手术方式、手术时间、术中失血量、排气时间、术后住院时间、术后病理、随访等。结果 18例手术均在腹腔镜辅助下完成,没有中转开腹。其中远端胃切除15例,近端胃切除3例,腹腔镜下D1＋α式淋巴结清扫13例,Dl＋β式淋巴结清扫2例,D2式淋巴结清扫3例。手术时间为（140.5±30.6）分钟,术中失血（120.7±20.2）mL,术后排气时间（3.0±0.5）天,术后住院天数为（9.7±1.2）天;3例（3/18）患者出现并发症,其中腹腔内出血、淋巴漏、切口感染各1例,经手术和非手术治疗后痊愈。标本上、下切缘病理检查均无肿瘤残留,平均清扫淋巴结（13.6±4.0）枚,其中有2例（2/18）发现淋巴结转移。除1例失访外,其余17例随访8-51月,均无肿瘤复发和远处转移。结论腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术是治疗早期胃癌安全、可行、有效的手术方法。     

腹腔镜远端胃癌D2根治术的临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜远端胃癌D2根治术治疗胃癌的疗效。方法对64例胃癌患者分别采用腹腔镜远端胃癌D2根治术（腹腔镜组,n=33）和开腹远端胃癌D2根治术（开腹组,n=31）治疗,然后分析2组患者的临床资料。结果2组患者的淋巴结清扫数、肿瘤上切缘长度、肿瘤下切缘长度都无显著差异（P〉0．05）。腹腔镜组患者在术中出血量、切口长度、胃管拔除时间、排气时间、进食流质时间、下床活动时间、住院时间、止痛剂注射次数以及并发症等方面均显著好于开腹组患者（P〈0．05）。但是腹腔镜组患者的手术时间显著长于开腹组患者（P〈0．05）。结论腹腔镜胃癌D2根治术创伤小、淋巴结清扫彻底、患者反应轻、术后恢复快,能达到肿瘤根治原则,值得在临床推广应用。     

腹腔镜远端胃癌D2根治术在进展期胃癌中的临床应用价值

目的:对比分析完全腹腔镜与开腹远端胃癌D2根治术在进展期胃癌中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析我院2013年1月至2014年12月收治的接受完全腹腔镜胃癌D2根治手术的进展期胃癌患者40例(腹腔镜组）及接受开腹胃癌D2根治手术的进展期胃癌患者36例（开腹组）的临床资料。对比分析两组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间、术后住院时间、术后并发症、淋巴结清除数、肿瘤距远近切缘距离。结果:腹腔镜组手术时间明显较开腹组长,但术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间、术后住院时间均少于开腹组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组术后并发症发生率、淋巴结清扫数目及两组远、近切端距肿瘤距离比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论:完全腹腔镜远端胃癌D2根治术治疗进展期胃癌是安全、可行的,可以达到与开腹手术同样的根治效果。     

腹腔镜辅助下进展期胃癌根治术临床分析（附6例报告）

目的:探讨腹腔镜辅助下进展期胃癌根治术的安全性及可行性.方法:6例进展期胃癌患者均行腹腔镜辅助下根治性远端胃大部切除术.结果:6例患者均成功进行腹腔镜手术.无中转开腹.手术用时(251±24)min,术中出血量(185±65)mL,清扫淋巴结(14.5±5.7)枚/例.术后患者平均下床活动时间(1.8±0.6)d,胃肠功能恢复时间为(3.8±1.2)d,术后效果良好,没有近期并发症发生.结论:腹腔镜进展期胃癌根治术具有创伤小、术后恢复快等优点,安全、有效,可行性好.     

腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌D2根治术的临床价值

目的对比分析腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌D2根治术与传统开腹术的手术时间、手术创伤程度,探讨腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌D2根治术的应用价值。方法选取2009年3月至2013年9月间收治的172例癌患者,其中行传统开腹手术80例,行腹腔镜手术92例。回顾性对比分析两种手术方式的手术时间、术中出血量、手术切口长度、淋巴结清扫枚数、术后患者疼痛情况、围手术期并发症情况及术后恢复情况等指标。结果两组患者在不同手术方式下均顺利完成手术。腹腔镜手术组患者手术时间、术中出血量及切口长度明显优于传统开腹手术(P<0.05),但术中淋巴结清扫枚数两组无明显差异(P>0.05)。术后采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)评估两组患者术后疼痛情况,腹腔镜手术组明显优于开腹手术组(P<0.05)。腹腔镜手术组首次肛门排气时间、首次排便时间、首次下床活动时间、术后住院时间明显少于开腹手术组(P<0.05)。两种手术方式,术后吻合口瘘、吻合口出血、十二指肠残端瘘、切口愈合等围手术期并发症无明显差异,但肺部感染腹腔镜手术组明显好于开腹手术组(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌D2根治术与传统开腹远端胃癌D2根治术比较,具有对患者创伤小,术后疼痛耐受好,恢复快,围手术期并发症少等优点,值得临床推广应用。     

腹腔镜残胃癌根治术空肠R 型代胃食管- 空肠三角吻合技术的应用研究

目的:探讨空肠“R ”型代胃、食管- 空肠三角吻合技术在腹腔镜下残胃癌根治术中的应用及其近期疗效。方法:回顾性分析2013年1 月至2014年8 月于本院实施腹腔镜残胃癌根治术空肠“R ”型代胃、食管- 空肠三角吻合手术的10例残胃癌患者（腹腔镜组）的临床资料,并与同期18例行开腹手术残胃癌切除术的患者（开腹组）临床病例资料进行对比。对患者术中、术后情况,淋巴结清扫数目、术后并发症、住院日、营养状况等进行分析研究,术后随访14～21个月。结果:10例患者均成功手术,无中转开腹患者,与开腹组相比,平均手术时间（210.0 ± 30.9）minvs .（283.9 ± 50.9）min,平均术中出血量（90.0 ± 26.7）mLvs .（277.8 ± 79.1）mL,平均清扫淋巴结数目（19.0 ± 3.6）枚vs .（18.8 ± 3.7）枚,术后首次下床时间（17.3 ± 3.6）h vs .（75.8 ± 15.7）h,术后首次进流食时间（1.6 ±0.4）d vs . 5.7 ± 1.3）d,胃肠道功能恢复时间（3.0 ± 0.8）d vs .（7.2 ± 1.3）d,术后平均住院时间（7.6 ± 1.2）d vs. （20.8 ± 3.9）d,腹腔镜组所有患者术后均未出现吻合口狭窄、反流性食管炎、吻合口出血、吻合口瘘、倾倒综合征、肠梗阻等并发症,无围手术期死亡,均顺利出院。返院复查患者营养状况良好,无进食哽噎感、食管后烧灼感等不适症状。结论:空肠“R ”型代胃、食管- 空肠三角吻合技术在腹腔镜下残胃癌根治术中的应用是安全、可行的,可提高患者术后生活质量,具有较好的近期疗效,同时可以达到与开腹手术相同的根治效果。      

腹腔镜辅助下D2根治术对进展期远端胃癌患者临床疗效、术后并发症及住院时间的影响

目的 探讨腹腔镜辅助下D2根治术对进展期远端胃癌患者临床疗效、术后并发症及住院时间的影响.方法 选取进展期远端胃癌患者80例,按照治疗方法的不同将其分为腹腔镜组和传统开腹组,每组40例,其中,腹腔镜组患者行腹腔镜辅助下远端胃癌D2根治术,传统开腹组患者行传统开腹远端胃癌D2根治术.比较两组患者的手术指标、肿瘤根治术有效性和术后并发症的发生情况.结果 与传统开腹组比较,腹腔镜组患者的平均手术时间、术后排气时间、术后进流食时间、术后下床活动时间和平均住院时间均缩短[(160.55±13.21)min、(4.21±0.64)d、(4.18±0.79)d、(2.89±0.86)d、(13.27±2.66)d],术中平均出血量减少[(152.40±27.02)ml],平均手术切口长度缩短[(6.03±0.80)cm],差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01).腹腔镜组经术后病理检查证实的近切端与肿瘤平均距离、远切端与肿瘤平均距离、淋巴结平均清扫总数分别为(7.09±1.04)cm、(6.09±1.06)cm、(29.25±18.13)枚,与传统开腹组比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05).腹腔镜组患者术后并发症的总发生率为10％(4/40),与传统开腹组的20％(8/40)比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.180,P=0.671).结论 腹腔镜辅助下D2根治术对进展期远端胃癌患者的肿瘤根治有效性高,缩短了患者住院时间,减少了患者术后并发症的发生,具有较高的安全性,可广泛应用于临床.     

进展期胃癌行腹腔镜与开腹D2远端胃癌根治术的并发症发生率和死亡率的随机对照研究

目的腹腔镜根治性远端胃切除（radical laparoscopic distal gastrectomy,LG）＋D2淋巴结清扫术用于治疗进展期胃癌其安全性和有效性仍存在争议。本研究设计了一个前瞻性随机对照研究来对比腹腔镜手术和传统开腹手术行根治性远端胃切除术＋D2淋巴结清扫术在治疗进展期胃癌的安全性和疗效。研究对象和方法自2012年9月至2014年12月,1056例临床分期为T2－4aN0－3M0的胃癌患者被纳入本研究。患者被随机分为腹腔镜根治性远端胃切除术＋D2淋巴清扫组（LG组）（n ＝528）和开腹远端胃切除术（open gastrectomy,OG）＋D2淋巴清扫组（OG组）（n ＝528）。共有15位来自中国14个研究中心的经验丰富的外科医生参与此次研究。根据意向性治疗分析原则比较LG组（n＝519）和OG组（n＝520）手术后30天内的并发症发生率和死亡率。术后并发症严重程度分级根据Clavien－Dindo分级方法。结果 LG组和OG组患者的D2淋巴结清扫术的合格率相似（99．4％vs．99．6％; P＝0．845）。术后并发症发生率在LG组为15．2％,OG组为12．9％,统计学无明显差异（相差2．3％,95％CI：－1．9～6．6,P＝0．285）。死亡率在LG组为0．4％,而OG组无一例死亡（相差0．4％,95％CI：－0．4～1．4,P＝0．249）。两组并发症的严重程度分布相似（P＝0．314）。结论有经验的外科医生可以在进展期胃癌患者上安全开展腹腔镜下根治性远端胃切除术＋D2淋巴结清扫。     

胃癌1072例外科治疗

目的探讨胃癌手术治疗的方法。方法回顾性分析1992年1月至2004年12月间1072例患者行外科手术治疗的临床资料。结果手术切除922例（86％），其中根治性手术783例（73％），姑息性切除139例（12．9％），在所有切除的手术中，近端胃大部切除239例，远端胃大部切除361例，全胃切除322例，其中空肠间置代胃132例，空肠P襻Roux—Y代胃术200例，联合脏器切除92例，手术探查150例。D1手术86例，D2手术592例，D3手术99例，D4手术6例。TNM分期：Ⅱ期102例，Ⅱ期269例，ⅢA期378例，ⅢB期172例，Ⅳ期151例，Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者占65．4％。总的1、3、5年生存率分别为74．6％、61．7％、41．1％。其中根治陛手术的1、3、5年生存率为83．1％、65．2％、45．8％。手术死亡率0．5％，手术并发症发生率4．9％。结论根治性手术切除是治疗胃癌的关键，术式的选择和代胃方式、联合脏器切除、预防切端癌残留和手术并发症、术后辅助性化疗可提高生存率和生存质量。     

纳米碳标记在全腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术delta吻合中的应用

目的 研究纳米碳标记在早期胃癌全腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术delta吻合中的应用。方法 选取早期拟行远端胃癌根治术患者40例,术前行胃镜及腹部增强CT确认。随机分为纳米碳标记组20例,对照组为常规组20例,不行标记。两组患者均拟行全腹腔镜下远端胃癌根治delta吻合术,对于术中因定位不明确不能行delta吻合的中转为腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术。统计两组行全腹腔delta吻合例数及腹腔镜辅助的例数,并对两组中转率数据进行统计学分析。结果 纳米碳标记在全腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术delta吻合术中有很好的标记作用,标记组行全腹腔镜胃癌根治术中转率明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 纳米碳标记对于早期胃癌全腹腔镜下胃癌根治术delta吻合定位有重要的临床意义。     

Radical surgical treatment of cancer of the stomach in surgical hospitals]

Results of treatment of 571 patients with gastric cancer as well as errors committed during palliative and radical surgery were analysed. General surgeons not infrequently performed distal resection of the stomach for cancer of its proximal part whereas in cases of gastrectomy the distal part of the esophagus was not removed when indicated. On the contrary, in patients with cancer of the distal part of the stomach, surgeons aspired to save as much of the organ as possible, as would be done for the treatment of gastric ulcer. Principles of radical surgery for cancer were violated in those cases.     

OrVil经口抵钉座置入在腹腔镜食管-空肠(残胃)吻合的应用

目的对比腹腔镜辅助胃切除后食管-空肠(残胃)吻合,探究完全腹腔镜全胃或近端胃切除后使用经口抵钉座置入OrVil装置行食管-空肠(残胃)吻合的可行性及安全性。方法 2010年1月至2011年12月,10例近端胃癌行完全腹腔镜全胃或近端胃切除后使用经口抵钉座置入OrVil装置行食管-空肠(残胃)吻合,15例近端胃癌行腹腔镜辅助全胃或近端胃切除后食管-空肠(残胃)吻合,比较两组患者手术情况及吻合相关并发症。结果所有病例手术顺利,无中转开腹。两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院日比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。完全腹腔镜手术组食管-空肠(残胃)吻合时间为(25.80±6.86)min,小于腹腔镜辅助手术组(36.53±6.63)min,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。完全腹腔镜手术组发生1例吻合口瘘,腹腔镜辅助手术组发生1例吻合口瘘、1例吻合口狭窄,两组患者吻合相关并发症比较,差异无统计学意义。结论完全腹腔镜经口抵钉座置入OrVil装置行食管-空肠(残胃)吻合安全、可行,操作简单,缩短吻合时间,并不增加吻合相关并发症的发生。     

Laparoscopic or open distal gastrectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for operable gastric cancer, a randomized Phase II trial (LANDSCOPE trial)

This randomized Phase II trial will compare the efficacy and safety of laparoscopy-assisted D2 distal gastrectomy and open distal D2 gastrectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for patients with macroscopically resectable serosa-positive gastric cancer. When R0/R1 surgery is achieved, patients receive S-1 chemotherapy for 1-year post-operatively. The primary endpoint is the 3-year disease-free survival. The sample size to test the hypothesis of the non-inferiority of laparoscopy-assisted D2 distal gastrectomy to open distal D2 gastrectomy is 80. This trial will be able to appraise the use of the laparoscopic approach as a curative D2 distal gastrectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer.     

胃癌切除术切端癌残留的原因,预后及预防

本文报告胃癌切除术切端癌残留２３例，残留率７．２％，食管切端癌残留１６例占６９．６％，十二指肠侧切端癌残留５例占２１．７％，食管侧切端和十二指肠侧切端均有癌残留２例占８．７％。姑息性胃癌切除术的切端癌残留率０．０％，根治性胃癌切除术的切端癌残留率５．２％，二者经统计学检验无显著差异。远侧胃切除切端癌残留率６．４％，近侧胃切除和全胃切除术的切端癌残留率１１．１％，统计学检验无显著差异。２３例切端癌残     

Three successful cases with CPT-11 + CDDP chemotherapy where S-1 failed to respond to recurrent gastric cancer

We report three successful cases with irinotecan (CPT-11 60 mg/m2) + cisplatin (CDDP 30mg/m2) chemotherapy (once in 2 weeks) where S-1 failed to respond to recurrent gastric cancer. Case 1: A total gastrectomy and splenectomy were performed for a cardiac gastric cancer (T3, N2, H0, P0, CY0, por 1, Stage IIIB). An abdominal CT revealed paraortic lymph node metastases 4 months after the surgery. No reductions were noted after S-1 monotherapy. We next treated this patient with CPT-11 + CDDP. An abdominal CT revealed a CRin after 11 courses. Case 2: A total gastrectomy, splenectomy and cholecystectomy were performed for a cardiac gastric cancer (T3, N3, H0, P0, CY1, tub1, Stage IV). After the surgery, we treated this patient with S-1 mono-therapy. However, we finished this treatment for abdominal recurrence. We next treated this patient with CPT-11 + CDDP. An abdominal CT revealed a CR after 24 courses. Case 3: A distal gastrectomy and cholecystectomy were performed for a pyloric gastric cancer (T2, N1, H0, P0, CY0, tub 2, Stage II). An abdominal CT revealed paraortic lymph node metastases 10 months after the surgery. We treated this patient with S-1 + paclitaxel (PTX) chemotherapy. No reductions were noted after 2 courses. We next treated this patient with CPT-11 + CDDP. An abdominal CT revealed a CR after 8 courses.     

Cases of postoperative hepatic metastasis from gastric cancer in which hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy with 5-FU, adriamycin and cisplatin was performed after TS-1 chemotherapy

The prognosis of patients with hepatic metastasis of gastric cancer is poor, and standard therapies for patients are not established. Here we present two cases of hepatic metastasis from gastric cancer. In both cases, no other organ metastasis except the liver was confirmed, in which hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy with 5-FU, adriamycin and cisplatin (FAP) were performed because TS-1 chemotherapy was not an effective chemotherapy. Case 1: An 80-year-old man had distal gastrectomy for type 2 gastric cancer (Stage II) in January 2001. A liver S8 metastatic recurrence was discovered in the 18th month post operation. After chemotherapy with TS-1 for 5 courses, a hepatic arterial infusion treatment was performed for 7 courses. The effect was PR, but the treatment was canceled because of a catheter obstruction. The patient is living without recurrence. Case 2: This case was a 73-year-old man who had distal gastrectomy for type 0 IIc gastric cancer (Stage IA) in May 1999. Multiple hepatic metastases recurred in the 32nd month post operation. After chemotherapy with TS-1 for 2 courses, a hepatic arterial infusion treatment was performed for 10 courses. The effect was CR, but a peritoneal recurrence was discovered, and a systemic chemotherapy was performed. The patient is living without recrudescence of hepatic metastasis. The hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy with FAP was effective for gastric cancer patients with liver metastasis because TS-1 chemotherapy was not an effective chemotherapy. It is necessary to consider combined chemotherapy in addition to systemic chemotherapy.     

A case report of multiple adenocarcinoma in small intestine after total gastrectomy by Roux-en-Y re-construction

This is a very rare case report of multiple small intestine cancer in jejunal loop of Roux-en-Y re-construction, duodenum and jejunum. A 51-year-old man had undergone total gastrectomy by Roux-en-Y re-construction for Stage III B gastric cancer in 1997. In 2008, he underwent partial jejunectomy and partial ilectomy for ileus due to small intestine adenocarcinoma, located at the jejunum 50 cm distal from Roux-en-Y anastomotic region and at the ileum 20 cm proximal from the ileocecal region. PET/CT suspected a recurrence and peritoneal dissemination, so he had undergone S-1/docetaxel treatment since 2009. In 2010, he was diagnosed as obstructive jaundice due to duodenal tumor revealed by CT. Furthermore, enteroscopy revealed duodenal advanced cancer, type 2 advanced cancer and five polyps in jejunal loop, type 2 advanced cancer and type II a early cancer in jejunum. He could not undergo both pancreatoduodenectomy and choledochojejunostomy because of the invasion to hepatoduodenal ligament. He underwent partial jejunectomy for the advanced cancer in jejunal loop 10 cm proximal form Roux-en-Y anastomotic region and in jejunum 50 cm distal from Roux-en-Y anastomotic region for prevention of ileus.