腔隙梗塞脑白质疏松非痴呆患者血浆生长抑素含量的初步研究

分别对２６例多发性腔隙梗塞（ＭＬＩ）并存脑白质疏松（ＬＡ），２６例ＭＬＩ无ＬＡ患者及２０名健康人的认知功能和血浆ＳＳ含量进行了测定。结果显示：ＬＡ组得分和血浆ＳＳ含量比ＭＬＩ组和对照组明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示这种与脑血管疾病相关的ＬＡ患者，存在着认识障碍，在诊断痴呆之前，体内ＳＳ含量就已出现降低。     

多发梗塞性痴呆患者血浆和脑脊液中若干神经肽含量的变化

用放射免疫法测定了３０例多发梗塞性痴呆（ＭＩＤ）、３５例无痴呆多发脑梗塞患者（ＭＣＩ）及３０名健康人的血浆生长抑素（ＳＳ）、精氨酸加压素（ＡＶＰ）及β－内啡肽（β－ＥＰ）含量，同时测定了部分ＭＩＤ和ＭＣＩ患者脑脊液（ＣＳＦ）中ＳＳ、ＡＶＰ、β－ＥＰ含量。发现ＭＩＤ患者血浆ＳＳ、ＡＶＰ含量比ＭＣＩ组和健康对照组均降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），且随痴呆程度的加重，其含量有递减趋势。而血浆中β－ＥＰ在这三组间差异无显著性意义（Ｐ＞０．０５）。ＭＩＤ组ＣＳＦ中ＳＳ、β－ＥＰ含量低于ＭＣＩ组（Ｐ＜０．０５），而ＣＳＦ中ＡＶＰ含量在两组间无差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），ＣＳＦ中ＡＶＰ含量与痴呆的关系有待进一步研究。     

胰岛素抵抗,高脂血症与急性缺血性脑卒中

目的了解胰岛素抵抗和血脂异常是否是脑梗塞的致病因素。方法对４１例动脉硬化性血栓性脑梗塞（ＡＴＣＩ）、３４例腔隙梗塞、２４例脑栓塞病人急性期作血糖、胰岛素动态测定及血脂、脂蛋白、载脂蛋白测定，并与２３例健康对照组比较。结果三组病人血胰岛素均增高，ＡＴＣＩ、腔隙梗塞组血糖比对照组和脑栓塞组显著增高。增高的血糖、胰岛素随病程进展而逐渐下降。ＡＴＣＩ病人ＴＧ、ＬＤＬＣＨ、ＡｐｏＢ比对照组、脑栓塞组明显增高，ＡｐｏＡ则明显降低。结论ＡＴＣＩ患者急性期存在代偿性高胰岛素血症和应激性高血糖；胰岛素抵抗和血脂异常可能作为一重要病因参与脑梗塞的形成     

多梗塞性痴呆病人血浆内皮素和红细胞变形能力的研究

观察３６例多梗塞性痴呆和２０例非痴呆病人血浆内皮素含量和红细胞变形能力，并与２５例健康对照组比较。结果：（１）痴呆组和非痴呆组血浆内皮素含量均明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．００１；＜０．０１）；（２）两组红细胞变形能力均明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．００１；＜０．０５），而痴呆组又明显低于非痴呆组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。认为：血浆内皮素增高和红细胞变形能力下降与痴呆的形成和发展有关。     

动脉粥样硬化性血栓性脑梗塞患者血浆氧化修饰低密度蛋白 …

目的 探讨氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白（ＯＸ－ＬＤＬ）与动脉粥样硬化性血栓性脑梗塞（ＡＴＣＩ）发生,发展的关系。方法 应用酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）双抗夹心法检测了８３例ＡＴＣＩ患者血浆ＯＸ－ＬＤＬ含量变化。结果 （１）ＡＴＣＩ组血浆ＯＸ－ＬＤＬ水平显著高于正常对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）;血浆ＯＸ－ＬＤＬ水平变化与病程有关,但与梗塞部位无关。（２）ＡＴＣＩ患者血浆ＯＸ－ＬＤＬ水平与血糖、血胆固醇呈正相关。     

急性脑血管病患者血浆,脑脊液生长抑制水平的研究

目的 探讨了生长抑素（ＳＳ）与急性脑血管病的关系。方法 用放射免疫分析法检测６６例急性脑梗死（ＡＣＩ）、４３例急性脑出血（ＡＣＨ）、１５例急性蛛风下腔出血（ＳＡＨ）患者及４０例对照者的血浆ＳＳ含量，同时测定部分患者及对照者的脑脊液ＳＳ含量，并观察其动态变化。结果 急性脑血管病患者血浆ＳＳ含量均高于对照组，其中尤以ＡＣＩ组及ＳＡＨ组比对照组差异更显著（Ｐ〈０．０５，Ｐ〈０．０１），脑脊液ＳＳ含量均显     

阿尔茨海默病患者脑脊液中Tau蛋白的含量及意义

目的：Ａｌｚｈｅｉｍｅｒ病（ＡＤ）实验室诊断指标测定。方法：ＥＬＩＳＡ测定４０例ＡＤ患者,２６例梗塞性痴呆（ＭＩＤ）患者,５８例正常人脑脊液Ｔａｕ含量。结果ＡＤ患者、ＭＩＤ患者脑脊液Ｔａｕ 蛋白含量均明显高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．００１）,而ＡＤ组与ＭＩＤ组差别无统计意义（Ｐ＞０．０５）。ＡＤ组Ｔａｕ蛋白含量与病程呈正相关关系（Ｐ＜０．０１,ｒ＝０．４４）,ＭＩＤ组未发现此相关关系（Ｐ＞０．ｌ）．三组测定值与年龄均无相关关系。结论：Ｔａｕ蛋白含量在 ＡＤ患者脑脊液中明显升高,在 ＭＩＤ组亦增高,故单纯测定Ｔａｕ蛋白难以鉴别ＡＤ和ＭＩＤ。作者单位：卫生部课题资助基金（批准编号：９４－１－２４６,卫生部九五攻关课题）     

不同部位脑梗死病人脑脊液vWF含量的研究

目的：探讨ＣＳＦｖＷＦ含量变化及在不同部位脑梗死诊断中的临床价值。方法：应用双抗体夹心固相酶联免疫吸附法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）检测５０例脑梗死患者和５０例健康对照组ＣＳＦ和血浆ｖＷＦ含量。结果：ＥＬＩＳＡ法能敏感、快速、准确地检测ＣＳＦｖＷＦ的含量，病人组ＣＳＦ的含量。病人组ＣＳＦ和血浆ｖＷＦ水平较对照组明显增高（Ｐ〈０．００１），但在不同部位脑梗死中ＣＳＦｖＷＦ含量变化可各有特点，而血浆ｖＷＦ水平无明显     

脑血管病患者血清及红细胞膜唾液酸含量研究

本文测定了３８例脑血管病患者和２６例正常人血清及红细胞膜ＳＡ含量，结果，脑血管病患者血清ＴＳＡ含量明显高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１），红细胞膜ＳＡ含量明显低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５），且出血量及梗塞灶大小与血清ＴＳＡ呈正相关（Ｐ〈０．０５），与红细胞膜ＳＡ含量呈负相关（Ｐ〈０．０１），恢复期患者的血清ＴＳＡ显著低于急性期（Ｐ〈０．０５），其红细胞膜ＳＡ含量极显著高于急性期患者（Ｐ〈０．０１）。恢复期患者     

动脉粥样硬化性血栓性脑梗塞患者血浆氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白含量的研究

目的探讨氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白（ＯＸ－ＬＤＬ）与动脉粥样硬化性血栓性脑梗塞（ＡＴＣＩ）发生、发展的关系。方法应用酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）双抗夹心法检测了８３例ＡＴＣＩ患者血浆ＯＸ－ＬＤＬ含量变化。结果（１）ＡＴＣＩ组血浆ＯＸ－ＬＤＬ水平显著高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）;血浆ＯＸ－ＬＤＬ水平变化与病程有关,但与梗塞部位无关。（２）ＡＴＣＩ患者血浆ＯＸ－ＬＤＬ水平与血糖、血胆固醇呈正相关。结论ＯＸ－ＬＤＬ可能参与了ＡＴＣＩ的发生和发展过程。     

Relation between MRI features and dementia in cerebrovascular disease patients with leukoaraiosis: A longitudinal study

We examined selective MRI features (localization and degree of white matter abnormalities, cortical and subcortical atrophy) in relation to cognitive decline in patients with cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and leukoaraiosis (LA). We enrolled 6 female and 18 male CVD patients (mean age 66.2 ± 6.6 years) whose Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) revealed LA and who displayed a history of stroke or TIA; none showed signs of cortical infarcts or normal pressure hydrocephalus. Two blind raters independently scored MRI scans with a high level of agreement. All patients underwent extensive clinico-neuropsychological assessment upon admission to the study and 19 were followed for an average of 48 ± 7.6 months. Twelve patients were initially classified as non-demented and 12 as demented. Three years later, one in the former group had become demented and mental impairment had worsened for 6 patients in the latter group; these 7 subjects were labeled as “decliners”. Ventricular indexes were significantly higher in the demented group and correlated with severity of mental impairment, while the degree of LA was similar in demented and non-demented subjects. Neither white matter lesions nor sulcal and ventricular enlargement differed statistically between decliners and non-decliners.     

Verb and noun generation tasks in Huntington's disease.

We compared noun- and verb-generation tasks in a demented group (n = 9, Dementia Rating Scale < or = 129) and in a non-demented group (n = 17, Dementia Rating Scale > 129) of Huntington's disease (HD) patients compared to 26 matched normal subjects. We did not find a specific deficit for verb production in non-demented patients who had a performance similar to but weaker than that of the controls across the four tasks. The profile of results was different in the demented group because, apart from a global deficit whatever the task in comparison with both non-demented and control groups, the demented patients exhibited increased difficulties in the two tasks implying verb production. The deficit of verb production observed in demented HD patients is discussed in relation to the damage to the motor loop in HD patients at later stages of disease.     

缺血性脑白质疏松症危险因素的临床研究

目的基于头部MRI检查,通过分析伴发和不伴发脑白质疏松症(Leukoaraiosis,LA)的腔隙性脑梗死患者常见临床危险因素之间的差异,探讨LA可能的发病机制。方法经1.5TMRI检查证实的腔隙性脑梗死患者386例,分为单纯腔隙性脑梗死组(Isolated lacunar infarction,LI组)和伴发脑白质疏松症组(Lacunar infarctionwith leukoaraiosis,LA组),对两组的临床资料进行回顾性分析,详细记录两组的年龄、性别,有无高血压、2型糖尿病、冠心病、心房颤动、颈动脉粥样硬化、脑动脉硬化、高甘油三酯血症、高胆固醇血症、高尿酸血症和贫血等病史。结果LI组212例(54.9%),年龄32~91岁,平均61.05±11.95岁,LA组174例(45.1%),年龄38~98岁,平均68.52±9.59岁。在单因素分析中,LA组高龄、高血压、脑动脉硬化和2型糖尿病的发生率与LI组相比均有高度显著性差异(P<0.01)。在多因素Logistic回归分析中,脑动脉硬化、高血压、高龄为LA独立的危险因素,2型糖尿病不是独立危险因素。结论脑动脉硬化、高血压、高龄与LA的发病机制有着...     

载脂蛋白E基因多态性与腔隙性梗死关系的研究

目的:探讨载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因多态性与腔隙性梗死(lacunarinfarction)的相关性。方法:采用病例对照研究,对105例中老年腔隙性梗死患者和322例健康对照者进行研究。用多聚合酶链式反应(PCR)和限制性片段长度多态性测定ApoE基因多态性。结果:对照组ApoE基因的等位基因频率为e210%、e382.4%和e47.6%;腔隙性脑梗死组的等位基因频率为e28.2%、e384.3%和e47.5%。ApoE各基因型和等位基因频率在腔隙性脑梗死和对照组之间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:未发现ApoE基因多态性与腔隙性梗死存在相关关系。     

Resting state oscillatory brain dynamics in Parkinson's disease: an MEG study.

OBJECTIVE: The pathophysiological mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction and dementia in Parkinson's disease (PD) are still poorly understood. Altered resting state oscillatory brain activity may reflect underlying neuropathological changes. The present study using magneto encephalography (MEG) was set up to study differences in the pattern of resting state oscillatory brain activity in groups of demented and non-demented PD patients and healthy, elderly controls. METHODS: The pattern of MEG background oscillatory activity was studied in 13 demented PD patients, 13 non-demented PD patients and 13 healthy controls. Whole head MEG recordings were obtained in the morning in an eyes closed and an eyes open, resting state condition. Relative spectral power was calculated using Fast Fourier Transformation in delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma frequency bands. RESULTS: In the non-demented PD patients, relative theta power was diffusely increased and beta power concomitantly decreased relative to controls. gamma Power was decreased in central and parietal channels. In the demented PD patients, a diffuse increase in relative delta and to lesser extent theta power and a decrease in relative alpha, beta and to lesser extent gamma power were found in comparison to the non-demented PD group. In addition, reactivity to eye opening was much reduced in the demented PD group. CONCLUSIONS: Parkinson's disease is characterized by a slowing of resting state brain activity involving theta, beta and gamma frequency bands. Dementia in PD is associated with a further slowing of resting state brain activity, additionally involving delta and alpha bands, as well as a reduction in reactivity to eye-opening. SIGNIFICANCE: The differential patterns of slowing of resting state brain activity in demented and non-demented PD patients suggests that, in conjunction with a progression of the pathological changes already present in non-demented patients, additional mechanisms are involved in the development of dementia in PD.     

Magnetization transfer ratio in cerebral white matter lesions of Binswanger's disease.

We measured the magnetization transfer (MT) ratios in white matter lesions of Binswanger's disease (BD) and compared them with BD and with similar-appearing changes in non-demented elderly subjects and cerebral infarction. Four subject groups were studied: 30 patients with BD and periventricular hyperintensity (PVH) on MRI, 29 patients with ischemic cerebrovascular event with PVH but no dementia, 17 patients with old cerebral infarction, and 26 elderly control subjects. MT ratios were calculated for areas of PVH in BD and non-demented subjects, of infarction, and of normal-appearing white matter in controls. The decrease in MT ratios for areas in PVH of non-demented subjects and BD and in infarction compared with normal white matter in controls was 12, 20, and 35%, respectively. The MT ratio in PVH of BD was significantly lower than that in PVH of non-demented subjects, but not to the levels seen in areas of infarction. There was a significant high correlation between the Mini-Mental State Examination score and MT ratio for area of PVH (r = 0.790). MT ratio distinguishes PVH in BD patients from those in non-demented subjects, suggesting underlying histopathological differences. Tissue damage in white matter lesions of BD may be more severe than that in non-demented subjects, but not as much as with complete infarction.     

Endogenous event-related potentials as indices of dementia in multiple sclerosis patients.

Auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in a "double oddball" paradigm requiring an easy and a hard pitch discrimination from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with and without dementia, and a group of age and sex matched normal subjects. Cognitive function was assessed by a short battery of neuropsychologic (NP) tests, and the two groups of MS patients were selected on the basis of substantial non-overlapping degrees of cognitive deficit in the demented as compared to the non-demented group. The N100, P200 and P300 ERP components were longer in latency in the demented patients, and the N100-P300 interval was prolonged as well, compared to the non-demented patients, whose ERP latencies did not differ from those of the normal subjects. Increased P300 latency was associated with poorer performance on the NP tests, especially those sensitive to impairment of learning and retrieval from memory. The reaction times of both patient groups were prolonged as compared to the controls, whereas the accuracy of the demented patients was significantly poorer than that of the non-demented patients.     

Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in frontal cortex and cerebrospinal fluid of demented and non-demented patients with Parkinson's disease

The molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterasse (BChE) were studied in frontal cortex (grey and white matter), postmortem, and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of demented patients with Parkinson's diesease compared to controls and non-demented parkinsonians. In the frontal cortex, AChE activity decreased significantly in both demented and non-demented parkinsonian subjects compared to controls; the 10S form of the enzyme was significantly lower in demented parkinsonians than in the non-demented subjects. The decrease in AChE activity was correlated with a decrease in choline acetyltransferase activity thought to reflect lesion of cholinergic neurones in the substantia innominata which innervate the cerebral cortex. BChE activity decreased only in the non-demented parkinsonians; in the demented subjects, BChE activity was at control levels. Similar results were obtained with grey and white matter, although absolute levels of the two enzymes were different in the two types of tissue, suggesting that the enzymes were affected in the cholinergic neurones before transport to cortical nerve terminals. No decreases in AChE or BChE activity were observed in the CSF of the patients studied. On the contrary, AChE and BChE levels were significantly higher in demented parkinsonian patients compared to the non-demented subjects.     

Alpha-synuclein pathology is highly dependent on the case selection

Lewy bodies and dystrophic neurites have been considered a common substrate for dementia, but they are also frequently found in the normal elderly population. The primary component of this pathology involves alpha-synuclein. The main objective of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of alpha-synuclein pathology in aged population, and to assess its relative significance in relation to dementia. The study also investigated whether differences could be detected in alpha-synuclein pathology in relation to age, gender or concomitant Alzheimer's pathology. Furthermore, the influence of sampling strategies was analysed. Alpha-synuclein pathology was assessed using immunohistochemistry in well-characterized post-mortem material. The investigation included patients from a longitudinal study of dementia of Alzheimer's type (n = 103, 85% demented), subjects from a prospective longitudinal clinical study of ageing (n = 69, 29% demented), a cohort of consecutive clinical post-mortem cases collected for 1 year (n = 262, 12% demented), a sample of forensic post-mortem cases collected for 6 months (n = 121, 15% demented) and a sample of Brain Bank material (n = 234, 26% demented). Overall, alpha-synuclein pathology was found in 14% of all 774 subjects over 40 years of age, and this percentage varied from 8% to 27% according to sampling strategies. These results indicate that the prevalence of alpha-synuclein pathology clearly depends on the selection of material. Furthermore alpha-synuclein pathology was found in 23% of clinically demented patients and in 11% of non-demented subjects. The load of alpha-synuclein pathology was significantly greater in the demented patients versus non-demented subjects indicating that alpha-synuclein pathology is indeed of importance in the pathogenesis of dementia.     

Ageing in adults with Down's syndrome in institutionally based and community-based residences

Seventy-one subjects with Down's syndrome (DS), between the ages of 29 and 68 years, and 46 matched controls (without DS) were examined for intelligence, memory (short- and long-term memory, and spatial and temporal orientation), communication (receptive, expressive and written language) and daily living skills (personal, domestic and community daily living skills). All subjects were screened on hearing and visual functions, thyroid functions; depression and dementia. DS-subjects and controls were matched on chronological age, mental age, living conditions and male/female ratio. Comparisons were made between five subgroups (I) non-demented institutionalized subjects with DS (DSI-group; n=35); (2) non-demented institutionalized controls without DS (Ci-group; n=22); (3) demented institutionalized subjects with DS (n= 10); (4) non-demented subjects with DS living in group homes (DSg; n=26); and (5) non-demented controls without DS living in group homes (Cg; n=24). Institutionalized and non-institutionalized subjects, as well as demented and non-demented subjects differed significantly on all functions measured. Multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the influence of age and sensory deficits on adaptive and cognitive functioning. In DSg subjects, significant associations were found between age and mental age, and between age and performances on written language. In (non-demented) DSi subjects, significant relations were found between age and memory functions observed in daily circumstances. Moreover, in the (non-demented) DSi elderly, visual impairment was significantly related to depressed performance on daily living skills. No age effects were seen in control subjects. Infirmities of old age like dementia and sensory deficits were far more common in people with DS than in controls. Psychiatric and diagnostic aspects of clinical depression and dementia were emphasized in particular.