GnRHa降调节后月经第3天的FSH/LH比值预测卵巢的反应性

目的探索促性腺激素释放激素激动剂（GnRHa）降调节后月经第3天的血卵泡刺激素（FSH）/黄体生成素（LH）比值在控制性超排卵（COH）中预测卵巢反应性的价值。方法用全自动酶联免疫分析法检测439个COH周期的基础血卵泡刺激素值和GnRHa降调节后月经第3天的FSH、LH值，分析Gn-RHa降调节后月经第3天的FSH/LH比值与成熟卵泡数、临床妊娠率等的关系；并比较FSH/LH比值、基础血卵泡刺激素、降调节后月经第3天的FSH值与成熟卵泡数的关系；同时按FSH/LH比值将439个周期分为四组：FSH/LH≤1，13，分析各组之间年龄、促性腺激素用量、成熟卵泡数、FSH、LH、受精数、卵裂数、临床妊娠率等的差异。结果GnRHa降调后FSH/LH比值与GnRHa降调节后月经第3天的FSH值与成熟卵泡数均成显著性负相关（r=-0.368；r=-0.219）；基础血卵泡刺激素与成熟卵泡数成不显著性负相关（r=-0.160）。FSH/LH比值对临床妊娠率有显著性影响（P=0.012）。在卵巢低反应组和正常反应组，FSH/LH比值具有显著性差异（P=0.016）。另外，在四组中，2〈FSH／LH≤3组的成熟卵泡数、临床妊娠率等显著高于其他三组。结论GnRHa降调节后血卵泡刺激素（FSH）／黄体生成素（LH）比值用于预测卵巢的反应性较血卵泡刺激素更敏感，可以用于作为判断COH结果的预测指标。     

不同年龄段不孕患者控制性超排卵中卵巢低反应的预测

目的研究不同年龄段不孕患者超排卵过程中卵巢低反应的发生情况,探讨不同年龄段患者卵巢低反应的相关因素及比较各预测指标的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析中山大学附属孙逸仙医院生殖医学中心2424个体外受精/卵细胞浆内单精子注射（IVF/ICSI）周期。按年龄分为4组,比较各组卵巢低反应的发生率及妊娠率;logistic回归分析基础FSH、基础LH、基础E2、窦卵泡数（AFC）、卵巢容积和BMI等与卵巢低反应的相关性,并根据回归结果计算联合指标的ROC曲线。结果 18～30岁组不孕患者卵巢低反应率为9.0%（77/852）,基础FSH与AFC联合预测卵巢低反应的ROC曲线下面积为0.726;31～35岁组卵巢低反应率为19.7%（172/871）,基础FSH、基础LH、AFC联合预测卵巢低反应的ROC曲线下面积为0.789;36～40岁组卵巢低反应率34.9%（190/545）,基础FSH、卵巢体积、AFC和年龄联合预测卵巢低反应的ROC曲线下面积为0.831;≥41岁组卵巢低反应率为69.2%（108/156）,AFC预测卵巢低反应的ROC曲线下面积为0.809。结论随着年龄增大,卵巢低反应发生率增加、妊娠率下降;不同年龄段预测卵巢低反应的指标不同,综合多指标的预测价值较单一指标预测价值高,建议综合多个有效指标评估卵巢的反应性。     

影响冻融胚胎移植结果的因素分析

目的探讨血清激素水平与冻融胚胎移植的关系，寻找预测胚胎移植结果的指标和提高临床妊娠率的方法。方法 回顾性分析2003年3～12月本中心进行冻融胚胎移植的385个周期。结果 （1）女方年龄≤35岁和〉35岁组临床妊娠率分别为19．9％（63／316）和15．9％（11／69）；自然周期和激素替代周期临床妊娠率分别为19．2％（52／271）和19．3％（22／114），差异均无显著性（P〉0．05）。（2）年龄、优质胚胎数目和评分、冻融胚胎移植数目和评分、移植周期类型与移植结果无显著相关性（P值均〉0．05）。（3）自然周期中妊娠组和非妊娠组LH峰值日和胚胎移植日血清LH、E2、P、E2/P值差异均无显著性（P〉0．05）；激素替代周期中胚胎移植日妊娠组E2水平（184pg／ml）显著高于非妊娠组（130pg.ml）（P=0．015）。结论激素替代周期胚胎移植日血清E2水平可作为预测冻融胚胎移植结果的指标，提高胚胎移植日血清E2水平有助于提高妊娠率。     

卵巢高反应对体外受精-胚胎移植的影响

目的探讨体外受精-胚胎移植周期控制性超排卵（COH）中卵巢高反应对妊娠结局的影响。方法回顾性分析中山大学附属第二医院生殖中心1082个IVF／ICSI周期的临床资料，根据HCG注射日血E2〉11010pmol／L或获卵数〉15个定义为高反应组，HCG注射日血E2〉1835pmol／L，且获卵数5～15个为正常反应组，比较两组的妊娠结局。结果与正常反应组相比，高反应组获得的优质胚胎数显著增多（P〈0．001），但两者的受精率、卵裂率、胚胎种植率、临床妊娠率、流产率比较，差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论COH中卵巢高反应对妊娠结局无明显影响，但需注意预防卵巢过度刺激综合征的发生.     

5865例IVF/ICSI-ET患者基础窦卵泡数预测卵巢储备功能的价值

目的:探索基础窦卵泡数(antralfolliclecount,AFC)预测卵巢储备功能的价值。方法:回顾性分析5865例应用长方案行IVF/ICSI-ET患者的临床资料。结果:①AFC与Gn用量呈非常显著负相关(r=-0.47,P<0.05),与成熟卵泡呈显著正相关(r=0.53,P<0.05)。②AFC预测卵巢反应不良率及妊娠率的ROC曲线下面积AUCl、AUC2值分别为0.86(95%CI=0.84～0.88)及0.56(95%CI=0.54～0.57),均显著大于参考值(P均<0.05)。并且,AUCl>AUC2,差异有统计学意义(Z=19.5,P<0.05)。③依据ROC曲线计算AFC预测卵巢储备功能的截断值为<10。AFC≥10组的Gn用量以及卵巢反应不良率均低于AFC<10组,差异显著(P<0.05);AFC≥10组的成熟卵泡数及妊娠率均高于AFC<10组,差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:AFC是一良好的评估卵巢储备功能的指标。且对于卵巢反应性的预测价值优于对IVF结局的预测。AFC预测卵巢储备功能的界定值为<10。     

拮抗剂方案中卵泡期促黄体生成素水平对不同卵巢反应者体外受精-胚胎移植结局的影响

目的探寻拮抗剂方案中添加拮抗剂的最佳时机及人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)注射日合理的促黄体生成素(LH)水平区间。方法回顾性队列研究分析1 327例拮抗剂方案的取卵周期资料,根据基础窦卵泡数(AFC)将卵巢反应性依次分为卵巢低反应组(AFC≤5,n=278)、卵巢正常反应组(6≤AFC≤15,n=756)、卵巢高反应组(AFC≥16,n=293),并根据拮抗剂添加日及hCG注射日的LH水平再分组比较临床结局。结果 (1)在拮抗剂添加日,不同卵巢反应者LH5 IU/L及≥5 IU/L组的妊娠结局差异均无统计学意义,但卵巢低反应者在LH≥5 IU/L时开始添加拮抗剂可能获得较高的优质胚胎率,卵巢正常反应者在LH≥5 IU/L时开始添加拮抗剂Gn使用时间较少。(2)在hCG注射日不同卵巢反应者的LH水平对其妊娠结局均无影响。结论拮抗剂添加日LH水平及hCG注射日LH水平均不影响拮抗剂方案的临床妊娠率,但不同卵巢反应者卵泡期适合的LH水平可能有所不同。     

基础激素水平在判断卵巢储备功能中的作用

目的探讨不孕症患者基础激素水平在判断卵巢储备功能中的作用。方法采用放射免疫方法测定６０例１１２个促排卵周期周期第２天血卵泡刺激素（ＦＳＨ）、黄体生成素（ＬＨ）及雌二醇（Ｅ２）水平,Ｂ超观察卵泡发育情况,监测有无妊娠发生,分析基础激素水平与卵巢反应性、优势卵泡数目及周期妊娠率的关系。结果周期第２天血ＦＳＨ≥１５ＩＵ／Ｌ者,卵巢反应性差发生率高,优势卵泡数目少,周期妊娠率低。周期第２天血Ｅ２≥４５ｎｇ／Ｌ者,周期妊娠率低于血Ｅ２＜４５ｎｇ／Ｌ者。周期第２天血ＬＨ值与周期妊娠率无关。结论周期第２天血ＦＳＨ可作为判断卵巢储备功能的指标,而周期第２天血Ｅ２值对血ＦＳＨ值判断卵巢储备功能有辅助作用。     

基础雄激素及卵泡液雄激素水平与卵巢反应性及妊娠结局关系的探讨

目的:探讨基础雄激素及卵泡液雄激素水平与卵巢反应性及妊娠结局的关系。方法:选取行IVF/ICSI助孕治疗的130例不孕症女性,将研究对象分为卵巢储备功能低下组、卵巢储备功能正常组。ELISA法检测基础雄激素及卵泡液中睾酮浓度。结果:卵巢储备功能低下组中,卵巢低反应组与正常反应组的基础雄激素水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.037);两组卵泡液中雄激素水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.475)。卵巢储备功能正常组中,卵巢低反应组与正常反应组的基础雄激素水平及卵泡液雄激素水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P=0.426,P=0.594)。20例进行新鲜周期移植的卵巢储备功能低下患者中,未妊娠组与妊娠组基础雄激素水平及卵泡液中雄激素水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P=0.400,P=0.656)。89例进行新鲜周期移植的卵巢储备功能正常患者中,未妊娠组与妊娠组的基础雄激素水平及卵泡液中雄激素水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P=0.380,P=0.930)。结论:卵巢储备功能低下患者,基础雄激素水平与卵巢反应性相关,而与妊娠结局无关;卵泡液中雄激素水平与卵巢反应性和妊娠结局无关。卵巢储备功能正常患者,基础雄激素和卵泡液中雄激素均与卵巢反应性及妊娠结局无关。     

卵巢反应不良患者由IVF转做IUI临床效果分析

目的 探讨卵巢反应不良患者由IVF转做IUI的临床效果，并讨论卵巢反应不良的原因和治疗措施。方法 IVF—ET治疗的患者，在控制超排卵治疗中发生卵巢反应不良由IVF转做IUI共6例。对卵巢反应不良者超排卵治疗至卵泡成熟，直径≥18mm卵泡至少2个，≥14mm卵泡4个以下时，注射HCG（绒毛膜促性腺激素）10000IU，24～36h后IUI治疗。结果 1例妊娠，妊娠率16．67％（1／6）。结论 在IVF周期超排卵治疗卵巢反应不良行中，至少有一侧输卵管正常的患者由IVF转做IUI是有效的，该方法是卵巢反应不良者治疗的另一种较好的选择。     

雌二醇和口服避孕药在卵巢反应不良患者前期预处理中的作用

目的探讨雌二醇和口服避孕药前期预处理对体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF-ET）过程中卵巢反应不良患者的意义。方法将2007年1月至2009年2月北京大学第三医院生殖中心152例体外受精-胚胎移植过程中出现卵巢反应不良的患者分为3组,前期分别给予口服避孕药（OCP组）、戊酸雌二醇（E2组）和不给予任何药物（对照组）,并对入选患者的临床资料进行分析,评估超促排卵的效果和IVF-ET的结局。结果 OCP组月经第2天〉9mm以上卵泡数明显低于对照组（P=0.023）,E2组周期取消率明显低于对照组（P=0.028）,3组促性腺激素的刺激天数、用药总量、获卵率、受精率和流产率等比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论对卵巢反应不良的患者,IVF-ET前应用OCP和E2可降低周期取消率,临床妊娠率有升高的趋势,口服避孕药和雌二醇预处理对改善卵巢反应不良患者的妊娠结局有益处。     

Differences in female and male perception of information and decision-making in single-embryo transfer in in vitro fertilization in Sweden

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the information and the factors that contribute to the decision to accept and choose single embryo transfer (SET) in females and males. Materials and methods Fifty-four females and males undergoing SET were interviewed separately using a structured questionnaire. Results The women were significantly more satisfied with the information than the men (odds ratio 3.3), but the decision to accept SET was nevertheless more difficult for women (OR 3.1). Only one-third of both female and males were aware of the increased maternal risks with twin pregnancies. There was a tendency that the women who accepted SET had previous children, shorter duration of infertility, and were younger. Cryopreservation of embryos and a good pregnancy chance were important irrespective of gender. Conclusion The female needs more support to choose SET. The male needs better information and further involvement in decision-making. The females were more aware of the fetal risks, but the awareness of the increased maternal risks with twin pregnancies was low. The female need more support to accept and choose single embryo transfer, compared to the male and information should in some areas be directed differently to females and males.     

Non-persistent pesticides in breast milk in an agricultural area in Turkey

Background: Organophosphates, pythyreoids, carbamate pesticides and fungicides are heavily used in agriculture. They may have dangerous effects on newborn health especially on immune system and growth via prenatal transmission by placenta or postnatal transmission by breastfeeding.

Methods: In 2015, 144 non-persistent pesticides in 64 milk samples of 32 mothers were studied by OuEChERS method in liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometer in neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Adana, a city in Cukurova region which is an important agricultural area in Turkey.

Results: Pesticides were detected in milk samples of 11 mothers (34.3%) and 21 (32.8%) of milk samples. In five mothers, fungicides (in 5/10 samples propicanozole-PP, in 4/10 samples bromucanozole-BM), in five mothers, organophosphates (in 10/10 samples primyphosphomethyl-PPM), in one mother, both organophosphates and fungicide (in 1/2 samples PPM and in 1/2 samples buprimate) were detected. However, the estimated daily intakes (EDI) were less than acceptable daily intakes (ADI) for PPM, PP and BM, respectively.

Conclusions: Although pesticides levels in human milk did not exceed the ADIs, we suggest monitoring pesticides in human breast milk especially for newborn health.     

Ovulation induction in in vitro fertilization

The main goal of an in vitro fertilization (IVF) program is to maximize the number of women who become pregnant in any treatment cycle. In order to achieve pregnancy, many steps should be successfully accomplished. The number of mature oocytes that are retrieved and fertilized in a treatment cycle has the major impact on the success rate of the IVF program. The chances of achieving conception increases dramatically when the number of embryos replaced into the uterus increases^1-3. Hence, most IVF treatment programs currently use some combination of ovulation induction agents in order to stimulate and aspirate as many follicles as possible.     

Heterogeneity in alpha-thalassemia interactions in Malays, Chinese and Indians in Malaysia

AIM: Interactions between different determinants of alpha-thalassemia raises considerable problems, particularly during pregnancies where antenatal diagnosis is necessary. This study aims to determine the different types of deletional alpha-thalassemia and Hemoglobin Constant Spring (HbCS), and their frequency in Malays, Chinese and Indians in Malaysia. METHODS: DNA from 650 pregnant women from the Antenatal Clinic of the University of Malaya Medical Center in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia who showed mean cell volume < or =89 fL and/or mean cell hemoglobin < or =28 pg were analyzed for the double alpha-globin gene South-East Asian deletion (--SEA), the -alpha3.7 and -alpha4.2 single alpha-globin gene deletions and HbCS. RESULTS: One hundred and three (15.8%) of the pregnant women were confirmed as alpha-thalassemia carriers: 25 (3.8%) were alpha-thalassemia-1 carriers with the --SEA/alphaalpha genotype, 64 (9.8%) were heterozygous for the -alpha3.7 rightward deletion (-alpha3.7/alphaalpha), four (0.6%) were heterozygous for the -alpha4.2 leftward deletion (-alpha4.2/alphaalpha), nine (1.4%) were heterozygous for HbCS (alphaCSalpha/alphaalpha) and one (0.2%) was compound heterozygous with the -alpha3.7/alphaCSalpha genotype. The double alpha-globin gene --SEA deletion was significantly higher in the Chinese (15%) compared to the Malays (2.5%) and not detected in the Indians studied. The -alpha3.7 deletion was distributed equally in the three races. HbCS and -alpha4.2 was observed only in the Malays. CONCLUSION: The data obtained gives a better understanding of the interactions of the different alpha-thalassemia determinants in the different ethnic groups, thus enabling more rapid and specific confirmation of alpha-thalassemia in affected pregnancies where antenatal diagnosis is necessary.     

缺氧缺血性脑病的性别差异性研究进展

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy,HIE)是指围产期窒息缺氧导致的脑缺氧缺血性损害,可遗留不同程度的神经系统后遗症。动物研究表明,缺氧缺血性损伤后,炎性反应、氧化应激和细胞死亡途径等关键病理生理过程中存在明显的性别差异,雌性动物对亚低温、促红细胞生成素、脑源性营养因子和别嘌呤醇等治疗效果也明显优于雄性。临床研究发现男性HIE患儿病情更重、预后更差。基于性别的治疗干预很有可能在围产期脑损伤中提供更好的神经保护。本文总结了目前HIE性别差异性的相关证据,以期为临床治疗提供新思路。     

Trends in preterm birth in singleton deliveries in a Hong Kong population

Objective

To examine trends in preterm birth and its relationship with perinatal mortality in Hong Kong.

Methods

In a retrospective cohort study, data were reviewed from singletons delivered between 1995 and 2011 at a university teaching hospital. Trends in preterm birth (between 24 and 36 weeks of pregnancy), perinatal mortality, and subtypes of preterm birth (spontaneous, iatrogenic, and following preterm premature rupture of membranes [PPROM]) were examined via linear regression.

Results

There were 103 364 singleton deliveries, of which 6722 (6.5%) occurred preterm, including 1835 (1.8%) early preterm births (24–33 weeks) and 4887 (4.7%) late preterm births (34–36 weeks). Frequency of preterm birth remained fairly consistent over the study period, but that of spontaneous preterm birth decreased by 25% (β = –0.83; P < 0.001), from 4.5% to 3.8%. Frequency of preterm birth following PPROM increased by 135% (β = 0.82; P < 0.001), from 0.7% to 1.7%. The perinatal mortality rate decreased from 56.7 to 37.0 deaths per 1000 deliveries before 37 weeks (β = –0.16; P = 0.54). Early preterm birth contributed to 16.0% of all deaths.

Conclusion

Although the overall rate of preterm birth in Hong Kong has remained constant, the frequencies of its subtypes have changed. Overall perinatal mortality is gradually decreasing, but early preterm birth remains a major contributor.