细胞粘附分子在放射线致正常组织损伤中的作用

放射线辐照引起白细胞渗出，是放疗后组织萎缩、坏死的重要原因，严重影响放疗的安全性。细胞粘附分子在介导白细胞渗出中起着重要作用。本就对细胞粘附分子的影响进行了综述，并对着眼于粘附分子的辐射损伤防治策略的应用前景作了简要介绍。     

体外照射后人骨髓微环境中粘附分子的表达

粘附分子是人骨髓微环境的重要组成成分。虽然造血细胞和基质细胞的辐射敏感性已被广泛研究,但辐射对微环境功能的影响,尤其是对粘附分子表达的影响却很少研究。伴有TNF-α(种瘤坏死因子-α)和IL-1(白细胞介素-1)产生的炎症反应是照后最重要的机体反应之一。因此,集中研究了与炎症相关的粘附分子ELAM-1(内皮细胞.白细胞粘附分乎-1)、VCAM-1(血管内皮细胞粘附分子-1)和ICAM-1(细胞间粘附分子-1)。     

白细胞与内皮细胞粘附的分子基础

白细胞与内皮细胞粘附的分子基础林海关键词白细胞血管内皮细胞粘附细胞粘附分子中图法分类号Ｒ５５７近年来，随着血管内皮细胞体外传代培养技术的日益成熟以及分子生物学技术的广泛应用，有关细胞粘附分子的研究取得了迅速的发展。细胞粘附分子是一类介导细胞间粘附的糖...     

运动与细胞粘附分子研究进展

尽管运动免疫学作为一门新兴的学科诞生只有十几年的时间,但有关运动调节机体免疫功能机制的研究却有了飞速的发展。运动可以显著改变血液循环中白细胞的数量,从而在一定程度上导致了机体免疫功能的增强或抑制。近年来,又有大量的证据表明,白细胞表面粘附分子表达的改变在白细胞的重新分配中起重要作用,而且这种改变可能是由运动所诱导的儿茶酚胺或其他细胞因子的分泌所介导。本文综述了不同类型体育运动所诱导的细胞粘附分子发生的重要改变及可能的作用机制,并讨论了其在动脉粥样硬化等多种病理条件下可能的临床应用。1运动与白细胞重新分…     

大鼠慢性支气管炎模型白细胞L-选择素mRNA的表达及皮质激素对其影响的研究

细胞粘附分子(CAMS)是一类介导细胞与细胞、细胞与细胞外基质相互粘附的糖蛋白.选择素主要介导白细胞与血管内皮细胞的最初粘附及沿血管壁滚动的过程.本实验采用原位杂交法[1],检测大鼠慢性支气管炎模型支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)白细胞L-选择素的表达,及皮质激素对其表达的影响.     

电离辐射对血管内皮细胞与白细胞粘附的影响

电离辐射在体内外可引起白细胞与受照血管内皮细胞的粘附增加,这与照射后正常组织的放射反应或损伤有关,细胞间粘附分子（ICAM－1）及E－选择素等表达上调可能是其重要机制,转录因子NF－κB可调节这些粘附分子的表达,相应的拮抗剂可抑制电离辐射引起的粘附增强效应。     

60Coγ射线照射对血管内皮细胞CD31表达的影响

白细胞在血管内皮细胞上粘附、透过增加是射线照射引起组织病变的特征之一。浸润白细胞释放的炎性介质 ,可加重对血管内皮细胞及其粘附连接的破坏 ,甚至成为组织继发炎性损伤、纤维化、坏死的重要原因。研究白细胞在受照内皮细胞上迁移浸润的分子机理 ,对深入认识放射性致组织损伤的病变机理 ,寻找预防、阻止组织继发损伤病理进程的有效方法 ,有积极意义。本实验通过照射体外培养的血管内皮细胞 ,观测粘附分子ＣＤ31(血小板内皮细胞粘附分子 1,ＰＥ ＣＡＭ 1)的表达变化 ,及ＣＤ31单抗对单核样细胞在受照的内皮细胞上迁移的干预 ,探讨ＣＤ31…     

胃粘膜组织粘附分子CD44(V6)及细胞外基质糖蛋白Tenascin的表达

近年来研究表明，肿瘤细胞膜表面粘附分子、细胞外基质成分的相互作用可能在肿瘤的发生、浸润、转移中起重要作用〔１〕。因此同步检测细胞粘附分子及细胞外基质成分的异常改变对于揭示肿瘤发生、演进的机制具有重要意义。作者对不同病理阶段胃粘膜组织中粘附分子ＣＤ４４...     

电离辐射对血管内皮细胞与白细胞粘附的影响

电离辐射在体内外可引起白细胞与受照血管内皮细胞的粘附增加,这与照射后正常组织的放射反应或损伤有关,细胞间粘附分子(ICAM-1)及E-选择素等表达上调可能是其重要机制,转录因子NF-κB可调节这些粘附分子的表达,相应的拮抗剂可抑制电离辐射引起的粘附增强效应。     

细胞间粘附分子重组蛋白的表达与单克隆抗体的制备

细胞间粘附分子 (ｉｎｔｅｒｃｅｌｌｕｌａｒａｄｈｅｓｉｏｎｍｏｌｅｃｕｌｅ 1,ＩＣＡＭ 1)是属于免疫球蛋白超家族的一类粘附分子 ,其配体是 β2整合素的两个成员 :ＬＦＡ 1(ＣＤ11ａ/ＣＤ18)和Ｍａｃ 1(ＣＤ11ｂ/ＣＤ18)。ＩＣＡＭ 1与其配体的结合具有重要的免疫学功能 :首先它介导了Ｔ细胞和ＮＫ细胞对靶细胞的杀伤作用 ;其次它还是Ｔ细胞激活的共刺激信号之一 ,在白细胞与血管内皮细胞的粘附中起重要作用 ;另外ＩＣＡＭ 1是鼻病毒的受体 ,还参与肿瘤细胞的转移。ＩＣＡＭ 1已成为抗炎症治疗的重要靶标。本文报道了重组ＩＣＡＭ 1的…     

Lipoma of the pancreas: MRI findings

Lipomas of the pancreas are very rare. Focal fatty infiltration of the pancreas is an entity that should be differentiated from a pancreatic lipoma. In this report the MRI findings of an incidentally found pancreatic lipoma are presented and the role of MRI in the differentiation of pancreatic lipoma and focal fatty infiltration of the pancreas is discussed.     

大鼠慢性脑灌注不足脑内淋巴细胞的浸润

目的：探讨淋巴细胞的浸润在慢性脑灌注不足脑损害中的作用。方法：70只老龄大鼠持久性双侧颈总动脉结扎（2VO），其中12只接爱环孢霉素A（CsA)胃灌治疗。免疫组化法单抗W3／25（抗CO4抗原）。OX8（抗CD8抗原）标记淋巴细胞。实验研究为持久性2VO1－4月。结果：持久性2VO皮层、海马和白质处均有明显的淋巴细胞浸润。1－4月，皮层和海马处淋巴细胞的浸润明显减少，而皮层下白质处淋巴细胞的浸润增多，同时脑损害加重。CsA治疗后淋巴细胞的浸润明显减少，脑损害明显减轻。结论：淋巴细胞的浸润涉及大鼠慢性脑灌注不足脑损害的病理过程，ＣsA可抑制大鼠慢性脑灌注不足脑内淋巴细胞的浸润及脑损害，提示淋巴细胞的浸润在大鼠慢性脑灌注不足脑损害，特别是大脑白质损害中起重要作用。     

Primary eosinophilic enteritis: a case report

Primary eosinophilic enteritis is a rare entity that is characterized by eosinophil infiltration in the different layers of the small bowel. The symptoms depend on the site of infiltration and the layers affected. High blood levels of eosinophils are usually present. Computed tomography plays a fundamental role in the evaluation of this disease. We present a case of primary eosinophilic enteritis diagnosed on the basis of clinical, laboratory, and CT findings.     

恶性血液肿瘤脊柱骨髓弥漫性浸润的动态对比增强MR灌注成像

目的 评价动态对比增强MR灌注成像对恶性血液肿瘤脊柱骨髓弥漫性浸润性病变的诊断价值. 资料与方法 经骨髓组织活检确诊的恶性血液肿瘤26例和20例正常对照者行腰椎动态对比增强MR灌注成像检查.计算峰值增强百分率(Emax)、增强斜率(ES)和到达峰值时间(TTP). 结果 脊柱骨髓弥漫性恶性浸润组与正常对照组间的Emax、ES和TTP均具有显著差异(P<0.01).骨髓轻度浸润和中度浸润之间的Emax、ES和TTP均具有显著差异(P<0.05).骨髓轻度浸润和重度浸润之间的Emax、ES和TTP均具有显著差异(P<0.01).骨髓中度浸润和重度浸润之间的Emax、ES和TTP无显著差异(P>0.05).Emax、ES和骨髓浸润程度之间具有正相关性(P<0.01),TTP和骨髓浸润程度之间具有负相关性(P<0.01). 结论 动态对比增强MR灌注成像可以判断恶性血液肿瘤是否出现脊柱骨髓弥漫性浸润,灌注参数可以反映骨髓肿瘤细胞浸润程度.     

鼻咽癌翼腭窝侵犯的MR影像分析

目的:探讨鼻咽癌翼腭窝侵犯的MRI特征,分析肿瘤组织侵犯翼腭窝及经翼腭窝向周围组织侵犯的途径.方法:回顾性分析61例经病理证实的鼻咽癌伴翼腭窝侵犯患者MRI片,研究其鼻咽部病变、翼腭窝受累情况及其侵犯途径.结果:61例鼻咽癌翼腭窝侵犯中共有65侧病变.最常见翼腭窝受累的MRI表现是翼腭窝破坏、正常形态消失,翼腭窝内异常强化软组织肿块影(39侧),其次为翼腭窝正常或扩大(形态尚在)、翼腭窝正常脂肪信号影消失,被异常软组织影取代(19侧)以及翼腭窝扩大伴上颌神经的异常强化增粗(7侧).61例翼腭窝受累病例中,有33例(54%)合并海绵窦侵犯,17例(28%)侵犯蝶窦,12例(20%)侵犯破裂孔,5例(8%)侵犯眶下裂、2例(3%)卵圆孔受累.7例(11%)出现上颌神经侵犯.结论:翼腭窝受累最易合并海绵窦、蝶窦和破裂孔侵犯.沿上颌神经侵犯是鼻咽癌侵犯翼腭窝的一条重要途径.MRI能有效、准确评价鼻咽癌侵犯翼腭窝及其向周围组织侵犯的情况,对临床治疗方案的选择及预后评估具有重要的价值.     

Mesotheliomas of the pleura and peritoneum

From 1972 and 1982 we observed 6 cases of diffuse pleural mesothelioma and 3 cases of peritoneal mesothelioma in the Department of Internal Medicine of the University of Erlangen-Nürnberg. In 5 of 6 cases one sided noncharacteristic relapsing pleural effusion was the only sign of the pleural tumor process. Only in one case a pleural tumor constallation was diagnosed. Tomography of the lung showed a normal free central bronchial system and peripheral bronchial infiltration or displacement. In all cases CT scans were able to localize the tumor furthermore to demonstrate the exact extension and the infiltration of the mediastinum or of the diaphragm into the abdomen. Beside conventional x-rays such as double contrast examination of the colon and mesenterial angiography CT scans played the major role in diagnosing this rare peritoneal mesothelioma. Massive ascites, mesenterial infiltration, thickening of the mesenterial radix, and tumor embedding of bowel and vessels is of diagnostic significance. To ensure the diagnosis one has to do a thoraco- or laparoscopy.     

Imaging of metabolic bone disease and marrow disorders in children

There are a wide variety of metabolic and infiltrative diseases that involve the bones. Conventional radiography is the primary imaging examination for the initial evaluation of most of these disorders. MR imaging, however, provides detailed information about the bone marrow and is gaining an increasingly important role in the management of disorders of bone marrow infiltration.     

T1 Gd-enhanced compared with CISS sequences in retinoblastoma: superiority of T1 sequences in evaluation of tumour extension

BackgroundAs adequate therapy for retinoblastoma in young children depends on infiltration of extra-retinal structures, diagnostic modalities play an essential role.Methods: In this widely extended study, 80 children with retinoblastoma were studied with MRI (standard fat-suppressed Gd-enhanced T1, T2 thin-slice sequences (additionally with small loop surface coil), constructive interference in steady state (CISS) sequence covering the orbita). The images were analysed by two blinded neuroradiologists. Histology was used as the gold standard.Results: MRI assumed infiltration of extra-retinal structures in 13 of 80 patients of which ten were confirmed by histology. Affected extra-retinal structures were: optic nerve (five, of which two were on CISS and three on T1 with higher image resolution using the surface coil), scleral infiltration (five, of which four on CISS and T1) and ciliary body infiltration (one on CISS and T1). Another 61 enucleated patients did not have any extra-retinal infiltration in histology. The CISS sequence with multiplanar reconstruction was mainly helpful in revealing exact three-dimensional tumour extension with excellent clinical acceptance and pre-surgical planning but T1 fat-suppressed Gd-enhanced images were superior in revealing exact tumour extension.Conclusion: CISS sequences allow to produce excellent anatomical images and to perform multiplanar reconstruction to better demonstrate tumour extension. However, T1-weighted sequences after contrast application are more sensitive (60 versus 40%) in detecting infiltration of the optic nerve but equal in detecting scleral infiltration.     

Fatty infiltration and atrophy of the rotator cuff do not improve after rotator cuff repair and correlate with poor functional outcome

BACKGROUND: The role of degenerative changes in rotator cuff musculature with respect to the functional outcomes of rotator cuff repair have only recently been recognized and are still not well understood. In addition, the reversibility of these changes with repair of the tendons is questionable. HYPOTHESIS: Poorer preoperative muscle quality negatively affects outcome, and a successful outcome (in terms of a healed repair) might demonstrate improvements in fatty infiltration and muscle atrophy. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients (mean age, 62 years) were prospectively evaluated with preoperative and 1-year postoperative clinical examination and appropriate magnetic resonance image sequencing to determine grades of muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles. American Shoulder and Elbow Society (ASES), Constant, and pain scores were determined as well as strength measurements. The retear rate and progression of muscle degeneration were also evaluated. Independent predictors of outcome measurements and cuff integrity were determined. RESULTS: The overall clinical outcome, including ASES, Constant, and pain scores, improved significantly (P < .0001). Strength in forward elevation improved significantly (P < .006), while external rotation strength did not. There was a strongly negative correlation between muscle quality and outcome results in most cases. When the results were adjusted for multivariate effect, muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration of the infraspinatus muscle were the only independent predictors of ASES and Constant scores (P < .03). Tear size and rotator cuff healing did not play an independent role. Tear size, however, was the only independent predictor of ultimate cuff integrity (P = .002). Both atrophy and fatty infiltration progressed significantly over the course of the study. In cases in which the tendon had re-torn, the progression was found to be more significant than when the repair proved successful (P < .003). CONCLUSION: Muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration of the rotator cuff muscles, particularly of the infraspinatus, play a significant role in determining functional outcome after cuff repair. Tear size appears to have the most influential effect on repair integrity. A successful repair did not lead to improvement or reversal of muscle degeneration and a failed repair resulted in significantly more progression. In general, healed repairs demonstrated minimal progression. These findings suggest that repairs should be performed, if possible, before more significant deterioration in the cuff musculature in order to optimize outcomes, and that understanding the degree of muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration before surgery can help guide patient expectations.     

转化生长因子β1在皮肌炎皮肤组织中的表达

目的探讨转化生化因子β1(Transforming growth factor-beta TGF-β1)在皮肌炎发病过程中的可能作用和相关临床意义。方法 18例皮肌炎患者活检皮肤组织(DM组)和17例正常活检皮肤组织(正常组)应用免疫组织化学LsAB法测定TGF-β1,对两组TGF-β1表达含量进行比较。结果 TGF-β1阳性颗粒定位在皮肤组织细胞的胞浆内和胞膜上;在DM组皮肤组织上的TGF-β1表达量显著高于正常组(P<0.05);在肺X线片上,DM患者中有11例肺纹理增多、增粗或纤维化,其TGF-β1分别高于无肺纹理增多、增粗或纤维化的患者和健康对照组(P<0.05)。结论 TGF-β1可能参与皮肌炎的整个发病过程。