军队离退休干部痴呆患病率及危险因素的初步研究

对１４９１人６０岁以上男性军队离退休干部进行痴呆的患病率和危险因素调查。用简易精神状态检查量表（ＭＭＳＥ）进行筛查,以ＤＳＭ－３－Ｒ、ＮＩＮＣＤＳ－ＡＤＲＤＡ、ＮＩＮＤＳ－ＡＩＲＥＮ的标准作为痴呆、Ａｌｚｈｅｉｍｅｒ病（ＡＤ）、血管性痴呆（ＶＤ）的诊断标准。结果显示,ＡＤ、ＶＤ的患病率分别为１．７４％、１．２１％,总患病率为３．６２％;６５岁以上人群患病率分别为１．８４％、１．２７％、３．８２％。     

药物对缺氧细胞内钙离子浓度的影响

目的　比较三磷酸腺苷（ Ａ Ｔ Ｐ） 、三磷酸腺苷－ 氯化镁（ Ａ Ｍ） 、异搏停（ Ｖ Ｅ Ｒ） 和超氧化物歧化酶（ Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ） 防止细胞 Ｈ／ Ｒ 损伤时４５ Ｃａ 内流的效果。方法　应用人类小肠上皮细胞缺氧－ 再给氧（ Ｈ／ Ｒ） 模型及同位素示踪方法。结果　 Ａ Ｔ Ｐ、 Ａ Ｍ、 Ｖ Ｅ Ｒ 和 Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ 均可显著减少４５ Ｃａ 内流量,前３ 组细胞内４５ Ｃａ 含量低于 Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ 组。结论　 Ａ Ｔ Ｐ、 Ａ Ｍ、 Ｖ Ｅ Ｒ 和 Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ 均具有维持细胞钙稳态作用, Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ 效果逊于其它３ 组药物。     

PCR-SSCP在恶性血液病N-ras癌基因点突变检测中的应用

目的：检测血液系统肿瘤中Ｎ－ｒａｓ癌基因点突变的活性。方法：采用ＰＣＲＳＳＣＰ技术分析了２８例恶性血液病Ｎｒａｓ基因的突变活性，包括：ＡＮＬＬ６例，ＡＬＬ１２例，ＨＤ２例，ＮＨＬ３例，ＭＤＳ５例。结果：２８例中ＰＣＲＳＳＣＰ检测与正常对照，发生阳性者４例（１４．６％），其中ＡＬＬ１例（８．３％）、ＡＮＬＬ１例（１６．６％）、ＭＤＳ２例（４０％）。４例中有２例临床缓解后持续阳性，１例为ＡＬＬ患者，于骨髓移植后１０４ｄ复发死亡。１例ＭＤＳ患者转化为急性白血病，另２例临床缓解后３个月检测转阴，其中１例为ＡＮＬＬ，１例为ＭＤＳ。结论：ＰＣＲＳＳＣＰ方法可作为一种癌基因点突变检测手段常规应用于临床，但值得注意的是，ＰＣＲＳＳＣＰ方法只能提供分析区域是否存在突变点，而不能提供突变性质的信息     

脑血管畸形的MRI及MRA诊断

目的：研究脑动静脉畸形与海绵状血管瘤的ＭＲＩ及ＭＲＡ特征，评价不同的成像方法对脑血管畸形的诊断价值。材料与方法：对２１例脑动静脉畸形及６例海绵状血管瘤分别作了常规ＭＲ成像及ＭＲ血管成像，ＭＲＩ采用ＳＥＴ１和Ｔｕｒｂｏ ＳＥ Ｔ２加权序列，ＭＲＡ采用２Ｄ－ＦＬＡＳＨ及３Ｄ－ＦＩＳＰ序列，６例海绵状血管瘤ＭＲＡ仅使用２Ｄ－ＦＬＡＳＨ序列。所有成像以环形激化头线圈在１．０Ｔ ＭＲ仪上完成。结果：Ｔ１及Ｔ     

连续性静脉—静脉血液透析滤过治疗严重创伤后急性肾功能衰竭

目的 探讨连续性静脉－静脉血液透析滤过（ＣＶＶＨＤＦ）治疗严重创伤后并发急性肾功能衰竭（ＡＲＦ）患者的疗效。方法 ４例因交通伤或高处坠落伤并发ＡＲＦ患者,男３例,女１例;平均年龄４７．５岁。平均衰竭脏器３．８个,ＡＰＡＣＨＥⅡ平均评分为２７分,均需要呼吸机辅助通气治疗和多胺维持血压。采用法国产ＰＲＩＳＭＡ（Ｈｏｓｐａｌ）床旁血液透析机行ＣＶＶＨＤＦ治疗。结果 死亡３例,治愈１例。４例患者在ＣＶＶＨ     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF GUNSHOT INJURY OF THESPINAL COKD：THEMECHANISMANDCLASSIFICATION

ＥＸＰＥＲＩＭＥＮＴＡＬＳＴＵＤＹＯＦＧＵＮＳＨＯＴＩＮＪＵＲＹＯＦＴＨＥＳＰＩＮＡＬＣＯＫＤ：ＴＨＥＭＥＣＨＡＮＩＳＭＡＮＤＣＬＡＳＳＩＦＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＳｉｕＳｈａｏ－ｔｉｎｇ肯少汀ＺｈａｎｇＬｉ－ｒｅｎ张立仁ＧｅＺｈｅｎ－ｓｈａｎ葛振山Ｃｈｅｎｇ...     

INTRADURAL HERNIATION OF LUMBAR INTERVERTEBRAL DISC：ARE－PORTOFSEVENCASESANDDISCUSSIONOFTHEPATHOLOGICALMEC

ＩＮＴＲＡＤＵＲＡＬＨＥＲＮＩＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＬＵＭＢＡＲＩＮＴＥＲＶＥＲＴＥＢＲＡＬＤＩＳＣ：ＡＲＥ－ＰＯＲＴＯＦＳＥＶＥＮＣＡＳＥＳＡＮＤＤＩＳＣＵＳＳＩＯＮＯＦＴＨＥＰＡＴＨＯＬＯＧＩＣＡＬＭＥＣＨ－ＡＮＩＳＭＬｉａｎＰｉｎｇ连平ＳｕｎＲｏｎｇ－...     

脑膜瘤的磁共振成像和质子磁共振波谱

探讨磁共振成像（ ＭＲＩ） 和质子磁共振波谱（１ Ｈ ＭＲＳ） 对脑膜瘤的诊断价值。材料和方法：３６４ 例行常规ＭＲＩ 检查, 其中１５ 例加做１ ＨＭＲＳ, 行肿瘤实质与健侧对应部位对照研究。结果： ＭＲＩ 平扫示： Ｔ１ ＷＩ５８ ．０ ％（２１１／３６４） 表现为等信号,３２ ．７ ％ （１１９／３４７） 为略低信号,９ ．３ ％ （３４／３６４） 为混合信号。Ｔ２ ＷＩ４０ ．１ ％ （１３９／３４７） 表现为等信号,４２ ．７ ％ （１４８／３４７） 表现为高信号,９ ．５ ％ （３３／３４７） 为略低信号,７ ．８ ％ （２７／３４７） 为混合信号。注射Ｇｄ － ＤＴＰＡ 后３３７ 例肿瘤实质部分均有不同程度的强化。６５ ．９ ％ （２２２／３３７） 出现“脑膜尾征”。５５ ．５ ％ （２０２／３６４）可见不同程度的水肿。１５ 例１ Ｈ ＭＲＳ 均表现为明显增高的胆碱（Ｃｈｏ） 峰,无氮乙酰门冬氨酸（ＮＡＡ） 峰,Ｃｈｏ／Ｃｒ（ 肌酸） 比值升高,ＮＡＡ／Ｃｒ 及ＮＡＡ／Ｃｈｏ 比值降低。４ 例出现乳酸峰（Ｌａｃ） 。结论：ＭＲＩ 平扫＋ 增强是诊断脑膜瘤的最主要方法,１ Ｈ ＭＲＳ 可作为很重要的补充。     

HIP PAIN FOLLOWING REPLACEMENT OF ARTIFICIAL BIPOLAR FEMORAL HEAD:AN ANALYSIS OF 13 CASES

ＨＩＰＰＡＩＮＦＯＬＬＯＷＩＮＧＲＥＰＬＡＣＥＭＥＮＴＯＦＡＲＴＩＦＩＣＩＡＬＢＩＰＯＬＡＲＦＥＭＯＲＡＬＨＥＡＤ：ＡＮＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳＯＦ１３ＣＡＳＥＳＫＯＮＧＲｏｎｇ（孔荣），ＦＡＮＧＳｈｉ－ｙｕａｎ（方诗元），ＫＯＮＧＦａｎ－ｊｉｎ（孔繁锦）．...     

脑血管狭窄与闭塞的MRA与DSA对照研究

目的：评价ＭＲＡ诊断脑血管狭窄与闭塞的价值又限度，并对假阳性、假阴性进行分析。材料与方法：对１４例患者的１２０根正常、狭窄与闭塞血管进行３Ｄ－ＴＯＦ ＭＯＴＳＡ ＭＲＡ和ＤＳＡ对照分析。结果：１４例１２０根血管ＭＲＡ与ＤＳＡ诊断相符合血管数为１０９根（９０．８％），ＭＲＡ对正常脑血管的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为９１％、９０．３％、９０．８％；对狭窄血管分别为８３．３％、９２．１％、９０．８％；对     

Labelling patients

This article looks at how diagnostic radiographers label their patients.An ethnographic study of the workplace culture in one diagnostic imaging department was undertaken using participant observation for four months and semi-structured interviews with ten key informants. One of the key themes; the way in which radiographers label their patients, is explored in this article.It was found from the study that within the department studied the diagnostic radiographers labelled or categorised their patients based on the information that they had. This information is used to form judgements and these judgements were used to assist the radiographers in dealing with the many different people that they encountered in their work.This categorisation and labelling of the patient appears to assist the radiographer in their decision-making processes about the examination to be carried out and the patient they are to image. This is an important aspect of the role of the diagnostic radiographer.     

Pulmonary cryptococcosis in immunocompetent patients: CT findings in 12 patients

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to review the CT findings of pulmonary cryptococcosis in 12 immunocompetent patients. CONCLUSION: The CT manifestations of pulmonary cryptococcosis consist of pulmonary nodules or masses measuring 5-52 mm in diameter and focal areas of consolidation. The nodules and masses have a predominantly peripheral distribution in 80% of the cases. Cavitation of nodules or consolidation is seen in approximately 40% of the cases. The infection can be due to Cryptococcus neoformans var gattii or var neoformans.     

Pneumonia in neutropenic patients

Radiologists have a special role in the management of neutropenic patients. The appropriate investigational technique, frequently targeted differential diagnosis, and the special needs of these patients, need to be understood. Early detection of a focus is the major goal in febrile neutropenic patients. As pneumonia is the most common focus, chest imaging is a special radiological task. The sensitivity of chest X-ray, especially in supine position, is known to be low; therefore, the very sensitive high-resolution CT (HRCT) became gold standard in neutropenic hosts and will probably be replaced by thin-section multislice CT (MSCT) in the near future. Costs of high-resolution CT are low in comparison to antibiotics. An infiltrate needs to be localised, so that a physician can utilise this information as a guidance for invasive procedures for further microbiological work-up. The radiological characterisation of infiltrates gives a first and rapid hint to differentiate between different sorts of infectious (typical bacterial, atypical bacterial, fungal) and non-infectious aetiologies. Follow-up investigations need careful interpretation according to disease and concomitant treatment. Due to an increased incidence of fungal infiltrates even with appropriate therapy, follow-up of an infiltrate must use further parameters in addition to lesion size. Temporary exclusion of infectious involvement of the lung with high accuracy remains of special interest for clinicians.     

Bronchiolitis obliterans in heart-lung transplantation patients: radiologic findings in 11 patients

Patients who survive the postoperative period after combined heart-lung transplantation are at risk for developing progressive airway damage consisting of central bronchiectasis and bronchiolitis obliterans. The cause of these abnormalities is uncertain, but they are thought to represent a form of chronic rejection. The chest radiographs and medical records of 11 transplantation patients with proved bronchiolitis obliterans were reviewed retrospectively. A pathologic diagnosis was made by open-lung biopsy (five patients), transbronchial biopsy (three patients), and autopsy (two patients). Clinical criteria alone were used for diagnosis in one patient. In all patients, the chest radiographs showed parenchymal abnormalities consisting of linear-nodular, nodular, confluent nodular, or diffuse alveolar opacities. Radiographic evidence of central bronchiectasis was present in nine of the 11 patients. This feature was not present on chest radiographs of five randomly selected asymptomatic transplant patients. We conclude that the parenchymal lung changes in bronchiolitis obliterans in transplant patients are nonspecific and are radiographically indistinguishable from other infectious and noninfectious complications. The presence of central bronchiectasis (nine of the 11 patients) may be a distinctive radiographic finding in this group of patients.     

Imaging correctional facility patients

More than 2.2 million people are incarcerated in the United States, and thousands of these men and women will be brought to medical facilities at some point during their arrest or incarceration. Radiologic technologists across the country conduct imaging procedures for correctional facility patients. Some technologists work within prison infirmaries or in mobile units parked on prison grounds. Others work in hospitals that have contracts with penitentiaries. Whether inside or outside prison walls, imaging of correctional patients requires awareness. This Directed Reading describes the prison environment in the United States, the most common diseases that prisoners have, special prison populations and safety measures for performing imaging procedures on patients in the custody of prison officials.