高效液相色谱法测定手参肾宝胶囊中腺苷的含量

目的　测定手参肾宝胶囊中腺苷的含量。方法　采用高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为KromasilC1 8柱 (2 5 0mm× 4 .6mm ,5 μm) ;磷酸盐缓冲液 (pH6 .8取 0 .2mol·L-1 磷酸二氢钾溶液 2 5 0ml,加 0 .2mol·L-1 氢氧化钠溶液 1 1 8ml,用水稀释至 1 0 0 0ml,即得 ) -四氢呋喃 (99∶1 )为流动相 ,流速 :1 .0ml/min ;检测波长 2 6 0nm。结果　腺苷在 0 .0 4～ 0 .4 μg范围内具有良好线性关系 ,平均回收率为 97.6 1 % ,RSD =1 .2 8%。结论　该法可用于手参肾宝胶囊中腺苷的含量测定     

高效液相色谱法测定酮康唑洗剂中酮康唑的含量

目的　建立高效液相色谱法测定酮康唑洗剂中酮康唑的含量方法。方法　以 0 .1mol·L-1磷酸二氢铵溶液 -甲醇 (2 0∶80 )为流动相 ,以氧氟沙星溶液为内标物 ,于 2 35nm波长处测定洗剂中的酮康唑含量。结果　酮康唑线性范围为 10～ 30 0 μg·ml-1,线性关系良好 (r =0 .9997) ,酮康唑的平均回收率为 99.7% ,RSD为 1.4 2 % (n =3)。结论　本方法灵敏 ,准确 ,快捷。     

高效液相色谱法测定复方环丙沙星滴鼻液中3组分含量

目的　测定复方环丙沙星滴鼻液中乳酸环丙沙星、马来酸氯苯那敏、盐酸麻黄碱的含量。方法　高效液相色谱法 ,采用YWG -C18(10 μm ,4 .6mm× 15 0mm)色谱柱 ,以 0 .0 1mol·L-1NaH2 PO4-甲醇 -乙腈 (30 0∶16 0∶4 0 ,三乙胺 0 .5ml,磷酸调pH为 3.0 )为流动相 ,检测波长为 2 5 7nm ,内标法峰高定量。结果　本文可同时测定 3组分的含量。乳酸环丙沙星 0 .0 12～ 0 .0 6mg·ml-1马来酸氯苯那敏 0 .0 3～ 0 .15mg·ml-1,盐酸麻黄碱 0 .1～ 0 .5mg·ml-1范围内 ,峰高比与其浓度呈良好的线性关系 ;平均回收率分别为 10 0 .18%、99.85 %、10 1.6 3% ;RSD分别为 0 .71%、1.2 0 %、1.10 %。结论　方法可靠 ,数据准确 ,灵敏度高 ,重现性好     

高效液相色谱法测定左氧氟沙星血药浓度

目的　建立测定左氧氟沙星血药浓度的高效液相色谱法。方法　色谱柱为YWG -C18柱 (10 μm ,2 0 0mm× 5mm) ,流动相为甲醇 -乙腈 - 0 .0 1mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾 - 0 .5mol·L-1溴化四丁基铵 (10∶10∶80∶4 ) ,磷酸调pH3.5 ;流速 1.0ml/min ,紫外检测波长 2 94nm。以替硝唑为内标 ,血样用乙酸乙酯萃取。结果　血清中左氧氟沙星浓度在 0 .0 5～ 4 .0mg·L-1范围内线性关系良好 (r =0 .99996 )。高、中、低 3个浓度的日内RSD <5 % ,日间RSD <6 %。平均回收率 99.33%± 4 .6 8% ,最低检测浓度 0 .0 2 5mg·L-1。结论　本方法简便 ,准确 ,精密度好 ,适用于临床药物动力学研究     

分光光度法测定阿奇霉素注射液的含量

目的　建立分光光度法测定阿奇霉素注射液的含量。方法　精取阿奇霉素注射液适量 ,加 0 .1mol·L-1盐酸溶解并稀释至一定浓度 ,加入 85 %硫酸 ,涡旋混合 ,静置显色 ;在 4 82nm波长处按拟定方法测定。结果　浓度在 2 0～ 70mg·L-1范围内呈线性关系 ,回归方程为 :A =0 .0 0 932 C+0 .0 2 18,r=0 .9999;平均回收率 10 1.33% (n=9) ,日内、日间精密度 RSD<1%。结论　本法准确、简便、快速 ,可用于阿奇霉素注射液的质量控制。     

HPLC法同时测定复方尼泊金乙酯醇溶液中二种组分的含量

目的　建立HPLC法同时测定复方尼泊金乙酯醇溶液中尼泊金乙酯及尼泊金甲酯含量的方法。方法　以ODSHypersil(5 μm ,2 0 0mm× 4 .6mm)为色谱柱 ,0 .0 1mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾 (KH2 PO4)溶液 -甲醇 -磷酸 (5 0∶5 0∶0 .4 )为流动相 ,检测波长 2 5 5nm。结果　一次进样即可完成两种组分的含量分析 ,线性范围 :尼泊金乙酯为 3.0 2 4～ 30 .2 4 μg·ml-1(r =0 .9999) ;尼泊金甲酯为1.0 2 2～ 10 .2 2 μg·ml-1(r=0 .9999)。平均回收率为 :尼泊金乙酯 99.4 5 % ,RSD =0 .4 8% (n =6 ) ;尼泊金甲酯 99.6 7% ,RSD=0 .72 % (n =6 )。结论　本方法快速、准确 ,分离度好。可用于该醇溶液中两种组份的含量测定。     

HPLC—电化学检测法测定大鼠脑内的去甲肾上腺素和5—羟吲哚乙酸

目的　建立大鼠脑内单胺递质及其代谢产物的测定方法。方法　大鼠脑组织匀浆液用高氯酸沉淀蛋白后 ,上清液直接用于HPLC分析。采用Irregular HC18色谱柱 ,流动相组成为 0 .1mol·L-1NaH2 PO4 甲醇 0 .0 1mol·L-1EDTA - 0 .2mol·L-1辛基磺酸钠 (87∶15∶1∶2 .5 ,pH3.7) ,流速为 0 .8ml/min ,温度为 35℃ ,电化学检测器工作电压为 0 .8V。结果　去甲肾上腺素和 5 羟吲哚乙酸分别在 6 .8～ 6 80ng·ml-1和 3.8～ 380ng·ml-1范围内线性关系良好 ,去甲肾上腺素测定的日内和日间的RSD分别为7.5 %和 8.1% ,5 羟吲哚乙酸测定的日内和日间的RSD分别为 2 .0 %和 7.5 % ,两者回收率分别为 10 3.0 %和 6 1.6 % ,检测限分别可达 2ng·ml-1和 1ng·ml-1。结论　本法用于脑内单胺递质及其代谢物的测定 ,快速、简便、准确     

反相高效液相色谱法测定多维软咀嚼片中维生素C含量

目的　建立多维软咀嚼片中维生素C含量测定及稳定性指示分析方法。方法　采用反相高效液相色谱法。色谱柱 :HypersilC1 8柱 (2 5 0mm× 4 .6mm) ;流动相 :0 .0 0 5mol·L-1 磷酸二氢钾溶液 (用磷酸调pH至 3.6 ) ;流速 :1 .0ml/min ;柱温 :2 5℃ ;检测波长 :2 4 6nm。结果　维生素C在 4 .1 8～ 836 .0 μg·ml-1 范围内呈良好线性 ,r =0 .9999(n =6 ) ,日内精密度小于 1 .0 % (n =5 ) ,平均回收率为 (1 0 0 .3± 1 .6 ) % ,最低检测限为 2 0ng。结论　本方法灵敏、准确、重现性好、操作简单 ,可作为多维软咀嚼片中维生素C含量测定及稳定性指示分析方法 ,以控制药物质量     

HPLC法测定依达拉奉及其有关物质的含量

目的　建立依达拉奉及其相关物质及含量测定方法。方法　HPLC法 ,采用Shim -packC18色谱柱 ,以 0 .0 5mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液 (pH4 .5 ) -乙腈 (70∶30 )为流动相 ,检测波长为 2 4 3nm。结果　依达拉奉在 6～ 4 8μg·ml-1范围呈良好的线性关系 ,r=0 .9999,重复性试验 RSD 为 0 .6 % (n =6 ) ,平均加样回收率为 99.74 % (RSD =0 .5 7% )。结论　该法简单、准确 ,可用于依达拉奉的质量控制     

RP—HPLC法同时测定氯地滴眼液中氯霉素与地塞米松磷酸钠的含量

目的　建立测定氯地滴眼液中氯霉素和地塞米松磷酸钠含量的反相高效液相色谱法。方法　在Hypersil(2 5 0mm× 4 .6mm ,5 μm)色谱柱上 ,以甲醇 - 0 .0 5mol·L-1醋酸钠缓冲液 (pH =4 .0 ) (40∶6 0 )为流动相 ,紫外检测波长 2 4 0nm ,外标法定量。结果　同时测定 2组分的含量 ;氯霉素 0 .5～ 2 .0mg·ml-1,地塞米松磷酸钠 0 .1～ 0 .3mg·ml-1范围内 ,浓度与峰面积成良好的线性关系 ;平均回收率分别为 98.3% (RSD =0 .9% ) ,97.8% (RSD =0 .7% )。结论　本法操作简便 ,结果准确。     

应用褶合曲线分析法同时测定菌克星注射液2种组分含量

目的建立菌克星注射液的含量测定方法。方法采用褶合曲线分析法不经分离直接测定菌克星注射液中替硝唑和环丙沙星两组分的含量,选定替硝唑测定波长为３０７０ｎｍ（Ｎ＝１３,Ｈ＝１）;乳酸环丙沙星测定波长为２５９４ｎｍ（Ｎ＝９,Ｈ＝２）。结果平均回收率分别为９９６０％和９９７７％,ＲＳＤ分别为０３２％和０７４％。结论该方法快速、简便,结果准确,可作为菌克星注射液的质量标准。     

哌拉西林与环丙沙星对铜绿假单胞菌的联合药敏研究

目的　评价哌拉西林与环丙沙星联合应用 ,对铜绿假单胞菌的体外联合杀菌作用。方法　采用棋盘法设计 ,微量肉汤稀释法测定其MIC值 ,计算FIC指数。结果　哌拉西林与环丙沙星联合应用后 ,哌拉西林对铜绿假单胞菌的MIC50 值由 8mg·L-1降至 0 .2 5mg·L-1,环丙沙星对铜绿假单胞菌的MIC50 由 1mg·L-1降至 0 .2 5mg·L-1。FIC指数在 0 .5、0 .5～ 1、1～ 2、2的百分率分别为 33.3%、5 0 %、18.8%、0 %。结论　哌拉西林与环丙沙星药物联合应用 ,对铜绿假单胞菌的体外抗菌作用以协同和相加为主 ,无拮抗效应     

Comparison of 99mTc ciprofloxacin, 99mTc white blood cell and three-phase bone imaging in the diagnosis of hip prosthesis infections: improved diagnostic accuracy with extended imaging time

The purpose of this study was to compare the utility of 99mTc labelled ciprofloxacin (Infecton) imaging with the 99mTc white blood cell and three-phase bone imaging procedures for identifying hip prosthesis infection. We studied 30 symptomatic patients in whom infection was confirmed in eight and excluded in 22 cases based on clinical and microbiological findings. 99mTc ciprofloxacin images were obtained at 1, 4 and 24 h after the injection of the tracer, and the data were compared to those obtained from 99mTc leukocyte and three-phase bone imaging. The 99mTc ciprofloxacin imaging correctly identified all true infections. In 13 (59%) of the non-infected patients, non-specific uptake of 99mTc ciprofloxacin was found in the 1-h and 4-h images, which disappeared, however, in the 24-h images. When the early and late 99mTc ciprofloxacin images were compared, the specificity was found to improve from 41% to 95%, positive predictive value from 38% to 89%, and the diagnostic accuracy from 57% to 97%. The accuracy of the conventional 99mTc leukocyte imaging was 90%. Dynamic bone imaging also yielded abnormal findings in all the infected patients although also in 23% of the non-infected patients. Current data indicate that 99mTc ciprofloxacin is a useful method for confirming hip prosthesis infection. The diagnostic efficiency of this method is improved when the imaging time is extended to 24 h post-injection of the tracer.     

HPLC法同时测定复方环丙沙星滴鼻液中三组分的含量

目的建立同时测定复方环丙沙星滴鼻液中盐酸麻黄碱、乳酸环丙沙星、马来酸氯苯那敏含量的HPLC方法。方法采用：PurospherSTAR RP-18色谱柱（4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm）,以磷酸盐缓冲液（p H 3.0±0.1）-乙腈（82∶18）为流动相,调节流速为1.0 ml·min-1,在210 nm波长处同时检测3组分。结果盐酸麻黄碱、乳酸环丙沙星和马来酸氯苯那敏分别在20.14~161.12、12.05~96.38和6.18~49.47μg·ml-1浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数分别为0.9996、0.9999和0.9999,平均回收率分别为101.11%、99.83%和101.07%。结论该方法快速简便、重复性、耐用性好,可用于该制剂中3组分的测定。     

氟罗沙星与环丙沙星治疗细菌性感染的药物经济学探讨

目的比较氟罗沙星与环丙沙星治疗细菌性感染的经济效果。方法选择108例细菌性感染患者按病种平均随机分为氟罗沙星组、环丙沙星组各54例。氟罗沙星组0.2~0.4 g,静脉滴注,1次/d;环丙沙星组0.2~0.4 g,静脉滴注,2次/d,疗程均7~14 d,采用药物经济学中的成本效果分析(CEA)的方法进行比较。结果氟罗沙星与环丙沙星痊愈率分别为79.63%,68.52%,有效率分别为90.74%,85.19%,环丙沙星治疗3种感染类型的CEA均低于氟罗沙星。结论环丙沙星治疗细菌性感染的经济效果优于氟罗沙星。     

Tc-99m Ciprofloxacin SPECT of Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Purpose

Tc-99m ciprofloxacin is available for imaging infection. However, there has been no study on employing single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with using Tc-99m ciprofloxacin to image active pulmonary tuberculosis. Therefore, we conducted this study to assess the efficacy of Tc-99m ciprofloxacin SPECT for imaging active pulmonary tuberculosis.

Methods

Twenty-one participants were enrolled in this prospective study. They were divided into two groups according to the clinical and radiological assessment. Group one (Gr. 1) consisted of five normal volunteers and six patients with inactive pulmonary tuberculosis. Group two (Gr. 2) consisted of ten patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. SPECT was performed 3 h after injecting 555 MBq (15 mCi) of Tc-99m ciprofloxacin. The findings of Tc-99m ciprofloxacin SPECT were interpreted by a nuclear medicine specialist and then the results were analyzed according to the patients’ clinical and radiological classifications.

Results

The results of Tc-99m ciprofloxacin SPECT were as follows: eight true-positive cases, ten true-negative cases, one false-positive case and two false-negative cases. The sensitivity and specificity was 80.0% and 90.9%, respectively. The positive predictive value was 88.9% and the negative predictive value was 83.3%.

Conclusions

Tc-99m ciprofloxacin SPECT is feasible for imaging active pulmonary tuberculosis. It is a useful nuclear-imaging method for discriminating between the active and inactive tuberculosis states in patients with a past medical history of pulmonary tuberculosis.     

The effect of ciprofloxacin on tendon, paratenon, and capsular fibroblast metabolism

The pathologic mechanisms underlying fluoroquinolone-induced tendinopathy are poorly understood. The observed incidence of tendinitis and tendon rupture in patients treated with ciprofloxacin hydrochloride suggests that the fluoroquinolone antibiotics alter tendon fibroblast metabolism. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of ciprofloxacin on fibroblast metabolism in vitro. Canine Achilles tendon, paratenon, and shoulder capsule specimens were maintained in culture with ciprofloxacin (5, 10, or 50 microg/ml). Fibroblast proliferation, collagen synthesis, proteoglycan synthesis, and matrix-degrading activity were analyzed. Incubation of Achilles tendon, Achilles paratenon, and shoulder capsule fibroblasts with ciprofloxacin resulted in a statistically significant 66% to 68% decrease in cell proliferation compared with control cells at day 3 in culture. Ciprofloxacin caused a statistically significant 36% to 48% decrease in collagen synthesis compared with controls in all fibroblast cultures. Ciprofloxacin caused a statistically significant 14% to 60% decrease in proteoglycan synthesis in all fibroblast cell lines. Compared with unstimulated control fibroblasts, culture media from Achilles tendon, paratenon, and shoulder capsule cells that were exposed to ciprofloxacin demonstrated statistically significant increases in matrix-degrading proteolytic activity after 72 hours in culture. This study demonstrates that ciprofloxacin stimulates matrix-degrading protease activity from fibroblasts and that it exerts an inhibitory effect on fibroblast metabolism. The increase in protease activity and the inhibition of both cell proliferation and the synthesis of matrix ground substance may contribute to the clinically described tendinopathies associated with ciprofloxacin therapy.     

山西地区91株淋球菌耐药性分析

目的检测山西地区淋病奈瑟菌（NG）对5种抗生素的敏感性,分析其耐药特点。方法K—B琼脂扩散法测定NG对抗生素的敏感性及产色头孢噻吩法检测β-内酰胺酶。结果91株淋球菌对青霉素、四环素、环丙沙星、头孢曲松和大观霉素的耐药率分别为69．23％、87．91％、97．80％、0和5．49％,检出质粒介导的产青霉素酶的淋病奈瑟菌（PPNG）38株（41．76％）,同时耐2种及2种以上抗菌药物的多重耐药率为94．51％。结论青霉素、四环素及环丙沙星已不宜用于山西地区淋病的治疗;头孢曲松和大观霉素耐药率较低,可以作为山西地区治疗淋病的首选药物。但是大观霉素已出现耐药株．应引起重视。同时山西地区多重耐药现象十分严重。持续监测淋球菌的耐药性十分必要。     

磷霉素氨丁三醇治疗细菌性泌尿道感染的临床研究

采用以环丙沙星为对照药,用随机对照临床试验的方法评价磷霉素氨丁三醇治疗细菌性泌尿道感染的临床效果。治疗组与对照组各２０例。给药方案：磷霉素氮丁三醇３ｇ,１次／口服,于每晚肯前温水送下;环丙沙星２５０ｍｇ,２次／ｄ口服。疗程均业。结果：试验药与对照药停药第１天及停药第８天临床有效率分别为９５．０％、９５．０％和１００％、９５．０％;两组治疗各种细菌感染有效率分别为１００％和９３．７５％;细菌学诊断阳     

99mTc ciprofloxacin imaging for the diagnosis of infection in the postoperative spine

BACKGROUND: The non-invasive assessment of postoperative spinal infections can pose a substantial diagnostic challenge, especially in the presence of orthopaedic devices. In contrast to white blood cell scanning, which is of limited use in the spine, the low uptake of 99mTc ciprofloxacin into normal bone marrow, combined with its claimed bacterial specificity, makes it, theoretically, an ideal candidate for evaluating postoperative spinal infections. AIM: This study aimed to evaluate 99mTc ciprofloxacin planar and single photon emission tomography (SPET) imaging in relation to microbiological diagnosis in the postoperative spine. METHODS: Only patients with a microbiologically confirmed diagnosis were included in this analysis. Planar imaging was performed at 1, 3 and 24 h, and SPET was performed at 3 h post-injection of 370 MBq 99mTc ciprofloxacin. Images were scored by two independent, certified, nuclear medicine physicians, blinded for the final diagnosis. RESULTS: Within the first 22 consecutive patients with microbiological diagnosis, there were nine deep infections. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy at visual scoring were, respectively, 67%, 77%, 73% (1 h), 78%, 69%, 73% (3 h), and 56%, 92%, 77% (24 h) for planar imaging, and 100%, 54%, and 73% for SPET. CONCLUSION: In contrast to white blood cell scanning, SPET with Tc ciprofloxacin is sensitive in evaluating infections in the postoperative spine. Sensitivity is higher for SPET than for planar imaging. However, the results presented prove that its specificity is limited, especially in patients who have recently (< 6 months) undergone surgery. Taken this limitation into account, we advise planar and SPET imaging at 3 h post-injection and at an interval of at least 6 months after surgery to minimize the chance for false positives.