肝癌与一种异型碱性磷酸酶

原发性肝癌的诊断,除了血清甲胎蛋白测定以及临床与实验室检查(包括肝扫描和选择性腹腔血管造影术)外,血清碱性磷酸酶活性及其同功酶模式已被用作诊断的重要指标。近来曾报道在肝癌患者中发现有异型碱性磷酸酶。本文对100例正常对照者及127例各种疾患患者(其中原发性肝癌13例,肝的转移癌10例,肝血管瘤     

甲胎蛋白阴性原发性肝癌26例诊断探讨

目的:探讨甲胎蛋白(AFP)阴性原炭性肝癌的诊断手段。方法:对26例AFP阴性的原发性肝癌的实验室检查和影像学检查资料进行分析。结果:原发性肝癌患者血清GGT几乎全部增高,且巨块型和弥漫型肝癌增高更为显著,诊断阳性率为96.2％(25/26),ALP诊断阳性率为69.2％(18/26),B超诊断阳性率为92.3％(24/26),CT诊断阳性率为96.2％(25/26)。结论:检潮GGT诊断原发性肝癌可以提高敏感性和阳性率。影像学检查是目前AFP阴性原发性肝癌患者的主要诊断手段。影像学检查协同GGT、ALP检测可以提高诊断阳性率,又有助于其他肝胆疾病的鉴别。     

原发性肝癌诊疗规范(2011年版)摘要

原发性肝癌主要包括肝细胞癌(HCC)、肝内胆管细胞癌(intrahepatic cholangio-carcinoma,ICC)和肝细胞癌-肝内胆管细胞癌混合型等不同病理类型,由于HCC占到90％以上,故本规范所指的"肝癌"主要是指HCC. 一、诊断技术和应用 1.血液生物化学检查:HCC患者可以出现血清AST、ALT、ALP、乳酸脱氢酶或胆红素的升高,白蛋白降低等肝功能异常,以及淋巴细胞亚群等免疫指标的改变. 2.肿瘤标志物检查:血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)及其异质体是诊断HCC的重要指标和特异性最强的肿瘤标记物,对于AFP≥400μg/L超过1个月,或≥200 μg/L持续2个月,排除妊娠、生殖腺胚胎癌和活动性肝病,应该高度怀疑HCC;应同期进行影像学检查(CT/MRI)是否具有肝癌特征性占位.     

18FDG-PET/CT及CeMSCT联合诊断原发性肝细胞癌研究

目的探讨联合应用PET/CT及MSCT在肝脏原发性肝细胞癌中的诊断价值。方法收集明确诊断的原发性肝癌38例,^18FDG-PET及CeMSCT检查后进行回顾性总结分析,按病灶大小进行分组,并按浓聚程度不同进行分级（1-4级）。结果CeM-SCT对肝癌诊断敏感性为68.4%,PET/CT对肝癌诊断敏感性为52.6%,联合诊断肝癌的敏感性为73.7%。病灶大小之间诊断效能有差异,肝癌的浓聚程度分级1-2级占55.3%,3-4级占44.7%。结论联合应用PET/CT及CeMSCT对原发性肝细胞癌可以提高大于3 cm肝癌诊断的敏感性,并对临床分期、指导治疗和预后的判断具有重要的价值,对于小于3 cm肝癌联合诊断仍需进一步探讨。     

原发性肝癌超声造影诊断的特征性声像图表现

目的探讨超声造影诊断原发性肝癌的特征性声像图表现。方法对经病理检查或穿刺活组织检查确诊的25例(30个病灶)原发性肝癌患者实施超声造影检查,观察患者病灶特征和声像图表现,并将诊断结果与常规超声诊断结果进行比较,判断两种诊断方式的敏感性。结果原发性肝癌的内部结节数目不多,多为单发,病灶与正常组织间界限清楚,边缘处较为整齐,回声除小部分不均匀外,其余皆比较均匀,其形状表现为圆形或类圆形。有19例患者诊断为肝细胞癌,声像图表现为"快进快出","快进快出"表现越为明显患者,其肿瘤分化程度也越低。有6例患者诊断为肝内胆管细胞癌,声像图主要表现为"快进快出",病灶图像在动脉期呈现为网格状增强,部分显示无增强;在门静脉期时,病灶周边环状不规则增高,病灶内部则表现为网格状增强或无增强;当处于门静脉期时,病灶周边环状不规则增强明显消退。超声造影诊断敏感度为96%,与常规超声的72%比较,存在明显差异(P0.05)。结论超声造影诊断原发性肝癌可以清楚的显示病灶图像特征,较常规超声诊断敏感性高。     

原发性肝癌合并Budd-Chiari综合征的影像诊断与介入治疗

目的探讨原发性肝癌合并Budd-Chiari综合征(BCS)的影像诊断与血管内介入治疗价值.方法对42例原发性肝癌合并BCS者进行回顾性分析,所有患者均行超声和CT检查,18例行MRI检查,17例行肝动脉造影,9例行下腔静脉造影.7例行下腔静脉内介入治疗.结果通过超声、CT、MRI和血管造影几种影像学检查相互印证而诊断为原发性肝癌合并BCS者42例,其中下腔静脉癌栓者36例,下腔静脉狭窄者6例.7例原发性肝癌合并BCS者成功地施行了下腔静脉内介入治疗,腔静脉压力阶差由术前的(2.5±1.2)kPa降为(0.8±0.2)kPa.术后患者症状明显缓解,无严重并发症发生.结论超声、CT、MRI和血管造影对原发性肝癌合并BCS有较高的诊断价值,其相互补充有助于本病的正确诊断.血管内介入治疗是原发性肝癌合并BCS的有效治疗方法.     

肝动脉灌注加碘油栓塞治疗原发性肝癌

1994年3月至1998年2月,我院采用肝动脉灌注加碘油栓塞治疗原发性肝癌(包括有门脉癌栓)患者,效果较好。现报告如下。1　资料与方法1.1　一般资料　原发性肝癌患者60例,男45例、女15例;年龄39～75岁;血清AFP<20μg/L者5例,>200μg/L者8例,>400μg/L者47例。HBsAg( )54例,有慢性乙肝史者40例。本组患者均符合全国肝癌协会制定的诊断标准,均经B超、CT、MRI及血清AFP测定,排除转移性肝癌。1.2　治疗方法　治疗前行实验室检查及B超、CT、MRI检查,确定肿瘤的大小,有无门脉癌栓,对多个癌灶患者,以最大癌灶为标准。药物:超液化碘油(ULF)、…     

胆管细胞型肝癌临床诊治进展

胆管细胞型肝癌是原发性肝癌的少见类型,笔者结合有关胆管细胞型肝癌最近几年的文献资料进行概述,从胆管细胞癌的概念分型、发病因素、病理生理、临床症状、影像学检查、鉴别诊断、治疗与预后分析,进一步提高胆管细胞型肝癌的早期诊断率及改善其预后。     

磁共振弥散加权成像联合LAVA技术诊断肝脏占位性病变的临床价值

目的探讨磁共振弥散加权成像(DWI)联合快速容积扫描(LAVA)技术诊断肝占位性病变的临床价值。方法采用DWI联合LAVA技术检查25例原发性肝癌、20例肝血管瘤和21例肝脏转移癌,比较各组DWI ADC值、信号增强比值(SER)、最大下降斜率(MSD)、正性增强积分(PEI)、最大上升斜率(MSI)和峰值(PV)等相关指标,比较诊断的准确性。结果肝血管瘤ADC值[(2.34±0.28)×10-3mm2/s]明显高于原发性肝癌[(1.27±0.25)×10-3mm2/s]和肝脏转移癌[(1.32±0.24)×10-3mm2/s,P0.05];肝血管瘤患者MSI(362.4±68.1)、PV(583.6±74.4)、MSD(97.6±42.8)和PEI(285.8±47.0)明显高于肝转移癌和原发性肝癌(P0.05),原发性肝癌患者MSI(285.2±78.7)、PV(496.8±72.2)、MSD(85.2±37.8)和PEI(234.9±72.4)明显高于肝转移癌[分别为(267.5±72.6)、(404.4±68.3)、(73.4±34.2)和(202.6±84.1),P0.05],而三组SER比较,无显著性差异(P0.05);原发性肝癌Ⅰ型曲线(68.0%)显著高于肝血管瘤(10.0%)和肝转移癌(0.0%,P0.05),肝脏转移癌Ⅱ型曲线(76.2%)高于原发性肝癌(20.0%)和肝血管瘤(20.0%)(P0.05),肝血管瘤Ⅲ型曲线(70.0%)高于肝转移癌(23.8%)和原发性肝癌(12.0%,P0.05);DWI联合LAVA增强扫描对各种肝占位性病变的诊断准确率(100.0%)均明显高于两单项检查(P0.05)。结论 DWI和LAVA联合检查可明显提高肝占位性病变的诊断正确率。     

MRI及MSCT用于肝内胆管细胞癌临床诊断的效能分析

目的 分析磁共振成像(MRI)和多层螺旋计算机断层扫描(MSCT)对肝内胆管细胞癌(ICC)的诊断价值。方法 2017年3月至2022年3月徐州医科大学附属医院收治的原发性肝癌患者70例,患者均接受MRI和MSCT检查,以手术后组织病理学检查和穿刺活检为金标准,MRI、MSCT联合诊断时任意一种方法诊断为ICC即判定为ICC,评估MRI和MSCT单独及联合诊断ICC的效能。结果 病理诊断结果显示70例原发性肝癌患者中23例为ICC、47例为肝细胞癌(HCC)。MRI诊断结果显示,70例原发性肝癌中20例为ICC、50例为HCC。MRI诊断ICC的敏感度为69.6%、特异度为91.5%、准确率为84.3%、Kappa值为0.632。MSCT诊断结果显示,70例原发性肝癌中22例为ICC、48例为HCC。MSCT诊断ICC的敏感度为65.2%、特异度为85.1%、准确率为78.6%、Kappa值为0.509。MRI联合MSCT诊断结果显示,70例原发性肝癌中21例为ICC、49例为HCC。MRI联合MSCT诊断ICC的敏感度为82.6%、特异度为95.7%、准确率为91.4%、Kappa值...     

超声造影和增强CT对甲胎蛋白阴性原发性肝癌的诊断价值

目的比较超声造影(CEUS)和增强CT(CECT)对AFP阴性原发性肝癌(PHC)的诊断价值。方法对接受过肝脏CEUS和CECT检查的36例甲胎蛋白(AFP)阴性的PHC患者进行分析,将两种检查方法对AFP阴性PHC的诊断阳性率、病理类型符合率进行比较。结果 CEUS对AFP阴性组诊断阳性率为94.4%,病理类型符合率为86.1%;CECT对AFP阴性组诊断阳性率为88.9%,病理类型符合率为88.9%,CEUS与CECT联合对AFP阴性组诊断阳性率为100%,病理类型符合率为100%。结论 CEUS、CECT及两者联合对AFP阴性PHC均具有较高的阳性诊断率和病理类型符合率。     

多项肿瘤标志物蛋白芯片在原发性肝癌诊断上的应用

目的探讨多项肿瘤标志物蛋白芯片检测系统对原发性肝癌的诊断价值.方法采用蛋白芯片检测技术,对93例原发性肝癌、71例非癌性肝病、49例健康献血员血清中的12种肿瘤标志物进行定量分析.结果对原发性肝癌诊断的敏感性为88.1%,特异性为87.3%.原发性肝癌组与非癌性肝病组比较差异显著(P＜0.01).结论多项肿瘤标志物蛋白芯片检测系统可用于对肝癌高危人群的筛查,联合多因素分析亦有助于原发性肝癌的早期诊断.     

甲胎蛋白异质体对诊断肝细胞癌的相关价值研究

目的评价甲胎蛋白异质体(AFP-L3)对于原发性肝癌(PHC)的诊断价值。方法收集本院2013年1月至2013年7月住院及门诊患者185例,包括PHC患者61例(PHC组)、肝硬化患者66例(肝硬化组)、慢性活动性肝炎患者58例(慢性肝炎组)。选择同期健康体检者60例为对照组。AFP-L3采用亲和吸附离心管分离血清,AFP和AFP-L3水平采用化学发光法检测,以AFP-L3≥10%为阳性诊断标准,计算AFP-L3的百分含量。结果 PHC组、肝硬化组、慢性肝炎组、对照组患者血清AFP-L3阳性率分别为78.02%、69.8%、78.26%、0%。PHC组患者AFP-L3水平与肝硬化组比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.062)。PHC组患者AFP-L3水平与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.031)。结论AFP-L3是国际公认的对PHC鉴别诊断的有用指标,但本研究显示其在良性肝病特别是肝硬化与PHC差别不明显,因此仍应与AFP及影像学联合检测更有利于PHC的诊断。     

血清甘氨酰脯氨酸二肽氨基肽酶同工酶对原发性肝癌的诊断价值

目的研究血清甘氨酰脯氨酸二肽氨基肽酶（grycylprolinedipeptidylaminopeptidase,GPDA）同工酶对PHC的诊断价值,提高早期PHC和AFP阴性PHC诊断水平。方法采用阶段梯度垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法进行血清GPDA同工酶分离检测,同步测定比较PHC患者血清GPDA同工酶与GPDA总活性（TGPDA）、AFP、肿瘤大小及ALT的关系。结果血清GPDA按其泳动速度可分为快带（GPDA-F）与慢带（GPDA-S）两种同工酶。PHC患者血清GPDA-F的阳性率为85.3%,而肝外肿瘤、转移性肝癌、肝炎后肝硬化、慢性肝炎中阳性率均较低,正常对照组以及良性肝占位全部阴性。GPDA-F阳性率在TGPDA活性增高组明显高于正常组（94.4%对75.0%）,GPDA-F与AFP及肿瘤大小无关系。良性肝病ALT升高组GPDA-F阳性率高于ALT正常组,而PHC患者GPDA-F与ALT无关。PHC患者GPDA-F呈持续阳性,良性肝病患者GPDA-F常为一过性阳性。结论GPDA-F为一新的PHC血清标志物,有助于PHC的定性诊断,尤其对早期PHC及AFP阴性PHC的诊断具有重要价值。     

IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen in Korean patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) has been linked etiologically to persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections by epidemiologic, serologic and molecular lines of evidence. To evaluate the frequency of IgM antibody to the viral core antigen (IgM anti-HBc) detected by a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay, we compared 110 Korean patients with PHC to a group of 63 age- and sex-matched control patients with other tumors. Results were correlated with those of commercially available HBV assays. IgM anti-HBc was found in 74 of 110 PHC patients (67%), but only 1 of 63 (1.6%) control patients. Although HBsAg was found in a larger percentage of PHC patients (81%), it was also present in more control patients (14%). Thus, IgM anti-HBc was more specifically associated with PHC than was the presence of HBsAg. IgM anti-HBc was found in 91% of PHC patients with detectable HBeAg and 74% of PHC patients with positive anti-HBe tests (p less than 0.04). The frequency of IgM anti-HBc was similar among HBsAg-positive PHC patients with and without anti-HBs, or those with low or high levels of serum alpha-fetoprotein. In 18 patients with PHC, IgM anti-HBc was further characterized by rate-zonal centrifugation of sera, all were found to have 19S IgM anti-HBc although 6 also had greater or equal IgM anti-HBc reactivity in the low molecular weight region. The presence of IgM anti-HBc in adult Korean HBsAg carriers may indicate an especially high risk for the development of PHC, and this should be evaluated in prospective studies.     

Application of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin as a complementary tumor marker with alpha-fetoprotein in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

By means of staphylocoagulase, plasma des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) was measured in 255 subjects. Of these, 59 were healthy controls, 100 had primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC), 33 had cirrhosis of the liver, 16 had hepatitis, 11 had metastatic carcinoma of the liver (MCL), and 36 subjects had previously been treated with anti-vitamin K drugs. The mean plasma DCP level in the healthy subjects was 3.02 VGH U/l. Of PHC patients 80% had DCP levels greater than 6 VGH U/l, which we regarded as probably abnormal. None of the patients with benign liver diseases (cirrhosis of liver or hepatitis) had DCP greater than 10 VGH U/l. Of the patients with MCL 54.54% had DCP greater than 6 VGH U/l. In our study DCP was found to be as sensitive a tumor marker as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the diagnosis of PHC and was better in distinguishing PHC from benign liver disease. Of PHC patients 92% had at least one of the two tumor markers. Simultaneous determination of DCP and AFP should be applied in mass survey programs for detecting PHC, especially in countries with a high prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection.     

Hepatocellular carcinoma presenting with obstructive jaundice: a clinicopathological study of eight cases

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The prognosis of icteric type hepatocellular carcinoma is extremely poor, not only because of obstructive jaundice, but also because of difficulties for early diagnosis. The aim of this study is to evaluate characteristics of icteric hepatocellular carcinoma for early diagnosis. METHODOLOGY: Eight patients with icteric hepatocellular carcinoma among 326 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in our hospitals were retrospectively examined by laboratory data, image studies and pathology studies. RESULTS: Most cases were already advanced, with a portal tumor thrombus at the time of diagnosis. Imaging studies fail to reveal tumors because this type of hepatocellular carcinoma has an irregular faint margin and has lost the characteristic pattern of hepatocellular carcinoma, such as capsular formation or early enhancement. Pathology observations demonstrated poorly or moderately differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma in all our cases. CONCLUSIONS: This type of hepatocellular carcinoma should be considered in cirrhotic patients with obstructive jaundice or in patients with high tumor marker levels even if image studies fail to reveal tumors. For better prognosis, combination therapies such as biliary drainage, support for portal flow as well as treatment for the hepatocellular carcinoma, are necessary.     

97例HBsAg阳性原发性肝癌患者HBV基因型分析

目的 探讨HBs Ag阳性的原发性肝癌（PHC）患者血清HBV基因分型的特点。方法 对97例HBs Ag阳性的PHC患者进行HBV基因型检测。结果 97例患者中,HBV基因B型患者38例（39.1%）,HBV基因C型患者54例（55.7%）;92例HBV基因B和C型患者中,HBe Ag阳性患者33例（35.9%）。结论 HBs Ag阳性的原发性肝癌患者的HBV基因型主要为HBV基因C型,且血清HBe Ag多为阴性,多有慢性乙型肝炎病史。     

Hepatitis D (delta agent) in primary hepatocellular carcinoma and liver disease in Senegal

ABSTRACT— A total of 308 individuals belonging to ten different ethnic groups in Senegal were investigated. They suffered from primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC), liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis and other liver diseases, or were healthy controls. Their sera were investigated for the presence of markers of infection with hepatitis B and D (delta agent) virus. Out of 130 clinically diagnosed patients with PHC, 88 had alpha-fetoprotein levels above 100 μg/l, supporting the diagnosis. After clinical examination, 133 subjects were considered to be healthy or to have a liver disease other than PHC. Among these, 83 (31 clinically healthy and 52 with liver disease) had alpha-foetoprotein less than 15 μg/l and were therefore considered not to have PHC. Out of the 88 patients with definite PHC, 74% were positive for HBsAg, whereas out of the 83 subjects without PHC, 50% of those with other liver disease and 26% of the healthy controls were positive. Anti-delta was present in 21% of the patients with or without PHC. It was found in nine different ethnic groups in the country. The present data confirm that HBV is related to the etiology of PHC. The present investigation showed a high prevalence of delta antibodies in patients with PHC, but against the role of hepatitis D infection in the evolution of malignancy is the fact that it was equally common in chronic liver disease without evidence of carcinoma.     

晚期糖基化终产物受体在肝细胞癌患者中的表达

目的 研究晚期糖基化终产物受体(RAGE)在原发性肝细胞癌(PHC)中的表达.方法 收集10例PHC患者的肝癌组织、癌旁组织、血清及正常人的血清;用RT-PCR及Western blot分别检测组织中RAGE基因及蛋白的表达;用ELISA检测血清RAGE表达,同时用化学发光法检测血清中甲胎蛋白(AFP)表达.结果 RA...