突发公共卫生事件应急处置卫勤指挥关键要素分析

目的探讨突发公共卫生事件应急处置卫勤指挥协同的关键要素。方法以六西格玛法为主要分析工具,结合社会协同学"目标关联纬度"理论,围绕卫勤指挥协同目标,从时间维、空间维、基础维、保障维等4个维度入手,对影响突发公共卫生事件应急处置卫勤指挥中协同的要素开展研究。结果筛选出卫勤指挥协同关键要素共计12个,其中基础维3个、保障维5个、时间维3个、空间维1个。结论通过确定突发公共卫生事件应急处置卫勤指挥协同关键要素,为突发公共卫生事件卫勤指挥提供理论与方法支撑。     

关于尽快运转新疆突发公共卫生事件信息报告系统的探讨

国家卫生部为了使各级政府及卫生行政部门能够及时掌握救灾防病信息及突发公共卫生事件信息,于2003年4月18日正式下发了<国家救灾防病与突发公共卫生事件信息报告管理规范>.在传染性非典型肺炎肆虐时期,暴露出我国在突发公共卫生事件应急处理中存在着严重的"信息渠道不畅、信息统计不准、应急反应不快、应急准备不足"等薄弱环节,因此国务院根据新形势下处置突发公共卫生事件的需要,总结教训,借鉴国外经验,仅仅用20天时间就制定出并于2003年5月9日颁布施行了<突发公共卫生事件应急条例>.为全面贯彻<突发公共卫生事件应急条例>,严格执行<国家救灾防病与突发公共卫生事件信息报告管理规范>,进一步落实条例规定的各项制度,确保重大疫情报告及时、准确,本文就新疆尽快运转覆盖面广、有权威的突发公共卫生事件信息报告系统进行了探讨.     

现阶段我国突发公共卫生事件的应急体系建设

突发公共卫生事件具有突发性、未知性等特征,其防控效果与国家公共卫生应急体系建设水平直接相关。本文对我国突发公共卫生事件的应急体系进行了综合分析,提出从国家卫生应急预案、应急资源保障体系、卫生应急法律体系、卫生监测预警机制、卫生应急处置机制、善后处理机制方面不断加快健全完善我国公共卫生应急体系,为完善我国突发公共卫生事件的应急体系建设提供理论和决策支撑。     

贯彻突发公共卫生事件应急条例加强鼠疫预防控制工作

为了有效预防、及时控制和消除突发公共卫生事件的危害 ,保障公众身体健康与生命安全 ,维护正常的社会秩序 ,国务院制定并公布了《突发公共卫生事件应急条例》。“条例”明确了政府负责对突发公共卫生事件应急处理的统一领导和指挥 ,同时规定了在突发公共卫生事件应急处理中 ,专业技术机构、医疗卫生机构及有关部门和单位的职责。“条例”的公布 ,为今后及时有效地处理突发公共卫生事件建立起了信息畅通、反应快捷、指挥有力、责任明确的一整套应急法律制度。　　鼠疫具有传染性强、传播速度快、病死率高的特点 ,并对公众身体健康构成严重危…     

乡（镇）卫生院在应对突发公共卫生事件中的作用和存在的问题

目的探讨新疆温泉县乡（镇）卫生院在应对突发公共卫生事件中的作用和存在的问题,并为提高乡（镇）卫生院的应急处置能力提出了相应的对策。方法对2008-2012年温泉县发生的5起传染病突发公共卫生事件的应急处置资料及温泉县乡（镇）卫生院应对突发公共卫生事件的现状进行综合分析。结果温泉县乡（镇）卫生院应对突发公共卫生事件的防范意识差,应对突发公共卫生事件的检测设备落后,物资准备不足,应对突发公共卫生事件的能力不强。结论依法应对,完善预案及应急储备体系,加强培训与演练、强化能力,加强交流、做好各部门协调沟通,开展健康教育,建立风险沟通机制,是提高温泉县乡（镇）卫生院应对当前突发公共卫生事件能力的有效措施。     

县级疾控中心卫生应急体系建设工作初探

随着疾病预防控体系建设的不断加强和完善,卫生应急体系建设引起了卫生行政部门的足够重视,逐步建立起以防止突发公共卫生事件为主的传染病监测、报告、预警、处置系统。新的《传染病防治法》、《突发公共卫生事件应急条例》颁布执行,以及《全国卫生部门卫生应急管理规范》（下简称《规范》）的出台,使疾病预防控制中心的任务逐步转入到以预防突发公共卫生事件为主的传染病监测和应急处理工作。《规范》指出,疾病预防控制机构负责各类突发公共事件中的疾病预防控制和公众卫生防护工作,开展突发公共卫生事件及其相关信息收集、     

2013年新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心突发公共卫生事件应急处置演练

乌鲁木齐县某地发生食品安全事件,疫区出现饮用水污染、传染病疫情,接新疆维吾尔自治区卫生厅指示,2013年5月新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心突发公共卫生事件应急处置队开赴疫区执行卫生应急处置任务。     

2013年新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心突发公共卫生事件

乌鲁木齐县某地发生食品安全事件,疫区出现饮用水污染、传染病疫情,接新疆维吾尔自治区卫生厅指示．2013年5月新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心突发公共卫生事件应急处置队开赴疫区执行卫生应急处置任务。     

抽组卫勤力量应对重大疫情的应急培训模式探讨

[摘要]　以新型冠状病毒肺炎（新冠肺炎）为代表的重大传染病疫情处置工作中,军队卫生机构抽组的应急卫勤力量发挥着重要作用。然而,对口专业人员和技能的缺乏,传染病隔离防护训练的不足,以及指挥人员应对疫情组织管理经验的欠缺等问题制约了处置效能的发挥。根据新冠肺炎疫情处置任务实际,结合重大传染病疫情特点,对抽组卫勤力量应对疫情应急培训模式的构建展开思考。     

2005年塔城市禽流感疫情处理

2005年6月,新疆塔城市发生了高致病性禽流感疫情,塔城市疾病预防控制中心按照突发公共卫生事件进行应急处理,现将处置情况总结如下.     

大数据应用背景下的公共卫生应急响应体系建设——以邯郸市为例

近年发生的多起重大突发公共卫生事件,如非典型肺炎疫情、中东呼吸综合征疫情、三聚氰胺奶粉事件、疫苗造假事件以及近期新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情等,严重危害了人民健康和生命安全.随着互联网、云计算和物联网技术的成熟,医疗卫生信息化的广泛普及,使得医疗卫生相关数据迅速积累.本文以人口近千万的地级市——邯郸市为例,研究如何有效利用大数...     

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数字卫生通过构建统一标准的居民电子健康档案(EHR)、电子病历(EMR)、交互式卫生信息平台、城乡社区与医院双向转诊、远程诊疗、远程教育和健康咨询等系统达到提高医疗卫生服务质量、改善服务可及性,推进医药卫生体制改革发展,服务老百姓的健康的目标。依托"十一五"国家科技支撑计划重点项目"国家数字卫生关键技术与区域应用示范研究"项目的实施应用,浙江省已经开始数字医疗卫生探索,建立了一整套的数字医疗卫生系统,真正起到了助推医改、服务健康的技术支撑作用,对推进中国卫生事业发展意义重大。     

上海某医科院校突发公共卫生事件认知现况分析

目的调查并分析上海某医科院校大学生对突发公共卫生事件的认知情况及影响因素。方法采用随机抽样方法,2020年7月抽取上海某医科院校在校大学生508人开展问卷调查。结果大学生应急意识有提升空间,了解突发公共卫生事件程度不一,正确认知率有待提高;应急态度不积极,12.20%的学生态度消极;大学生应急知识和技能掌握情况不乐观,掌握程度低和基本掌握的高分人数高达44.98%,应急能力需加强并提高,20.47%的学生获取应急自救知识较被动。结论上海某医科院校大学生突发公共卫生事件认知水平有待提高,高校应尽可能增加实际演练次数,扩大应急知识宣讲范围及次数,全面提升大学生应急能力并丰富应急知识。     

Clinical decision making during public health emergencies: ethical considerations

Recent public health emergencies involving anthrax, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and shortages of influenza vaccine have dramatized the need for restrictive public health measures such as quarantine, isolation, and rationing. Front-line physicians will face ethical dilemmas during public health emergencies when patients disagree with these measures. Patients might request interventions that are not recommended or for which they are not eligible, or they might object to intrusive or restrictive measures. The physician's primary responsibility in such emergencies is to the public rather than to the individual patient. In public health emergencies, physicians need to address the patient's needs and concerns, recognize their changed roles, and work closely with public health officials. Physicians can still work on behalf of patients by advocating for changes in policies and exceptions when warranted and by mitigating the adverse consequences of public health measures. Before an emergency occurs, physicians should think through how they will respond to foreseeable dilemmas arising when patients disagree with public health recommendations.     

Water resources and health problems in developing countries]

The rapidly increasing use of water for agricultural and hydroelectric development in developing countries is causing serious health problems. These can be divided into two categories; the diseases whose transmission depends on water; and the changes in the life style of the population. We review briefly the principal health problems and analyze the principles to be followed in solving them, and the reasons of the success or failure of health programs. Among the topics we consider, are the development versus health, the collaboration of health service personnel with the rest of the personnel participating in water development schemes, the necessity of ensuring a multidisciplinary approach to the solutions of these health problems, the necessity of integration of the public health component within the administrative and budgetary levels and the coordination of public health measures with the development of project from the planning phase through the completion and maintenance phases, the purely medical aspects of the health problems involved appearing as being of secondary importance. Common sense, and the use of simple, cheap methods adapted to the local conditions, and applied focaly, provide better solutions than the sophisticated, more general and expensive approaches. The time and budget accorded for surveys and research, usually excessive, should be limited. It is necessary to adhere to a disciplined use of water. Ambitions and utopian dreams and strategies of disease eradication should, in general, give way to more limited, but accessible objectives, whose attainment would lead to a decrease of the clinical and socioeconomic gravity of the health problems to a "reasonable" level.     

2010—2021年镇江市丹徒区突发公共卫生事件流行特征分析

目的 了解镇江市丹徒区2010—2021年突发公共卫生事件流行特征,有效提升防控水平和应对能力。方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集镇江市丹徒区2010—2021年突发公共卫生事件数据,采用描述流行病学方法对事件的级别、类型、传播途径及三间分布等进行分析。结果 2010—2021年镇江市丹徒区共报告突发公共卫生事件14起,病例数589例,罹患率4.21%(589/13 992),包括一般(Ⅳ级)事件6起(占42.86%),未分级事件8起(占57.14%);均为传染病类突发事件,其中丙类传染病11起(占78.57%)。发生时间主要集中在3—6月,报告事件10起(占71.43%),11—12月报告4起(占28.57%);地区分布以农村为主,报告事件12起(占85.71%);场所分布以学校为主,报告事件13起(占92.86%)。报告时间中位数为7.63 d,持续时间中位数为12.48 d,报告时间越迟,事件持续时间越长(r_s=0.754,P<0.05)。结论 近年来,镇江市丹徒区突发公共卫生事件以丙类传染病为主,今后要加强对农村、学校等重点地区和场所的监测与预警...     

Community awareness and perceptions of health sector preparedness and response to Cyclone Nargis

Community awareness, preparedness and response to public health emergencies are essential for a successful response to public health emergencies. This study was carried out to determine community awareness and perceptions regarding health sector preparedness and response to Cyclone Nargis in Myanmar. Six focus group discussions were carried out in 3 villages severely affected by Cyclone Nargis. Thematic content analysis was carried out to determine community perceptions. Focus group participants, consisting of community members, community leaders and government personnel, were aware of the cyclone, but were unaware of its intensity and where it would make landfall. There was inadequate knowledge on how to prepare for a cyclone. There was some training on cyclone preparation but coverage was not wide enough. Participants received service and relief from health sector; they had a positive attitude toward health services provided to them. However, 5 out of 6 focus groups stated most villagers were not interested in health education. Only a few participants had some knowledge on how to prepare for a cyclone. Based on these results, there are evident weaknesses on how to prepare for cyclones. Community preparedness is essential to prevent disasters with cyclones, such as with Cyclone Nargis.     

Mental health in complex emergencies

Mental health is becoming a central issue for public health complex emergencies. In this review we present a culturally valid mental health action plan based on scientific evidence that is capable of addressing the mental health effects of complex emergencies. A mental health system of primary care providers, traditional healers, and relief workers, if properly trained and supported, can provide cost-effective, good mental health care. This plan emphasises the need for standardised approaches to the assessment, monitoring, and outcome of all related activities. Crucial to the improvement of outcomes during crises and the availability to future emergencies of lessons learned from earlier crises is the regular dissemination of the results achieved with the action plan. A research agenda is included that should, in time, fill knowledge gaps and reduce the negative mental health effects of complex emergencies.     

Triage in public health emergencies: ethical issues

General concepts about medical disasters, public health and triage are outlined. Triage is described in the context of public health emergencies and disaster settings, and the main ethical values at stake in triage are discussed. Possible conflicts between competing values are outlined. Special attention is given to possible conflicts between the protection of individual interests (typical of clinical ethics), and the pursuit of collective interests (typical of public health and triage). Hippocratic ethics is compared to utilitarian ethics and to perspectives that emphasize the principle of justice. Three ethical attitudes are suggested that may contribute to a resolution of competing values: protection of human dignity, precaution and, especially, solidarity. Personalism promotes the collective good by safeguarding and giving value to the well-being of each individual. A personalistic perspective is suggested as a way to deepen the concept of solidarity as a pillar both of clinical and public health ethics.