共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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血液透析水处理系统是提高血液净化治疗水平,降低血液净化治疗过程中的感染,保障患者医疗安全极其重要的一部分,本文主要探讨水处理系统工作原理和安装调试现场处理经验. 相似文献
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本文介绍了血液净化装置的透析液电导率、透析液温度、透析液pH值、透析液压力、静脉压、动脉压、肝素泵注入流量、脱水精度、称重计等计量参数的检测校准方法及技术要求和对检测校准结果的处理和表达。 相似文献
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赵崇侃 《中国医疗器械杂志》1983,(6)
本文报导了一台用液压伺服控制的间接自动测量人体指动脉血压的装置。用光电容积描记器检测误差信号,用电螺管作为液压机构的推动器。脉带与光电检测器相分离,采用非线性元件——电螺管。 相似文献
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宋纪元 《中国城市环境卫生》2005,(2):14-15
一种采用回转炉床的垃圾气化焚烧余热发电系统,由垃圾前处理、密闭负压垃圾库、带液压推料器进科装置的回转窑、带链条炉排和二燃室的余热锅炉、烟气净化塔、布袋除尘器、除灰系统、灰库、汽轮发电机组等组成。垃圾前处理包括对工业垃圾进行破碎处理和对生活垃圾进行分选处理。密闭负压垃圾库为工业垃圾、生活垃圾、医疗垃圾等进行混合和贮存的地方。由带液压推料器进料装置的回转窑与带链条炉排和二燃室的余热锅炉组成垃圾气化焚烧系统。由烟气净化塔和布袋除尘器组成烟气净化系统。飞灰经输送系统送人灰库贮存,然后进行除二恶英低温热解和重金属固化处理。 相似文献
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Weldon M VanEgdom MJ Hendricks KA Regner G Bell BP Sehulster LM 《Journal of occupational and environmental medicine / American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine》2000,42(8):821-826
To determine if wastewater workers had a higher prevalence of antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) than drinking water workers, a convenience sample of Texas wastewater and drinking water workers was evaluated for risk factors by questionnaire and tested for anti-HAV. A total of 359 wastewater and 89 drinking water workers participated. Anti-HAV positivity was 28.4% for wastewater and 23.6% for drinking water workers. After adjustment for age, educational attainment, and Hispanic ethnicity, the odds ratio for the association between anti-HAV positivity and wastewater industry employment was 2.0 (95% confidence interval, 1.0 to 3.8). Among wastewater workers, never eating in a lunchroom, > or = 8 years in the wastewater industry, never wearing face protection, and skin contact with sewage at least once per day were all significantly associated with anti-HAV positivity in a model that adjusted for age and educational attainment. Wastewater workers in this study had a higher prevalence of anti-HAV than drinking water workers, which suggested that wastewater workers may have been at increased risk of occupationally acquired hepatitis A. Work practices that expose workers to wastewater may increase their risk. 相似文献
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[目的]通过对普通饮水机和冰水机污染状况的调查及其影响因素的分析,对饮水机微生物污染的情况作出一个初步的评价,以便为将来改进和提高饮水机的卫生性能提供科学依据。[方法]随机选择188台普通饮水机和16台冰水机进行卫生学调查,分析调查因素与检出微生物指标之间的关系。[结果]普通饮水机常温龙头水细菌总数、总大肠菌群超标率分别为70.2%、11.2%,霉菌检出率为41.5%;冰水机低温龙头水细菌总数、总大肠菌群超标率分别为81.3%、12.5%,未检出霉菌。饮水机聪明座的霉菌污染与桶内水霉菌污染之间(r_s=0.427,P=0.007)、聪明座的霉菌污染与常温龙头水之间(r_s=0.464,P=0.003)存在等级相关关系。不同放置场所的饮水机常温龙头水总大肠菌群的检出率不同(x~2=14.669,P=0.047);饮水机上使用水的种类对常温龙头水霉菌的检出率有影响(x~2=16.441,P=0.001);桶装水的周转时间及饮水机的清洗频率对常温龙头水总大肠菌群的检出率有影响(分别为x~2=8.254,P=0.041和x~2= 11.348,P=0.010)。[结论]必须重视饮水机的微生物污染;改造饮水机的现有结构;加快桶装水的周转时间并增加清洗频率,正确清洗。 相似文献
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1)目的 :报道了研制的一种适合农村水厂特点的经济、实用、简便易操作、高效的臭氧水处理设备。2 )设计思想及技术路线 :农村水厂的消毒设备必须具备作用迅速 ,运行成本低廉 ,同时自动化程度高、易于操作。臭氧水处理器的技术核心是产生高浓度臭氧并有效地掺混于待处理水中 ,根据用水量的变化 ,自动投加到供水主管路中。3)消毒效果 :加标实验表明 ,在臭氧浓度不低于 0 2mg L时 ,3分钟的接触时间足以杀灭水中的细菌和大肠菌群。现场应用实验结果表明 ,在三个村采集的 2 0个水样细菌总数和大肠菌群均符合生活饮用水水质卫生规范 ,说明臭氧水处理器对大肠菌群和细菌的杀灭作用可靠。 4)讨论及结论 :本研究的创新点在于研制出新型掺混技术 ,效果可靠、作用迅速、程控自动操作、设备自身和运行成本低廉。适合我国国情的农村小型生活饮用水处理系统应用 相似文献
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1)目的:报道了研制的一种适合农村水厂特点的经济,实用,简便易操作,高效的臭氧水处理设备,2)设计思想及技术路线;农村水厂的消毒设备必须具备作用迅速,运行成本低廉,同时自动化程度高,易于操作,臭氧水处理器的技术核心是产生高浓度臭氧并有效地掺混于待处理水中,根据用水量的变化,自动投加到供水主管路中。3)消毒效果;加标实验表明,在臭氧浓度不低于0.2mg/L时,3分钟的接触时间足以杀灭水中的细菌和大肠菌群,现场应用实验结果表明,在三个村采集的20个水样细菌总数和大肠菌群均符合生活饮用水水质卫生规范,说明臭氧水处理器对大肠菌群和细菌的杀灭作用可靠。4)讨论及结论:本研究的创新点在于研制出新型掺混技术,效果可靠,作用迅速,程控自动操作,设备自身和运行成本低廉,适合我国国情的农村小型生活饮用水处理系统应用。 相似文献
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[目的]探讨建立自动售水机制水系统的卫生学评价方法。[方法]参照国外饮用水供应系统的评价方法,建立现制现售纯净水的卫生学评价方法,对卢湾区该类售水机开展全面调研和水质检测。根据获得的信息,对现制现售饮用水供应系统进行危害因素的识别;并对其进行危险度评定,确定危险度管理优先顺序。[结果]通过系统地分析评价,识别潜在危害事件及其可能产生的危害;并确定了管理优先顺序依次为:进水水质控制、设备选址、清洁消毒、水质检测及维护保养。[结论]建立的评价方法可对现制现售饮用水供应系统进行有效评价分析,可为饮用水质量的有效管理提供依据。 相似文献
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目的掌握苏州市吴中区农村饮用水、改厕和粪便处理现状,了解农村垃圾污水治理情况,为制定我市农村饮用水安全及社会主义新农村建设规划提供科学依据。方法按吴中区人口比例分层随机抽取10个行政村,每个村随机选取10户入户调查。结果集中式供水人口占农村总人口的90.9%,分散式供水人口占9.1%;采集水样11份,合格率为63.6%,4份不合格项目主要以大肠菌群为主。卫生厕所使用户数占90.5%;生活性垃圾和污水主要为随意排放;生产性垃圾主要为收集堆放,生产性污水主要为管道排放。结论吴中区农村饮用水和环境卫生现状还有待于进一步改善。 相似文献
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目的 :调查深圳地产蔬菜、水系中致病性原虫的污染现况 ,从而为制订防制对策提供依据。方法 :采集深圳 3个农场种植的蔬菜、饮用水水源、3家水厂出厂水、3家污水处理厂排出水共 2 8份样品 ,通过对致病性原虫抽滤、淘洗、磁分离、染色鉴定 ,检测贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫 (卵囊 )含量。结果 :深圳种植的蔬菜、饮用水水源、饮用水共 2 1份样品均未检出致病性原虫 ,但 2家污水处理厂排出水共 5份样品检出贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫。结论 :目前深圳地产蔬菜、饮用水水源、饮用水未发现致病性原虫污染 ,但污水处理厂排出水中仍检出贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫 ,表明有对地面水和地产蔬菜污染潜在的危险性 相似文献
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深圳市地表水贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫污染状况的调查 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的:了解深圳市地表水贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫的污染状况,为饮用水水质卫生、安全供水提供科学依据。方法:采集以水库水为源水的8家村镇水厂水样及3家污水处理厂排出水,共21份样品,应用美国环保局(EPA)的标准检测方法,对水样作抽滤、淘洗、磁分离、染色鉴定的处理,检测贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫卵囊含量。结果:深圳市8家村镇级水厂有6家源水检出贾第鞭毛虫包囊,1家水厂的源水检出隐孢子虫卵囊,3家污水处理厂中有2家污水处理后排出水检出贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫卵囊。结论:深圳市地表水可检出致病性原虫,源水受到污染的可能性存在,要保证水质卫生,做到优质安全供水,必须加强卫生管理。 相似文献
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D. Schoenen 《Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz》2001,44(4):364-370
The waterborne spread of causative agents of disease (bacteria, viruses and parasites) is still one of the major health risks. Obvious signs of this danger are not only the outbreaks of cholera in South America or hepatitis in Asia, but in particular the epidemics caused by Cryptosporidia and Giardia in some industrialized countries which have been observed in recent years. Transmission of causative agents of disease with water can only be precluded by intensive hygiene protection measures, based on more than 100 years' experience and scientific knowledge. The danger of parasite transfer increases with an increasing contamination of the source of drinking water with the household and/or farm wastewater. This finding is well documented on the example of two comparable cities on Lake Michigan with two different approaches to dealing with their wastewaters. In Milwaukee, the city wastewater is released into the part of Lake Michigan, which also serves as a source of the city drinking water. This city has suffered three epidemic outbreaks, in 1916, 1936, 1938, before the Cryptosporidium epidemic in 1993. Chicago, on the other hand, in order to decrease the death rate due to cholera and typhoid fever, had begun a construction of the Sanitary and Ship Canal as early as 1889. Thanks to the new canal only part of the city wastewater was released into Lake Michigan, which also serves as the source of the city drinking water. 相似文献
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This study aimed at assessing the role of ubiquitous (non-Escherichia coli) Enterobacteriaceae in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance through the urban water cycle. Enterobacteriaceae isolated from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (111 isolates), urban water streams (33 isolates) and drinking water (123 isolates) were compared in terms of: (i) genera distribution, (ii) resistance to 12 antibiotics, and (iii) class 1 and class 2 integrons. The predominant bacterial genera were the same in the different types of water, although with a distinct pattern of species. The most prevalent resistance phenotypes were observed for amoxicillin, ticarcillin, cephalothin and sulphamethoxazole (24-59% in the three types of water). No resistance against ceftazidime or meropenem was observed. Resistance to cephalothin, amoxicillin and sulphamethoxazole was significantly more prevalent in drinking water, water streams and wastewater, respectively, than in the other types of water. It was possible to recognize antibiotic-resistance associations, namely for the pairs streptomycin-tetracycline (positive) and ticarcillin-cephalotin (negative). Class 1 and/or class 2 integrons with similar gene cassettes were detected in the three types of water. This study demonstrated that Enterobacteriaceae are important vehicles of antibiotic resistance, namely in drinking water. 相似文献