Human papillomavirus 16 E6, E7 siRNAs inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of SiHa cervical cancer cells

Objective:To evaluate the effects of HPVI6 E6/E7 siRNAs on cervical cancer SiHa cells.Methods:The expressions of the E6,E7,p53 and Rb genes were assayed by RT-PCR and Western-bloting respectively.The proliferation and apoptosis of the cells were evaluated by MTT and flow cytometry.Results:HPV 16 E6 and E7 oncogenes were selectivly downregulated by HPV 16 E6 and E7 siRNAs,which sustained at least 96 h by single dose siRNA.Furthermore,reduction of E6 and E7 oncogenes expression upregulated the expressions ...     

HPV18E6基因沉默对宫颈癌Hela细胞生长和凋亡的影响

目的：观察RNA干扰法沉默HPV18E6基因表达对宫颈癌Hela细胞牛长和凋亡的影响，探索宫颈癌基因治疗的新途径。方法：针对HPV18E6 mRNA序列合成一对60bp的编码siRNA的DNA模板和一对60bp的非特异性对照DNA模板，构建pSUPER—siRNA和pSUPER—com重组质粒，瞬时转染Hela细胞；采用RT—PCR法检测质粒转染后细胞HPV18E6基因表达的变化，用蛋白免疫印迹法检测转染后Hela细胞p53、p21、Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达变化，以细胞计数法检测细胞生长情况，Hoechest／PI双荧光活细胞染色法检测细胞凋亡。结果：pSUPER—siRNA质粒转染能有效降低HPV18E6在mRNA水平的表达，转染后48小时，抑制效率达70％以上；转染后细胞053、p21和Bax蛋白表达显著增加，Bcl-2蛋白表达减少。RNA干扰法沉默HPV18E6基因表达后，Hela细胞增殖受到明显抑制，细胞凋亡率明显增加。结论：pSUPER—siRNA质粒转染可有效抑制HPV18E6在人宫颈癌Hela细胞中的表达，抑制Hela细胞生长并促进其凋亡。以HPV18E6为靶点的RNA干扰技术可望成为宫颈癌基因治疗的新途径。     

Induction of apoptosis in human keratinocytes containing mutated p53 alleles and its inhibition by both the E6 and E7 oncoproteins

Induction of apoptosis is a function of external stimuli and cellular gene expression. Many cells respond to DNA damage by the induction of apoptosis, which depends on a functional p53 protein and is signaled by elevation of p53 levels. We have investigated the response of immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) bearing mutated alleles of p53 to genotoxic stress and the effect of human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 E6 and E7 on this response. UVC irradiation triggered HaCaT's cell death with several characteristics of apoptosis, including DNA laddering, chromatin condensation and fragmentation, and the appearance of cells with a low content of DNA (categorized as sub-G₁ by cell sorter analysis). This response was accompanied by accumulation of cells in S phase of the cell cycle. HaCaT cells infected with retroviruses carrying HPV16 E6 or E7 showed a significant reduction in their apoptotic response, which was not observed in cells infected with the LXSN vector DNA-carrying virus. Reduced apoptosis in HaCaT cells expressing E6 or E7 also was observed after treatment with the alkylating agent mitomycin C. Western blot analysis of p53 and p21/WAF-1/CIP-1, a downstream effector of p53, did not reveal any changes in the levels of these proteins after UVC irradiation in either HaCaT cells or HaCaT cells expressing HPV16 E6 or E7. Int. J. Cancer 75:96–104, 1998.© 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Methyl jasmonate reduces the survival of cervical cancer cells and downregulates HPV E6 and E7, and survivin

The present study further investigated the mode of action of methyl jasmonate (MJ) in different cervical cancer cell lines. We show that in addition to the short term cytotoxicity, MJ effectively reduced the survival of cervical cancer cells (clonogenicity assays). MJ induced apoptosis in all cervical cancer cells. In some cell lines, MJ caused elevation of the mitochondrial superoxide anion, notably, in HeLa and CaSki. Changes in the expression of p53 and bax were variable, yet, downregulation of survivin was common to all cervical cancer cells. MJ significantly reduced the levels of the human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 and E7 proteins without alteration of the mRNA levels. Moreover, ectopic expression of E6, E7 or both in cervical cancer cells that lack HPV (C33A), did not alter significantly their response to MJ. Our studies point to MJ as an effective anticancer agent against a variety of cervical cancer cells acting through shared and different pathways to induce cell death regardless of the presence of HPV.     

宫颈癌细胞系中HPV16 E6、E7及E6/E7基因对STK31基因甲基化状态及表达的影响

背景与目的：丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶31(serine/threonine kinases 31,STK31)基因在人类多种癌症中扮演重要角色,且STK31基因的表达受其启动子及第一外显子区甲基化状态的影响;病毒感染与肿瘤组织中某些抑癌基因启动子区高甲基化有关。本研究旨在探讨宫颈癌细胞系中HPV16 E6、E7及E6/E7癌基因对STK31基因甲基化状态及表达的影响,以及不同种类甲基转移酶(DNA methyltransferases,DNMTs)基因在STK31基因甲基化中的潜在作用。方法：构建外源性HPV16 E6、E7以及E6/E7基因共表达慢病毒,分别感染人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)阴性宫颈癌细胞系HT-3及C33A,获得稳定转染的细胞系;采用亚硫酸氢盐基因组测序法(bisulfite genomic sequencing,BGS)和甲基化特异性PCR (methylation-specific PCR,MSP)检测3种HPV阳性宫颈癌细胞系HeLa、SiHa和CasKi以及HPV阴性宫颈癌细胞系HT-3和C33A转染前后STK31基因的甲基化状态;RT-PCR及蛋白［质］印迹法(Western blot)检测上述宫颈癌细胞系中STK31基因的表达以及DNMT1、DNMT2、DNMT3a、DNMT3b和DNMT3L基因在HPV16转染前后宫颈癌细胞系及HPV阳性、HPV阴性宫颈癌组织中的表达情况。结果：外源性HPV16 E6、E7以及E6/E7基因可在HPV阴性宫颈癌细胞系中稳定表达。3种HPV阳性细胞系HeLa、SiHa和CasKi中STK31基因呈低甲基化状态,STK31 mRNA及蛋白质表达阳性;2种HPV阴性细胞系HT-3、C33A中STK31基因则表现为高甲基化状态,STK31 mRNA及蛋白质表达缺失;与未感染慢病毒HT-3和C33A细胞系比较,外源性HPV16 E7以及E6/E7表达的HT-3和C33A细胞系STK31基因甲基化程度降低,其mRNA及蛋白质重新表达。DNMT1、DNMT3a和DNMT3b基因在HT-3E6/E7和C33AE6/E7细胞系中mRNA水平分别高于HT-3空载细胞系和C33A空载细胞系,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。DNMT1、DNMT3a和DNMT3b基因的mRNA水平在HPV16阳性宫颈癌组织中的表达高于其在HPV阴性宫颈癌组织中的表达,差异有统计学意义(t=5.997,P<0.001;t=6.743,P<0.001;t=7.926,P<0.001)。DNMT2在HT-3E6/E7和C33AE6/E7细胞系中mRNA表达水平分别低于HT-3空载细胞系和C33A空载细胞系,差异有统计学意义(t=7.451,P<0.001;t=2.451,P<0.05);DNMT2基因转录水平在HPV16阳性宫颈癌组织中低于HPV阴性宫颈癌组织(t=9.134,P<0.001)。DNMT3LmRNA表达水平在宫颈癌细胞系转染前后及HPV阴阳性宫颈癌组织中的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论：HPV感染可导致STK31基因启动子及第1外显子区甲基化状态降低,低甲基化状态促进该基因表达。STK31基因的表达受其启动子及第1外显子区甲基化状态的调控。HPV16 E7、E6/E7基因可能通过影响DNMT2的表达参与调控癌基因STK31基因启动子及第1外显子区甲基化状态。     

HPV-16 E6 siRNA与hIL-24基因联合诱导人宫颈癌Ca Ski细胞的凋亡

目的：观察HPV-16 E6 siRNA与hIL-24基因体外共转染，联合诱导人宫颈癌CaSki细胞凋亡的效应。方法：HPV-16 E6 siRNA与hIL-24基因的质粒载体分别以单独或联合的方式转染入宫颈癌CaSki细胞，随后利用RT—PCR技术检测细胞中HPV-16E6癌基因的mRNA水平变化；Western blot分析细胞中抑癌蛋白p53水平的变化；流式细胞技术分析细胞凋亡情况。结果：经HPV-16 E6 siRNA和hIL-24转染后细胞后HPVE6癌基因的mRNA水平均下降，其中联合转染组显著下降（P〈0，05）；抑癌蛋白p53水平均增高，其中联合转染组显著增高，细胞凋亡率均升高，其中联合转染组显著升高（P〈0．05）。结论：HPV-16 E6siRNA与hIL-24基因分别转染宫颈癌CaSki细胞后，均能抑制CaSki细胞中HPV-16E6癌基因的表达，使抑癌蛋白p53恢复活性，诱导宫颈癌CaSki细胞凋亡；两者联合别具有协同效应，能显著提高肿瘤细胞凋亡率。     

Down-regulation of HPV18 E6, E7, or VEGF expression attenuates malignant biological behavior of human cervical cancer cells

To investigate the effect of down-regulation of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and HPV18 E6/E7 by hairpin RNA (shRNA) on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and adhesion abilities of cervical carcinoma cells, recombinant plasmids including pS-E6 shRNA, pS-E7 shRNA, and pS-VEGF shRNA were constructed and transfected into HeLa cells. The levels of E6 mRNA, E7 mRNA, or VEGF mRNA were significantly reduced after transfection of pS-E6 shRNA (76.0%), pS-E7 shRNA (74.4%), and pS-VEGF shRNA (46.7%). VEGF expression was down-regulated by pS-E6 shRNA (55.1%) and pS-E7 shRNA (46.6%). The apoptosis of HeLa cells was increased, and the proliferation, invasion, and adhesion abilities were decreased significantly. For in vivo study, cancer cells that stably expressed the plasmids were cultured. Cells were transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice to establish xenograft tumor model. Finally, expression of E6 shRNA, E7 shRNA, and VEGF shRNA in cancer cells led to inhibition of the growth of xenograft. Hence, RNA interference could effectively suppress the expression of HPV18 E6/E7 and VEGF in human cervical cancer cells. This suppression attenuates malignant biological behavior of human cervical cancer cells. RNA interference of HPV E6/E7 or VEGF expression implies an effective anti-cervical cancer strategy.     

特异性siRNA抑制宫颈癌细胞CaSKi中HPV16 E6基因的表达

目的：研究RNAi技术抑制宫颈癌细胞CaSKi中HPV16 E6癌基因的表达以及对细胞生物学特性的影响。方法：构建真核细胞表达特异性shRNA的pGENESIL-1/E6（PS6）重组质粒,脂质体转染细胞后用半定量RT-PCR技术检测CaSKi细胞中E6mRNA水平的变化,然后用western blotting检测RNA干扰前后p53和p21蛋白的表达来验证RNAi效应。用透射电子显微镜观察CaSKi/PS6细胞形态变化;应用流式细胞仪检测细胞的凋亡和细胞周期的变化,最后利用细胞计数和裸鼠成瘤实验测定CaSKi/PS6细胞增殖能力。结果：成功构建了真核细胞表达特异性siRNA的PS6重组质粒;在RNA干扰24、48和72小时后CaSKi/PS6细胞中E6mRNA分别下降了21.50%、52.60%和65.60%;CaSKi/PS6细胞出现凋亡的特征性改变;RNA干扰24h、48h和72h后CaSKi/PS6细胞的凋亡率分别为27.94%、31.95%和56.63%,细胞生长周期停滞于S期。结论：应用RNA干扰技术能有效地、特异地抑制宫颈癌细胞中HPV16 E6基因的表达,为RNA干扰应用于研究宫颈癌发病分子机制、临床治疗和干预性预防提供了新的方法。     

特异性siRNA抑制宫颈癌细胞CaSKi中HPV16 E6基因的表达

目的:研究RNAi技术抑制宫颈癌细胞CaSKi中HPV16 E6癌基因的表达以及对细胞生物学特性的影响。方法:构建真核细胞表达特异性shRNA的pGENESIL-1/E6(PS6)重组质粒,脂质体转染细胞后用半定量RT-PCR技术检测CaSKi细胞中E6mRNA水平的变化,然后用western blotting检测RNA干扰前后p53和p21蛋白的表达来验证RNAi效应。用透射电子显微镜观察CaSKi/PS6细胞形态变化;应用流式细胞仪检测细胞的凋亡和细胞周期的变化,最后利用细胞计数和裸鼠成瘤实验测定CaSKi/PS6细胞增殖能力。结果:成功构建了真核细胞表达特异性siRNA的PS6重组质粒;在RNA干扰24、48和72小时后CaSKi/PS6细胞中E6mRNA分别下降了21.50%、52.60%和65.60%;CaSKi/PS6细胞出现凋亡的特征性改变;RNA干扰24h、48h和72h后CaSKi/PS6细胞的凋亡率分别为27.94%、31.95%和56.63%,细胞生长周期停滞于S期。结论:应用RNA干扰技术能有效地、特异地抑制宫颈癌细胞中HPV16 E6基因的表达,为RNA干扰应用于研究宫颈癌发病分子机制、临床治疗和干预性预防提供了新的方法。     

小干扰RNA抑制宫颈癌Hela细胞株HPV18 E6、E7基因的表达

目的:以人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)18型E6基因为靶点,研究小干扰RNA(small interference RNA,siRNA)对宫颈癌Hela细胞株HPV18基因组中恶性转化基因E6、E7的抑制作用及对细胞内P53蛋白表达的影响。方法:实验分细胞培养液阴性对照组(阴性对照组),无关序列siRNA对照组(无关序列对照组)及转染HPV18 E6-siRNA实验组(siRNA实验组)。设计并合成HPV18 E6-siRNA及无关序列siRNA,转染Hela细胞后,RT-PCR检测转染后48、120 h细胞内HPV18E6、E7mRNA的变化,Western blotting检测转染后48 h细胞内HPV18 E7和P53蛋白的变化。结果:siRNA转染Hela细胞的效率约为85%。siRNA转染后48 h,实验组细胞内HPV18E6、E7mRNA及E7蛋白含量降低,其含量分别为阴性对照组的33.33%、36.78%及33.84%;实验组细胞内P53蛋白含量增加,其含量为阴性对照组的2.194倍。siRNA转染后120 h,实验组细胞HPV18E6、E7mRNA含量恢复为阴性对照组的90.91%、101.60%。结论:HPV18 E6-siRNA体外能明显抑制宫颈癌Hela细胞HPV18E6、E7基因的表达,增加细胞内肿瘤抑制因子P53蛋白的水平。     

靶向切割HPVl6E6 mRNA的核酶诱导宫颈癌细胞CaSKi凋亡的研究

背景与目的：人乳头瘤病毒与宫颈癌的发生相关,核酶是一种能切割靶RNA的特殊RNA。本研究旨在探讨转染了靶向切割HPVl6E6 mRNA核酶的宫颈癌细胞株的表型,以及核酶对宫颈癌细胞增殖与调亡的作用。方法：计算机设计特异性切割HPVl6E6 mRNA的核酶,构建抗HPVl6E6核酶(HRz)的真核表达质粒。以脂质体法将抗HPVl6E6核酶、空载体质粒分别导入CaSKi细胞,命名为CaSKi—R和CaSKi—P细胞。Northern杂交检测3种细胞中E6基因的表达。流式细胞仪检测3种细胞的凋亡率,将3种细胞在相差显微镜和荧光显微镜下观察,采用荧光(Hoechst33342)染色和TUNEL(TDT—mediated dUTP nick end labeling)两种方法测定细胞凋亡。流式细胞术测定HPVl6E6、c—myc、bcl—2、p53、Fas等蛋白的表达。结果：RNA点杂交证实核酶mRNA能稳定表达于CaSKi—R细胞中。Northern杂交证实CaSKi—R中E6mRNA表达水平较CaSKi细胞明显降低,而CaSKi—P和CaSKi细胞的E6mRNA表达水平无差异。CaSKi—R细胞凋亡率明显高于CaSKi和CaSKi—P细胞,细胞周期阻滞于C期,S期细胞百分率下降。抗HPVl6E6核酶能明显减少CaSKi—R细胞中HPVl6E6、c—myc、bcl—2蛋白的表达,增高P53蛋白的表达;这种现象并不发生于CaSKi—P细胞中。Fas蛋白的表达在3种细胞中都相近。结论：抗HPVl6E6核酶的导入能诱导宫颈癌细胞凋亡,其原因可能在于病毒癌基因E6表达的降低,以及由此而引起的细胞内一系列基因表达的改变,包括c—myc、bcl—2、p53等基因。