经食管超声监测引导行瓣膜修复治疗二尖瓣关闭不全

经食管超声监测引导行瓣膜修复治疗二尖瓣关闭不全王敏生，王春生，陈海泉，沈学东，施月芳，何军我们自１９８７年３月～１９９１年５月为３３例二尖瓣关闭不全病人施行了瓣膜修复术，其中１８例（５４．５５％）系在经食管超声监测下进行，现就后者报道如下：临床资料１...     

风湿性二尖瓣病变修复成形术的进展与存在问题

近２０多年来，二尖瓣病变修复成形术的发展，是心脏瓣膜外科领域内的重要进展之一。应用现代的二尖瓣综合成形技术，可获得良好的长期效果，其心功能的恢复优于二尖瓣替换手术。一、概述追溯二尖瓣成形术的历史，１９５７年Ｌｉｌｅｈｅｉ等首先应用后瓣环折叠术，此后，...     

风湿性二尖瓣病理与瓣膜切削成形术

对４３例风湿性二尖瓣病人手术切除标本进行组织病理学研究。结果从大体Ｉ型至ＩＩ型，瓣膜病变的范围和程度逐渐加重，镜下从甲型到乙Ｃ型瘢痕累及深度和范围也逐渐增加，两者间原则上存在着一致性。因此提出瓣膜切削术的可行性，并为风湿性瓣膜成形术预后的判断提供线索     

二尖瓣成形术及二尖瓣置换术治疗风湿性二尖瓣病变的近期效果比较

目的 探究二尖瓣成形术及二尖瓣置换术治疗风湿性二尖瓣病变的近期效果。方法 选取2019年7月—2023年6月收治的风湿性二尖瓣病变患者400例作为研究对象。200例实施二尖瓣成形术（研究组）,200例实施二尖瓣置换术（对照组）,比较两组患者心功能、术中相关指标、住院时间、二尖瓣反流情况和并发生发生情况。结果 治疗前研究组左心室舒张内径（LVEDD）、左心室收缩末期内径（LVESD）、左心室射血分数（LVEF）、左房内径（LAD）与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,治疗后研究组各指标均优于对照组（P<0.05）;研究组手术术中出血量和住院时间少于对照组,体外循环时间和手术时间长于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;研究组二发生3例二尖瓣中度反流,15例轻度反流,发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;研究组并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 二尖瓣成形术治疗风湿性二尖瓣病变效果更佳,可促进患者术后恢复,安全性高,心功能改善更明显,值得临床推广。     

风湿性二尖瓣病变伴房颤的外科治疗

目的　回顾性分析二尖瓣置换术 (MVR)同期Cox迷宫III型手术治疗风湿性二尖瓣病变伴房颤 (Af)的效果。方法　 1994年 3月至 1999年 2月间采用上述方法治疗病人 5 4例。其中男 30例 ,女2 4例 ;年龄 (45 32± 6 37)岁。风湿病史 15年以上 ,房颤病史 2～ 7年。术前心功能III～IV级。均行MVR +Cox迷宫III型手术 ,三尖瓣中度以上关闭不全者附加三尖瓣成形术 (TVP) 34例 ,清除左房血栓 4例。结果　本组无手术死亡 ,主动脉阻断和体外循环时间分别为 (75± 2 0 )min和 (12 4± 36 )min。复跳后出血 2例 ,止血治疗均有效。随访 2 4～ 5 0个月 ,术后Af均消失。有 1例为结性心律 ;窦性心律者占98 11% (5 2 / 5 3例 ) ,最大体力活动时均无窦性迟钝现象 ,无需安装起搏器 ,均有心房收缩功能 ;术后 1年心功能Ⅰ级者占 98 11% (5 2 / 5 3例 ) ,II级 1 88% (1/ 5 3例 ) ;无抗凝严重出血 ,亦无血栓栓塞并发症。术后早期死亡 1例 (1 85 % ) ,术后 1周死于多脏器功能衰竭。术后第 3年晚期死亡 1例 (1 88% )。结论　MVR同期行迷宫III型手术治疗风湿性二尖瓣病变伴房颤安全有效 ,能消除Af,恢复心房收缩功能 ,可避免术后血栓栓塞并发症 ,远期疗效确切。     

二尖瓣修复术治疗感染性心内膜炎所致二尖瓣反流患者

目的探讨二尖瓣修复及置换术对感染性心内膜炎所致二尖瓣反流患者的疗效。 方法选取2014年1月至2016年1月于淄博市中心医院就诊的126例感染性心内膜炎所致二尖瓣反流患者为研究对象,根据治疗过程中手术方式不同分为研究组和对照组（各63例）,研究组患者采取二尖瓣修复术进行治疗,对照组患者采取二尖瓣置换术进行治疗。详细记录入组患者的气管插管时间、入住重症加强护理病房（ICU）时间、感染发生率、手术患者病死率、住院天数、住院花费等;记录患者心脏超声检查结果：左心室射血分数、左心室舒张末期直径、左心室收缩末期直径、左心房直径及二尖瓣反流得分,并记录随访指标。 结果与对照组患者相比,研究组患者气管插管时间[（16.48 ± 8.06）h]、入住ICU时间[（2.12 ± 0.86）h]、术后病死率（1.59%）、住院时间[（22.46 ± 10.34）d]、栓塞发生率（4.76%）以及住院花费[（10.63 ± 3.57）万元]差异均有统计学意义（t = 1.35、P = 0.04,t = 3.68、P = 0.02,χ² = 4.67、P = 0.01,t = 4.03、P = 0.01,χ² = 1.69、P = 0.04,t = 3.06、P = 0.03）;研究组患者术后左心室射血分数[（49.06 ± 10.24）%]、左心房直径[（43.25 ± 8.98）mm]和二尖瓣反流得分[（1.12 ± 0.31）分]均小于对照组患者,左心室舒张末期直径[（52.46 ± 7.42）mm]和左心室收缩末期直径[（39.70 ± 8.09）mm]均大于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义（t = 1.23、2.84、3.89、1.34、2.01,P = 0.04、0.02、0.01、0.03、0.02）。随访显示,研究组患者左心室射血分数[（61.38 ± 8.61）%]大于对照组患者（t = 5.31、P = 0.01）,左心室舒张末期直径[（48.69 ± 9.57）mm]和随访病死率（4.76%）均小于对照组,差异有统计学意义（t = 3.24、P = 0.02,χ² = 2.91,P = 0.03）。单因素方差分析显示入住ICU时间、插管时间和心功能衰竭史均为感染性心内膜炎患者手术死亡危险因素（t = 2.34、P = 0.01,t = 1.09、P = 0.03,χ² = 1.61、P = 0.02）。 结论二尖瓣修复术对感染性心内膜炎所致二尖瓣反流疗效和预后较好,能够缩短患者住院时间和降低入院费用。     

主动脉瓣修复术治疗风湿性主动脉瓣病变的术后中期疗效评估

目的:评估风湿性心脏病患者主动脉瓣修复手术后近中期疗效。方法:2016年1月至2020年12月,共54例风湿性心脏病患者在北京安贞医院接受主动脉瓣修复手术。男25例,女29例,年龄(50.61±13.29)岁。单纯主动脉瓣关闭不全31例(57.4%),单纯主动脉瓣狭窄2例(3.7%),复合病变21例(38.9%);同期...     

Mitral valve repair for infective endocarditis

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the feasibility of mitral valve (MV) repair in patients with active or healed infective endocarditis (IE) with mitral regurgitation and evaluated effects on left ventricular (LV) function and structure. METHODS: Subjects comprised 19 patients who underwent MV operations for IE between December 2004 and September 2007. MV repair was performed for acute IE in 10 of 15 patients (67%) and for healed IE in 4 of 4 patients (100%). RESULTS: No early or late postoperative deaths were encountered. One patient underwent redo MV repair owing to severe mitral regurgitation 1 month postoperatively. Postoperative echocardiography after MV repair demonstrated less than trivial (acute IE in seven, healed IE in three) or mild (acute IE in three, healed IE in one) mitral regurgitation. In patients with MV replacement, the postoperative left atrial dimension (LAD) was decreased (51.5 +/- 39.2 vs. 39.2 +/- 1.9 mm, P = 0.007); however LV end-diastolic dimension (LVDD) and LV end-systolic dimension were unchanged. In patients with MV repair, LVDD (57.5 +/- 6.5 vs. 46.0 +/- 5.6 mm, P < 0.001), LV end-systolic dimension (36.1 +/- 5.2 vs. 32.4 +/- 6.2 mm, P = 0.04), LAD (43.1 +/- 8.1 vs. 33.6 +/- 7.7 mm, P = 0.003) were reduced. Postoperative ejection fraction (55.3 +/- 13.5% vs. 41.8% +/- 10.0%, P = 0.03) and fraction shortening (30.1% +/- 9.2% vs. 20.7% +/- 5.5%, P = 0.03) were better in patients with MV repair than those with MV replacement. CONCLUSIONS: MV repair is feasible in patients with both active and healed IE. MV repair preserves better LV function and structure postoperatively.     

Late results after mitral valve replacement with Mosaic bioprosthesis in patients aged 65 years or younger

Open in a separate window OBJECTIVESAlthough in younger patients indications for biological prosthesis implantation in mitral valve replacement remain controversial, recently bioprostheses use increased considerably. We present late results obtained with the Medtronic Mosaic bioprosthesis in patients aged 65 years or younger. METHODSBetween 2007 and 2017, 67 mitral Mosaic bioprostheses were implanted in patients aged 65 years or younger (58.5 ± 6.4 years). Follow-up extended up to 13 years. Survival, freedom from structural valve degeneration, endocarditis, thromboembolic events and reoperation were considered as main clinical end points evaluated at 1, 5 and 10 years.RESULTSThe mean follow-up was 4.7 ± 2.8 years. Overall mortality rate was 12%. At 1, 5 and 10 years, survival was 94 ± 3%, 89 ± 4% and 77 ± 9%, respectively. Freedom from structural valve degeneration was 100%, 94 ± 4% and 71 ± 21%. Freedom from endocarditis was 95 ± 3%, 90 ± 6% and 84 ± 8%. Freedom from thromboembolic events was 94 ± 3%, 90 ± 5% and 90 ± 5%. Freedom from reoperation was 94 ± 3%, 87 ± 5% and 65 ± 19%.CONCLUSIONSMosaic bioprosthesis appears a valid mitral valve substitute even when employed in ≤65-year-old patients.     

Mitral valve repair for broad, asymmetrical prolapse in the posterior mitral leaflet

We designed a mitral valve repair and successfully performed this repair for a case of broad, asymmetrical prolapse in the middle scallop of the posterior mitral leaflet. The repair procedure consists of making a fan-shaped leaflet by resecting the prolapsed portion in a trapezoid shape with detachment of the leaflet along the annulus and leaflet reapproximation by rotating this fan-shaped leaflet. This technique can utilize more leaflet tissue for filling the gap made by leaflet resection than the quadrangular resection and suture technique. As a result, it helps reduce tension on the suture lines, avoids the need for extensive annular plication, and also avoids leaflet distortion while making it easier to adjust the height of the leaflets that should be reapproximated. The essence of this mitral valve repair exists in the “resecting line of the leaflet,” which has not yet been reported.     

Mitral valve repair in patients with end stage cardiomyopathy: who benefits?

Objective: Patients with end stage cardiomyopathy frequently present with additional severe mitral regurgitation. We analyzed the outcome of mitral valve reconstruction in this high risk patient group. Methods: Sixty-six patients with significant mitral regurgitation and an ejection fraction (EF) below 30% (dilated CARDIOMYOPATHY=53, ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM)=13) were retrospectively evaluated from 07/96 and 02/02. All received annuloplasty ring implantation and additional repair (n=4) if required. Mean follow-up was 28±18 months. Results: Mitral valve repair (MVR) was technically feasible in all patients. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) revealed none (n=60) or only trivial (n=6) residual mitral regurgitation. Thirty day mortality was 6.1%. Actuarial survival after 1 and 5 years was 86±4 and 66±8%, respectively. During follow-up seven patients were transplanted due to lack of clinical improvement after 10±7 months (range 1–23). Echocardiography revealed a significant improvement in EF (25±10.5% pre-op, 34±15% post-op) and a slight decrease in left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (69±10 mm pre-op, 67±13 mm follow up). Patients were in NYHA functional -class 3 (median) preoperatively and in class 2 at long term-follow-up. Gender, left ventricular enddiastolic diameter, preoperative ejection fraction or type of surgical approach (sternotomy, right lateral minithoracotomy) had no significant influence on patient outcome. Patients with ICM or patients older than 60 years showed an increased risk for clinical events both early post-operatively and at long-term follow-up. Conclusion: MVR can be performed with low perioperative morbidity and mortality even in patients with advanced heart failure, modifying selection criteria for potential candidates may further improve long term outcome.     

有支架与无支架生物瓣膜行主动脉瓣置换临床对比研究

目的　探讨无支架Medtronic生物瓣行主动脉瓣置换的临床效果。方法　将 6 8例同期施行主动脉瓣置换术病人分为 2组 ,38例行无支架Medtronic生物瓣置换 ,30例对照组行有支架生物瓣置换。术前及术后 2个月随访行超声心动图检查。结果　无支架组和有支架组病人术后各项检测指标差异有显著性意义。无支架组跨瓣压差 (18 0± 3 7)mmHg(1mmHg =0 133kPa)明显低于有支架组(33 7± 8 3)mmHg;左室射血分数 0 6 5± 0 0 5 ,明显高于有支架组 0 5 6± 0 0 8;左室收缩末内径和左室舒张末内径分别为 (3 8± 0 8)cm和 (4 5± 0 4 )cm ,明显低于有支架组 (4 2± 1 4 )cm和 (5 1± 0 9)cm ;无支架组瓣环内径 (2 2 1± 1 8)mm大于有支架组 (19 5± 1 7)mm。结论　无支架Medtronic生物瓣较有支架生物瓣具有较低的跨瓣压差和良好的血流动力学 ,能促进左室功能的恢复。     

小年龄患儿的二尖瓣置换手术

目的 总结5岁以下二尖瓣病变患儿行二尖瓣置换手术的治疗经验.方法 2008年1月至2011年12月,共12例5岁以下的二尖瓣病变患儿进行二尖瓣置换手术.其中男9例,女3例;年龄4～58个月,平均(26.2±18.1)个月;体质量5.6 ～13.0 kg,平均(9.6±3.8) kg.患儿有中度以上二尖瓣反流或(和)明显的二尖瓣狭窄,均伴有明显的心功能衰竭.3例为二尖瓣成形术后再行二尖瓣置换术.均置入机械瓣膜,9例采用17 ～ 23号主动脉瓣反向置入,3例采用25～27号二尖瓣正向置入.结果 手术死亡1例(8.3％).术后心律失常2例,轻度溶血2例,经治疗均恢复正常.11例生存患儿心功能改善明显,未出现出血和血栓形成等异常情况.结论 严重二尖瓣病变对小年龄儿童的心功能影响极大,尽早手术干预是惟一的选择,二尖瓣置换术是二尖瓣成形手术效果不佳患儿的最后选择.采用型号相对较小的主动脉瓣倒置置入二尖瓣环内,基本解决了机械瓣瓣膜-患者不匹配的问题,但置入小型号机械瓣的患儿再次行二尖瓣置换术的可能较大;小年龄儿童有良好的抗凝依从性,但需加强监测抗凝指标,以防发生出血和栓塞.     

Mitral valve reconstruction: long-term results of triangular resection for degenerative prolapse

Objectives. Surgical treatment of a prolapsed anterior leaflet of the mitral valve is relatively difficult and controversial compared with management of a prolapsed posterior leaflet. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term results of mitral valve repair, focusing on triangular resection of the anterior leaflet. Methods. Between October 1991 and December 2006, surgical treatment for a prolapsed anterior leaflet was performed in 57 patients with degenerative mitral valve disease, including 49 patients who had anterior leaflet resection. Patients with mitral stenosis, ischemic mitral regurgitation, and congenital valvular disease were excluded. The mean age of the patients was 51.7 ± 15.9 years, and the mean follow-up period was 6.2 ± 3.8 years. Results. The overall actuarial survival rate and noreoperation rate at 10 years were 91.7% ± 4.1% and 92.3% ± 3.7%, respectively. Reoperation was performed in 2 (4%) of 49 patients who had anterior leaflet resection. All patients survived after reoperation, which involved mitral valve replacement. Postoperative echocardiographic studies showed that the mitral valve area was significantly smaller after repair in patients with anterior leaflet resection, but the area was still large enough for a functional valve. Among the 57 patients, 42 had no mitral regurgitation, whereas it was mild in 7 patients and moderate in 3 patients. Conclusion. Triangular resection of a prolapsed anterior leaflet of the mitral valve provides durable and reliable long-term results.     

Mitral valve repair by Alfieri''s technique does not limit exercise tolerance more than Carpentier''s correction

Objective: The main goal of this study was to evaluate if the edge-to-edge mitral repair could be a limiting factor for exercise tolerance and to compare these results to those of classical techniques. Methods: Between 2000 and 2002, 54 consecutive patients were operated on for mitral valve regurgitation (MR). Twenty-five patients were operated with Alfieri's technique (group A) and 29 patients with Carpentier's technique (group C). The mean age was 63.9 years in group A and 63.8 years in group C (p = 0.98). After a mean follow-up of 16.2 ± 12 months, survivor patients were seen at the outpatient clinic, by the same physician for a clinical evaluation, an echocardiogram at rest and at peak exercise, and received a cardiorespiratory exercise testing with maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂ max) recording. Results: Clinical status improved with 0% of the patients in class NYHA III or IV in either group postoperatively versus 77% preoperatively. There was no significant MR in 80% of cases in group A versus 89.6% in group C (p = 0.54). The mean mitral valve area was 2.5 and 2.9 cm² in groups A and C, respectively (p = 0.018). The mitral gradient at rest was 3.8 and 3.3 mmHg (p = 0.31) and the mitral gradient at peak exercise was 8.5 and 9.7 mmHg (p = 0.22) in groups A and C, respectively. Cardiorespiratory exercise testing showed a mean VO₂ max of 73.7 ± 15% of normal value in group A versus 79.6 ± 13.1% in group C (p = 0.18). Conclusion: Alfieri's technique has the same efficiency on improvement of MR and clinical status than classical repair. Despite a higher restriction of mitral valve area at rest in group A, gradient and mean VO₂ max at peak exercise were similar in both groups.     

Mitral valve repair in chronic severe mitral regurgitation: short-term results and analysis of mortality predictors

IntroductionMitral valve repair is the accepted treatment for mitral regurgitation (MR) but lack of resources and socioeconomic concerns delay surgical referral and intervention in developing countries. We evaluated immediate and short-term results of mitral valve repair for non-ischemic MR at our centre and aimed to identify the predictors of in-hospital and follow-up mortality.Materials and methodsThe study was conducted at a tertiary-level hospital in South India. All patients >18 years with severe non-ischemic MR who underwent mitral valve repair over a period of 6 years were included. Perioperative data was collected from hospital records and follow-up data was obtained by prospective methods.ResultsThere were 244 patients (170 males). Most of the patients were in the age group 31–60 years (76.6%). Aetiology of MR was degenerative (n = 159; 65.2%), rheumatic (n = 34; 13.9%), structural (n = 42; 17.2%), or miscellaneous (n = 9; 3.7%). All patients underwent ring annuloplasty with various valve repair techniques. One hundred patients (44.7%) underwent additional cardiac procedures. At discharge, MR was moderate in 4 patients; the rest had no or mild MR. The mean hospital stay of survivors was 7.1 days (SD 2.52, range 5–25 days). There were 9 in-hospital deaths (3.68%) and 10 deaths during follow-up (4.2%). The mean follow-up period was 1.39 years, complete for 87.6%. Pre-operative left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) <60% (p = 0.04) was found to be significantly associated with immediate mortality. Logistic regression analysis detected age (p = 0.019), female sex (p = 0.015), and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction at discharge (p = 0.025) to be significantly associated with follow-up mortality.ConclusionPre-operative LV dysfunction was identified as a significant risk factor for in-hospital mortality. Female sex, age greater than 45 years, and LV dysfunction at discharge were found to be significantly associated with follow-up mortality. Hence, it is important to perform mitral valve repair in severe regurgitation patients before significant LV dysfunction sets in for a better outcome.