25例原发性肠道T细胞淋巴瘤的临床、病理及内镜特点分析

目的通过分析原发性肠道T细胞淋巴瘤(PITL)患者的临床、病理和内镜特点,提高对该类疾病的认识和诊断水平。方法筛选2012年8月至2018年8月于北京协和医院住院并经病理确诊为PITL的患者25例,采集其临床信息,进行回顾性分析。结果 25例PITL中,单形性嗜上皮性肠道T细胞淋巴瘤(MEITL)9例,结外NK/T淋巴瘤(ENKTL)5例,肠道T细胞淋巴瘤-非特指型(ITL-NOS)5例,外周T细胞性淋巴瘤(PTL)4例,间变性大细胞淋巴瘤ALK阳性和T淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤各1例;男女比例为4∶1,中位年龄为45(13～82)岁,中位病程为5(0.25～108)个月;常见症状为体质量明显下降(72%)、腹痛(64%)、腹泻(64%)、发热(64%);22例患者行内镜检查,病灶呈溃疡型13例(59.1%)、侵袭型7例(31.8%)、隆起型2例(9.1%),内镜活检的确诊率为54.5%(12/22),首次活检确诊率仅为31.8%(7/22);25例患者共行17人次手术,其中11次为肠穿孔或消化道大出血后的急诊手术,急腹症发生率为44%(11/25);MEITL患者在发病年龄、体质量下降、LDH水平、EBV感染、hsCRP水平、内镜活检确诊率、病变累及范围及病变内镜表现方面与其他PITL患者存在差异,有统计学意义。结论 PITL的常见内镜表现为溃疡型和侵袭型,单次活检确诊率低,对疑诊患者应多次多部位活检以提高诊断率;MEITL是PITL中最常见的病理类型,其临床及内镜特点不同于其他PITL。     

淋巴瘤样肉芽肿的临床病理特点

在2004年版WHO肺肿瘤组织学分类中,将淋巴瘤样肉芽肿（lymphomatoid granulomatosis,LG）肿瘤细胞定义为Epstein—Barr（EB）病毒阳性B细胞,伴有丰富的反应性T细胞,从良性、交界性到恶性（分Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级）呈谱系变化。Ⅲ级为弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤（DLBCL）的一种亚型,即为结外多系统和多器官受累的、富于T细胞的EB病毒阳性大B细胞淋巴瘤。该病变罕见,临床缺乏特异性,极易误诊或漏诊。我们对其临床、影像和病理学特点、认识变迁及发病机制等进行综述。     

细胞毒性T细胞淋巴瘤134例临床病理学特点及预后

目的:探讨细胞毒性T细胞淋巴瘤（cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma,CTL）临床病理学特点及预后。方法:回顾性收集2008至2020年首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院、解放军联勤保障部队第九八九医院（原第一五二中心医院）和河北医科大学第四医院共计134例CTL患者的临床病理资料,检测肿瘤细胞的免疫表型、EB...     

小儿间变性大细胞性淋巴瘤

目的 :探讨小儿间变性大细胞性淋巴瘤的临床、病理及预后。方法 :对 17例外检和尸检小儿间变性大细胞性淋巴瘤的临床资料、病理切片和随访结果进行分析。结果 :间变性大细胞性淋巴瘤占小儿非霍奇金淋巴瘤的 12 8% ;临床表现主要是外周淋巴结肿大及皮肤损害 ,长期反复发热常见 ;病理特征为淋巴结部分受累 ,成片异形大细胞侵犯淋巴窦及副皮质区 ,免疫组化CD30强阳性 ;预后相对较好。结论 :小儿间变性大细胞性淋巴瘤并不少见 ,需与恶性组织细胞增生症、T区或多形T淋巴瘤、霍奇金淋巴瘤、蕈样霉菌病和转移性癌等鉴别。CD30、CD15、LCA和EMA免疫酶标检查对诊断及鉴别诊断十分有用。     

EB病毒相关与不相关的肠道T细胞淋巴瘤临床病理研究

目的：探讨EB病毒相关与不相关的肠道T细胞淋巴瘤的临床病理特征、免疫分型和肿瘤细胞属性。方法：运用EBER1／2原位杂交检测EB病毒感染,采用免疫组化检测32例肠肠道原发T细胞淋巴瘤的免疫表型以及LMP－1、TIA－1、bcl-2和CD21的表达。结果：（1）27例（84．4％）为EB病毒相关淋巴瘤,其中11例（40．75）表达LMP－1。（2）32例瘤细胞均表达CD45RO,CD8＋。4例（12．5％）,CD4＋8例（25．0％）,CD56＋9例（28．1％）,17例（53．7％）为CD4－、CD8－、CD56－。TIA－1＋31例（96．9％）。无1例表达bcl2-,CD21。形态上28例为多形性中一大细胞性,单形性中等大细胞性和多形性各2例。临床上多见于青壮年男性,以腹痛、便血、发热、体重下降为主要症状,预后较差（中位生存期1．7月）。（3）EB病毒相关与相关者出现便血和发热以及CD3,CD8、CD56的表达方面差异有显著性。结论：在我国,绝大多数肠道T细胞淋巴瘤为EB病毒相关,具有特殊临床病理表现和免疫表型。其肿瘤细胞源自不同T细胞亚群（包括细胞毒性T细胞）或者NK细胞。     

双侧肾上腺原发性NK/T细胞淋巴瘤1例并文献复习

目的探讨肾上腺原发性NK/T细胞淋巴瘤(NK/T cell lymphoma)的临床病理学特征、免疫表型、分子表型、诊断及鉴别诊断、治疗及预后。方法回顾性分析1例NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的临床病理学特征、影像学资料、免疫表型、治疗及预后,并复习相关文献。结果患者女性,68岁,肾上腺双侧巨大实性占位。镜下正常肾上腺固有结构消失,瘤细胞呈弥漫性片状分布,以小圆蓝细胞为主,核分裂象多见。免疫表型:瘤细胞表达TIA-1、Granzyme B、CD56、CD2、CD3,Ki-67增殖指数为90%,EBER原位杂交结果阳性,符合肾上腺原发性NK/T细胞淋巴瘤。结论肾上腺淋巴瘤少见,其中以继发性多见,原发性罕见。病理类型为NK/T细胞淋巴瘤则更为罕见,其治疗以手术联合放、化疗为主,预后差。熟悉NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的临床病理特征及免疫表型,EBV的存在与否,结合临床病史,有助于正确诊断。     

淋巴结细胞毒性自然杀伤/T细胞淋巴瘤

目的 探讨淋巴结细胞毒性自然杀伤（NK/T）细胞淋巴瘤的临床病理学特征。方法 对5例淋巴结细胞毒性NK/T细胞淋巴瘤作临床病理观察及随访、用ISAB法做免疫表型分析（CD35RO、CD8、CD56、CD30、CD20、TIA-1）及EBER1/2原位杂交检测。结果 淋巴结细胞毒性NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的瘤 理组织学特点为：（1）淋巴结结构明显破坏并被瘤细胞所取代：（2）瘤细胞呈多形性;（3）我数肿瘤细胞表达淋巴细胞分化抗原。5例中CD45RO阳性的有4例,其中3例瘤细胞同时呈CD56阳性;1例为无标记细胞性;所有病例的TIA-1和EBER均为阳性。结论 淋巴结细胞毒性NK/T细胞淋巴瘤有特征性的形态改变和免疫表型。提示肿瘤进展及预后不良。     

肠道单形性亲上皮性T细胞淋巴瘤12例临床病理学特征

目的探讨肠道单形性亲上皮性T细胞淋巴瘤的临床病理学特征以及诊断、鉴别诊断。方法收集2012至2018年间南京医科大学第一附属医院行外科手术切除后,病理HE切片、免疫组织化学及基因重排证实为单形性亲上皮性T细胞淋巴瘤,并有完整临床病理资料的病例12例,分析其临床及病理特征,完善补充相关检查并获得随访资料。结果12例患者均为单形性亲上皮性T细胞淋巴瘤,男性8例,女性4例(男女比2∶1),中位年龄54岁;发病部位:空肠4例,回肠5例(其中1例侵及乙状结肠),十二指肠、回盲部和直肠各1例;镜下观察:11例肿瘤细胞形态单一,中等大小,核圆形,深染;1例肿瘤细胞呈多形性,核大,深染,可见多核及巨核,异型性大,核仁明显,核分裂象及核碎裂易见;淋巴结转移1例。免疫组织化学:CD3(12/12)、CD8(11/12)、CD43(11/12)、CD56(11/12)、T细胞胞质内抗原(TIA)1(12/12)均阳性,CD5(12/12)、颗粒酶B(9/12)、穿孔素(7/12)均阴性,Ki-67阳性指数约60%~90%,2例患者出现了CD20(B细胞标志物)反常阳性表达,EB病毒编码的小RNA(EBER)阴性(12/12)。全外显子测序:高频的突变基因为JAK3(3/4)、TP53(3/4)、SETD2(2/4)、STAT5A(2/4)、STAT5B(2/4);基因拷贝数变异主要有:3例患者均出现1q、7q、9q获得,以及7p、8p缺失。KEGG富集信号通路主要有:PI3K-Akt信号通路,MAPK信号通路,JAK-STAT信号通路及细胞凋亡信号通路。结论单形性亲上皮性T细胞淋巴瘤是一种罕见的高度侵袭性结外肠道淋巴瘤,临床表现及组织形态学多样,难与NK/T细胞淋巴瘤、肠病相关T、惰性T等肠道T细胞淋巴瘤鉴别,诊断时需结合临床病理、免疫组织化学、基因检测等。     

皮下脂膜炎性T细胞淋巴瘤临床病理分析

目的分析皮下脂膜炎性Ｔ细胞淋巴瘤的病理形态和生物学行为特点,并对其分类命名作一探讨。方法用ＨＥ和免疫组化ＡＢＣ方法对４例原发并定位于皮下脂肪组织中的Ｔ细胞淋巴瘤进行临床病理学和免疫组织化学观察。结果４例病人均表现１～３ｃｍ的皮下结节,伴高热,临床经过凶猛,短期死亡。组织学上以肿瘤细胞（ＣＤ４５ＲＯ阳性）浸润脂肪小叶之间及大量豆袋细胞（ｂｅａｎｂａｇｃｅｌ,ＣＤ６８阳性）为特征。结论皮下脂膜炎性Ｔ细胞淋巴瘤是一种恶性度很高的外周Ｔ细胞淋巴瘤。     

原发于骨骼肌的间变性大细胞T细胞淋巴瘤

目的：探讨骨骼肌原发的间变性大细胞淋巴瘤的临床病理特征和免疫表型。方法：采用常规制片和免疫组化(S-P)法检测1例（14岁）骨骼肌原发的间变性大细胞淋巴瘤。结果：肿瘤细胞CD30、ALK-1、CD45RO和CD45阳性；而CD20、EMA、S-100蛋白、desmin和CD68阴性。结论：本例为间变性淋巴瘤激酶（ALK）阳性的间变性大细胞淋巴瘤。骨骼肌原发的间变性大细胞淋巴瘤非常少见，诊断旱应先排除其它肿瘤和其它部位淋巴瘤累及骨骼肌。     

Primary cutaneous peripheral T-cell lymphoma with a late relapse solely in the ileum mimicking monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma

Background

Primary cutaneous peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PC-PTCLs) are classified into mycosis fungoides (MF) and other rare specific types; and those do not fit into any specific entities are designated as PTCL, not otherwise specified (NOS), an aggressive neoplasm. Monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma (MEITL) is an aggressive primary intestinal T-cell lymphoma with enteropathy in the non-neoplastic mucosa. We report a rare case of PC-PTCL-NOS with a late relapse solely in the ileum after complete remission. We discuss the importance of evaluating enteropathy, megakaryocyte-associated tyrosine kinase (MATK) immunostaining, and the implication of clonal relationship of metachronous lymphomas.

Case of Small Bowel Perforation due to Enteropathy-Type T-Cell Lymphoma

Enteropathy-type T-cell lymphoma (ETTL) is a rare disease with a poor prognosis. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification, it is a subtype of the peripheral T-cell lymphomas. This disease is associated with gluten-sensitive enteropathy, has a high risk of intestinal perforation and obstruction, and is refractory to chemotherapeutic treatment. We report the case of a 73-year-old woman who was diagnosed with enteropathy-type T-cell lymphoma of the small intestine, which was positive for the markers of cytotoxic T cells, CD3, CD8, and CD56, on immunohistochemical staining after resection of the perforated terminal ileum.     

Enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma: a review of diagnostic findings and therapeutic strategies

Enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL) is an uncommon type of non-Hodgkin T-cell lymphoma of the intestinal intraepithelial T lymphocytes. Frequently presenting as intestinal perforation, ulceration, or a mass in the jejunum and proximal ileum in the gastrointestinal tract, EATL carries a poor prognosis with absence of well-defined therapeutic protocols for management. The WHO recognizes two distinct variants of EATL, the type I/classical variant and type II/monomorphic variant, based on different clinical features and histopathologic findings. EATL type I has a higher incidence in geographic regions with a high prevalence of celiac disease such as Northern Europe and is rare in the Asian population, in whom celiac disease is also rare. EATL type II can occur sporadically, has a higher incidence in Asian populations, with no definite association with celiac disease. This review aims to summarize the clinicopathologic findings of EATL and current approaches to management.     

An update on the pathology of extranodal T-cell lymphomas

Non-cutaneous extranodal NK/T cell lymphoproliferations constitute a heterogenous group of rare neoplasms, occurring primarily in the gastro-intestinal tract, nasal area, spleen and liver. Besides primarily extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma entities – i.e. extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma, primary intestinal T-cell lymphomas and NK/T-cell lymphoproliferations of the gastrointestinal tract, and breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma – extranodal tissues may also be involved by T-cell leukemias, or other entities usually presenting as nodal diseases. Primary extranodal entities are characterized by distinct clinical and pathologic features, implying variable prognosis, ranging from indolent to highly aggressive. Here, we will review the clinico-pathologic features of the pertinent entities including the recent advances in their molecular and genetic characterization, with an emphasis on those newly recognized, and highlight the diagnostic criteria helpful to sort out the distinction with potential mimickers.     

Gastrointestinal T- and NK-cell lymphomas and indolent lymphoproliferative disorders

Primary gastrointestinal (GI) T- and NK-cell lymphomas constitute a heterogeneous group of uncommon and aggressive neoplasms, which have unique clinical and pathologic features. The intestines are the most frequent sites of disease, but almost any GI organ may be involved. Enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma (formerly EATL type 1) and monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma (formerly EATL type 2) represent the two most common entities. However, other types of peripheral T-cell lymphomas can also occur in the GI tract or involve it secondarily. Moreover, indolent T- and NK-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs) of the GI tract have also recently been recognized. In this review, we describe the salient clinical, histopathologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular characteristics of primary GI T/NK-cell lymphomas and indolent LPDs, which form the basis for classification of the different entities, and an algorithmic approach to the diagnosis of these rare diseases.     

Mucosal CD30-positive T-cell lymphoproliferations of the head and neck show a clinicopathologic spectrum similar to cutaneous CD30-positive T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders

CD30-positive T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders are classified as cutaneous (primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma and lymphomatoid papulosis) or systemic. As extent of disease dictates prognosis and treatment, patients with skin involvement need clinical staging to determine whether systemic lymphoma also is present. Similar processes may involve mucosal sites of the head and neck, constituting a spectrum that includes both neoplasms and reactive conditions (eg, traumatic ulcerative granuloma with stromal eosinophilia). However, no standard classification exists for mucosal CD30-positive T-cell lymphoproliferations. To improve our understanding of these processes, we identified 15 such patients and examined clinical presentation, treatment and outcome, morphology, phenotype using immunohistochemistry, and genetics using gene rearrangement studies and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The 15 patients (11 M, 4 F; mean age, 57 years) had disease involving the oral cavity/lip/tongue (9), orbit/conjunctiva (3) or nasal cavity/sinuses (3). Of 14 patients with staging data, 7 had mucosal disease only; 2 had mucocutaneous disease; and 5 had systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Patients with mucosal or mucocutaneous disease only had a favorable prognosis and none developed systemic spread (follow-up, 4-93 months). Three of five patients with systemic disease died of lymphoma after 1-48 months. Morphologic and phenotypic features were similar regardless of extent of disease. One anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive case was associated with systemic disease. Two cases had rearrangements of the DUSP22-IRF4 locus on chromosome 6p25.3, seen most frequently in primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Our findings suggest mucosal CD30-positive T-cell lymphoproliferations share features with cutaneous CD30-positive T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, and require clinical staging for stratification into primary and secondary types. Primary cases have clinicopathologic features closer to primary cutaneous disease than to systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma, including indolent clinical behavior. Understanding the spectrum of mucosal CD30-positive T-cell lymphoproliferations is important to avoid possible overtreatment resulting from a diagnosis of overt T-cell lymphoma.     

Klinisch-pathologische Formen peripherer T- und NK-Zell-Lymphome

Malignant lymphomas, originating from peripheral T or NK cells, are rare tumours in Europe and account for less than 10% of all malignant lymphomas. In this review, the salient features of the more frequently occurring entities derived from T or NK cells will be presented. Nasal NK/T cell lymphoma is mainly found in the nose and paranasal sinuses and often, but not always, display an angiocentric growth pattern leading to coagulation necrosis. The tumor cells consistently express CD56, CD2 and the EBER molecules encoded by the Epstein-Barr virus. Clonal T cell receptor gene rearrangements are often absent indicating, in the majority of cases, a derivation of these tumors from NK cells. Enteropathy-type intestinal T-cell lymphomas often arise in patients with celiac disease and have a dismal prognosis. The tumour cells express T cell antigens, CD103 and cytotoxic molecules, but are negative for CD4. Approximately 20% of the cases display CD56 mostly in combination with CD8. Recently, an early purely intraepithelial form of this tumour was identified. Histologically these cases resemble celiac disease, however the intraepithelial lymphocytes often exhibit an abnormal immunophenotype with absent CD8 and T-cell-receptor protein expression, and, they are clonal by molecular analysis. Clinically, the patients suffer from refractory sprue or ulcerative jejunitis. The prognosis is bad with the patients often dying from malnutrition or an invasive tumour-forming T-cell lymphoma. Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma is defined by characteristic morphological findings (atypical lymphoid cells in part with pale cytoplasm, arborizing high endothelial venules and large FDC-meshworks) as well as clinical features (systemic symptoms, signs of a dys-regulated immune response). Peripheral T-cell lymphomas, that do not fit into a distinct entity, are classified in the REAL and the new WHO classifications as peripheral T-cell lymphomas unspecified. These display a broad morphological spectrum (including the T-cell lymphomas of different cell sizes, Lennert's lymphoma and T-zone lymphoma of the Kiel-classification) and in general are clinically aggressive.     

Intestinal T-cell and natural killer-cell lymphomas in Taiwan with special emphasis on 2 distinct cellular types: natural killer-like cytotoxic T cell and true natural killer cell

Primary intestinal lymphomas are rare, especially the T-cell and natural killer (NK)-cell types. Enteropathy-type T-cell lymphoma (ETL) is the most characteristic of the intestinal T-cell and NK-cell lymphomas (ITNKLs) defined in the World Health Organization classification. However, typical ETL is rare in nonendemic areas for celiac disease, which include Taiwan. With the exception of ETLs, ITNKLs comprise heterogeneous subtypes such as anaplastic large cell lymphoma, nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma and peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified. Furthermore, the literature results with respect to the association between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and ITNKL are contradictory. To define the clinicopathological features of primary ITNKLs and develop a better understanding of their relationship with EBV in Taiwan, therefore, we investigated a sample of 11 patients based on the new World Health Organization classification using immunostaining, in situ hybridization for EBV detection, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for evaluation of T-cell receptor clonality. In conclusion, 2 distinct groups of primary ITNKLs were identified in our Taiwanese sample. The 6 group A cases were non-EBV-associated ETLs, prevalent in the jejunum and/or ileum. They were composed of monotonous round-ovoid medium-sized nuclei and had little pale cytoplasm. The immunophenotypes of these tumors were consistently CD3+, CD4-, CD8+, CD56+, T-cell intracellular antigen 1+, and Epstein-Barr early region- and monoclonal for T-cell receptor PCR, which indicated NK-like cytotoxic T-cell origin. The 5 group B cases were EBV-associated nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphomas prevalent in the ileum or cecum of younger patients. The neoplastic cells had polymorphous medium to large angulated nuclei and moderate cytoplasm, with immunologic phenotypes of CD4-, CD8-, variable cytoplasmic CD3varepsilon+, CD56+, T-cell intracellular antigen 1+, and Epstein-Barr early region 1+, and germ line PCR result for T-cell receptor, which indicated true NK-cell origin. The grave prognoses for the 2 groups did not differ significantly.     

Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma in a patient with long-term remission with standard chemotherapy

Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTL) is a very rare postthymic T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with poor prognosis. There is not a standard treatment for this disease. Here we describe the first case of SPTL with unusual periorbital involvement, pancytopenia, hepatic dysfunction and coagulopathy, which was successfully treated with a chemotherapy regimen of cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunomycin (doxorubicin), Oncovin (vincristine) and prednisone (CHOP). Our case demonstrates that although the natural history of SPTL is aggressive, patients may respond effectively to combination chemotherapy. Early recognition of the classic subcutaneous lesions and its associated systemic signs, such as unusual periorbital involvement, liver dysfunction and hemophagocytic syndrome, is very important in managing this aggressive lymphoma. Immunohistochemical and genetic studies are helpful in confirming the diagnosis. Early initiation of aggressive chemotherapy is recommended for better clinical outcome.