应激性生活事件及相关因素对重性抑郁障碍的影响

重性抑郁障碍（Major Depression Disorder,MDD）是常见的精神疾病,其发病机制尚未完全阐明。近年来,随着社会经济的高速发展,人们面临更多的竞争和压力,应激性生活事件作为可能的危险因素,与MDD的关系受到了学者们的关注,并逐步得到证实,越来越多的研究显示应激性生活事件与MDD有着密切的关系,并在一定程度上增加了MDD的发病风险。现从应激性生活事件诱导MDD的机制、相关调节因素方面就应激性生活事件与MDD的关系进行阐述。     

大学生认知情绪调节与抑郁、焦虑的相关性研究

目的 研究大学生认知情绪调节与抑郁、焦虑的关系,为大学生心理健康教育提供支持证据.方法 应用认知情绪调节问卷、Beck抑郁自评量表、Beck焦虑量表对504名大一新生进行测评,运用Pearson相关分析,多元线性回归分析,分析大学生认知情绪调节与抑郁、焦虑的相关性.结果 61.9%的学生有抑郁症状,6.9%的学生有焦...     

自尊对应激与抑郁情绪关系的调节效应

目的 检验自尊作为第3方变量对应激与抑郁情绪关系的调节效应,为抑郁自尊理论提供证据.方法 应用青少年生活事件量表、自尊量表、Beck抑郁自评量表等对长沙市某综合性大学732名大学生进行测评,通过逐步回归分析检验应激和自尊对抑郁情绪的预测作用,通过分层回归分析检验自尊的调节效应.结果 应激、自尊和抑郁情绪得分之间均两两显著相关;应激和自尊分别可以解释抑郁情绪5.2%和18.5%的变异量;交互作用项自尊×应激的回归系数在以抑郁情绪为因变量的回归方程中达到显著性水平(β=-0.105,t=-3.211,P=0.001),且引入交互作用项后新增解释量(AR2)亦达到显著性水平(△R2=0.011,P=0.000),交互作用项可以单独解释抑郁情绪1.1%的变异量.结论 自尊在应激与抑郁情绪之间起调节效应,随自尊水平的升高,应激对抑郁情绪的影响逐渐变小,从而验证了抑郁自尊理论.

Abstract：

Objective To test the moderating effect of self-esteem between stress and depression as a third-party variable to provide evidence for self-esteem theory of depression.Methods A total of 732 college students from Changsha were tested with the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List,Self Esteem Scale,and Beck's Depression Inventory.Predictive effect of stress and self-esteem to depression was tested with stepwise regression analysis,while the moderating effect of self-esteem and gender to depression was analyzed with hierarchical regression analysis.Results The scores of stress,self-esteem and depression were significantly correlated with each other.Stress and self-esteem could account for 5.2%and 18.5%of the regression equation was significant(β=-0.105,t=-3.211,P=0.001),and the new △R2 was variance of depression.Conclusions Self-esteem could moderate the relationship of stress and depression,with the level of self-esteem arising,the effect of stress to depression decreasing,which supports the hypothesis of self-esteem theory of depression.     

焦虑和认知情绪调节在青少年网络成瘾与抑郁之间的中介作用

目的 探讨青少年网络成瘾与抑郁的关系以及焦虑与认知情绪调节的中介作用.方法 采用网络成瘾测评量表、广泛性焦虑量表、Kutcher青少年抑郁量表和认知情绪调节问卷于2015年12月至2016年1月对上海市5所普通公立初级中学选取的2751名学生进行现场问卷调查.结果 初中生抑郁症状的检出率为22.2％(610/2751)...     

创伤后应激障碍患者的焦虑抑郁与血浆皮质醇水平观察

目的观察创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）患者的焦虑抑郁症状与血浆皮质醇水平的变化。方法以PTSD患者31例为研究组,应用抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）为工具,于入院后0周、1周末和4周末分别评定患者的抑郁焦虑症状,并同步测定血浆皮质醇水平,观察其抑郁焦虑程度及血浆皮质醇水平的变化,并与30名健康者作对照。结果研究组的SDS、SAS总分在发病期（0周和1周末）均显著升高（P〈0.01）,好转后恢复至正常水平。与对照组比较,研究组的血浆皮质醇水平在发病期显著升高（P〈0.01）,随着创伤程度的减轻而恢复正常。研究组血浆皮质醇水平的变化（0周与1周末,1周末与4周末）与SDS、SAS总分的变化无相关性（P〉0.05）。结论PTSD患者在发病期存在不同程度的焦虑抑郁情绪,伴血浆皮质醇水平升高,此期需给予相应的药物治疗和心理干预。     

高中毕业生焦虑、抑郁情绪及相关性分析

目的探讨青岛市高中毕业生的焦虑、抑郁情绪及其相关因素。方法从青岛市4所高中以班为单位整群抽取,采用抑郁自评量表（SDS）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）、个人评价问卷（PEI）、自尊量表（SES）及青少年生活事件量表（ASLEC）对337名高三学生进行测查。结果有焦虑情绪63名,占20．1％,男女两性比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）;有抑郁情绪92名,占29．4％,男女两性比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）;相关性分析显示焦虑、抑郁情绪与自我评价、自尊、生活事件总分及其各因子分均有非常显著相关性（P〈0．01）。结论高中毕业生焦虑、抑郁情况严重,不容忽视。     

舒必利治疗焦虑、抑郁症状的疗效分析

对４０例患有焦虑、抑郁症状的患者进行舒必利治疗。观察时间为８周，剂量０．４～０．８ｇ／日。治疗１周内开始见效。４０例患者的总有效率为１００％，其中痊愈６０％，显著好转３５％，好转５％。以对焦虑症状的疗效最为显著，其次为抑郁改善，对失眠亦有治疗作用。提示此药可作为抗焦虑、抑郁剂在临床应用。     

高龄孕产妇焦虑、抑郁症状分析

目的：探讨高龄孕产妇焦虑、抑郁症状的发生率及相应的危险因素。方法：随机选取两家妇产科医院的孕妇522名,采用综合医院焦虑和抑郁量表（HAD）、爱丁堡产后抑郁量表（EPDS）和自编危险因素问卷,分别评估人组时、孕38周、产后7d、产后42d和产后3个月的焦虑、抑郁症状。结果：522名中有19例高龄孕产妇。高龄孕产妇5个时点的焦虑症状发生率依次为：15.8％、11．1％、21．1％、6．7％和10．0％;孕期HAD评定的抑郁症状发生率为21．1％、11.1％,产后EPDS评定抑郁症状发生率为10.5％、28．6％和20．0％。高龄孕产妇焦虑、抑郁症状的发生率均高于非高龄孕产妇。初潮年龄和担忧孩子喂养与高龄孕产妇人组时的抑郁情绪相关,分娩时紧张状态和产后抢救与产后7d的焦虑情绪相关。结论：高龄孕产妇存在较多的焦虑和抑郁情绪,应针对其危险因素进行预防。     

中学生抑郁、焦虑情绪调查

就中学生焦虑、抑郁情绪问题与性别、性格、年级、成绩等各种因素之间的关系进行调查,报告如下. 1 对象和方法 抽取上海市南汇区初、高级中学各1所.其中,初中3个班,高中4个班,共1 040人.采用自编一般情况量表、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)进行测评.现场运用统一指导语,无记名方式答卷,收回有效问卷972份,有效率为93.46%.     

离退休人员的抑郁、焦虑情绪分析

目的了解离退休人员抑郁、焦虑情绪,开展老年心理健康教育;方法用“抑郁、焦虑症状自评”进行个性测试;结果部分离退休人员有不同程度的抑郁、焦虑情绪。     

Stressful life events and adolescent suicidality: An investigation of the mediating mechanisms

IntroductionWhile a number of studies have found an association between stressful life events and adolescent suicidality, underlying mechanisms linking the two continue to be inadequately understood. Drawing upon the stress process, general strain, and support deterioration theories, this study examined the relationship between stressful life events and suicidality in U.S. adolescents, focusing on the mediating roles of depression, substance use, and perceived social support.MethodsThe data came from the first two waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 12,801; M age = 15 at Wave I; 50.2% female). Mediation analyses were performed using the Karlson-Holm-Breen (KHB) method developed for nonlinear probability models.ResultsDepression, substance use, and perceived social support accounted for a substantial part of the effect of stressful life events on suicidal ideation (57%) and attempts (43%). All mediating effects were statistically significant. Depression was a relatively stronger mediator for both suicidal outcomes. Significant relationships among stressful life events and suicidal outcomes persisted even after adjusting for the proposed mediators.ConclusionStressful life events increase suicidality in adolescents, partly by increasing psychological distress and eroding perceived social support. Findings underscore the necessity of continued emphasis on stress management and support programs in reducing suicidality among vulnerable adolescents exposed to these types of occurrences.     

Stressful life events and poor sleep quality: a cross-sectional survey in the Chinese governmental employees

Evidence has shown that stressful life events are associated with sleep quality, yet studies on employees are scarce. In the present study, we explored the association between stressful life events and sleep quality in Chinese governmental employees. The cross-sectional data on 10,994 Chinese governmental employees aged 20–60 years were derived from a cohort study on chronic diseases of governmental employees in Hunan Province, China. Logistic regression models were used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI). Of the participants, 3517 (32.0%) reported poor sleep quality in the past month. Participants who experienced more than two life events in the past year were associated with 3 times (OR: 3.681, 95%CI:3.287–4.123) greater likelihood of poor sleep quality. Negative life events, but not positive life events, were significantly associated with poor sleep quality. Regarding the types of events, economic-related life events were associated with poor sleep quality only in employees aged 20–35 years. Regarding the specific life events, work stress, job dissatisfaction, pregnancy or wife pregnancy,quality in Chinese governmental employees. discord with spouse's parents, separation from spouse due to work, bad relationship between spouse, unsatisfied sex life, misunderstood, blamed, false accusation or argument, and lifestyle changes were significantly associated with poor sleep quality. When stratified by sex, age and occupational position, the association of specific events and sleep quality were different. The present study showed that cumulative life events, negative life events and several specific events were significantly associated with poor sleep quality on Chinese governmental employees.     

Longitudinal changes of inflammatory biomarkers moderate the relationship between recent stressful life events and prospective symptoms of depression in a diverse sample of urban adolescents

This study investigated whether longitudinal changes in inflammatory physiology moderated the relationship between recent stressful life events and subsequent depressive symptoms in adolescence. A diverse sample of adolescents representative of an urban community (N = 129; Age at baseline = 12.5 years; 48.8% female; 55.0% African American) completed measures of stressful life events, depressive symptoms, and two annual blood draws (BD1 and BD2). Controlling for inflammatory activity at BD1, depression at BD1, demographics and the time between assessments, increases in interleukin-6 (IL-6; b = 0.878, p = .007) and C-reactive protein (CRP; b = 0.252, p = .024) from BD1 to BD2 interacted with recent stressful life events before BD1 to predict severity of depressive symptoms at BD2. Similar associations were evident for IL-6 (b = 2.074, p = .040) and CRP (b = 0.919, p = .050) when considering acute stressful life events that had occurred within the two weeks before the first blood collection. More frequent stressful life events before BD1 predicted significantly more severe depressive symptoms at BD2, but only for adolescents with moderate (50th percentile) and high (84th percentile) levels of IL-6 and CRP at BD2. In conclusion, adolescents who experienced both recent stressful life events and larger increases in inflammatory activity following these stressors were at increased risk for more severe depressive symptoms after approximately one year. The findings indicate that the interaction of stress and larger changes in inflammatory activity following these stressors are prognostic risk factors for depression severity in adolescents.     

Stressful life events and affective illness

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between the occurrence of affective illnesses and the number/type of experienced negative stressful life events in a twin material. A case-control study with an unrelated twin as control to the case and a co-twin control study were both undertaken with the same material. METHOD: Postal questionnaire responses were used for confirming diagnosis and to inventory stressful life events. Risk ratios (RR) for groups of events were calculated using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: A dose-response relationship was observed for the association between stressful life events and affective illness. The RRs for specific groups of exposures were higher in the co-twin control study and higher for dizygotic twin pairs than for monozygotic twin pairs. CONCLUSION: Individuals with a history of affective illness select themselves into high-risk environments, in part due to their genetic propensity to the disease. Thus, the association represents a classic genotype-environment correlation.     

抑郁、焦虑对癫(癎)患者健康相关生存质量的影响

目的 调查癫(癎)患者健康相关生存质量和情绪健康状况,探讨各种因素对患者生存质量的影响.方法 使用世界卫生组织(WHO)生存质量量表中文版简表(QOL-BREF)附加癫(癎)生存质量量表(QOLIE)-31(中文版)、抑郁自评量表(SD5)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)进行生存质量和心境健康状况调查.多元逐步回归分析各种因素对生存质量的影响.结果 癫(癎)患者(n=141)在WHOQOL-BREF的生理、心理领域得分(分别为12.7±1.8、12.4 4-1.9)比常模下降(15.1±2.3、13.9±1.9,t=11.75、8.625,P<0.05);有抑郁情绪者占57.4 % ,有焦虑情绪者占39.7 % .合并抑郁、焦虑情绪的癫(癎)患者在除外QOLIE-31药物的影响领域的生存质量各个领域得分均减低;多元逐步回归结果显示,影响QOLIE总分的3个因素按影响作用大小依次是焦虑、抑郁和病程.结论 合并抑郁、焦虑情绪障碍,病程长是癫(癎)患者生存质量下降的重要因素.