自锁式椎间融合器在一期后前路联合手术治疗脊髓型颈椎病中的应用(2年随访)

[目的]分析一期颈椎后路单开门椎管成型、前路椎间减压、自锁式椎间融合器自体植骨椎间融合术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的疗效.[方法]2006年9月～ 2008年4月,采用一期颈椎后路单开门椎管成型、前路椎间减压、自锁式椎间融合器自体植骨椎间融合术连续治疗脊髓型颈椎病52例;前路椎间减压单节段23例、双节段29例.记录患者术前及术后的JOA评分,在颈椎侧位X线片上测量椎间隙高度、椎间前凸角、颈椎前凸角的变化.[结果] 52例共随访24～40个月(平均30个月).52例患者在术后2周内均感到神经症状明显好转;没有发生手术相关并发症.术后6个月随访时,所有患者主诉四肢感觉、肌力、活动均较前明显改善,颈椎X线检查可见椎间已融合,椎间高度及生理曲度完好,无融合器移位、下沉、断裂发生.平均JOA评分由术前(7.3±0.5)分,提高到术后6个月(14.1±0.7)分,术后12个月(14.7±0.6)分,术后24个月(14.9±1.2)分;术后6个月随访时的JOA评分改善率:优21例,良25例,可6例,术后12个月及术后24个月时的JOA评分改善率与术后6个月无明显改变.[结论]采用一期颈椎后路单开门椎管成型、前路椎间减压、自锁式椎间融合器自体植骨椎间融合术治疗脊髓型颈椎病能获得颈髓前后方的充分减压及满意的临床疗效,能获得满意的颈椎曲度、稳定性重建及椎间融合.     

前路椎间隙减压融合与后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的疗效比较

目的比较颈前路椎间隙减压植骨融合内固定与后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2013-01—2015-12诊治的112例累及4节段(C3~7)的脊髓型颈椎病,49例采用颈前路椎间隙减压植骨融合内固定术治疗(前路组),63例采用后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗(后路组)。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院时间,术后1周、术后3个月、末次随访时椎间高度、颈椎生理曲度C值、JOA评分。结果 112例均获得随访,随访时间平均24.3(18~28)个月。前路组在手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院时间,以及术后椎间高度、颈椎生理曲度C值、JOA评分方面均优于后路组,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。前路组所有患者随访期间均获得骨性融合。结论与颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术相比,颈前路椎间隙减压植骨融合内固定术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病能更有效增加病变节段椎间高度,恢复颈椎生理曲度,改善术后脊髓神经功能,而且手术创伤更小。     

一期前后路手术C7棘突骨椎间植骨融合治疗脊髓型颈椎病

目的:总结前后路一期手术时应用自体C7棘突骨行椎间植骨融合治疗脊髓型颈椎病(CSM)的临床疗效。方法:2004年2月至2008年12月,对30例脊髓前后方均有压迫的CSM患者采用一期前后路手术,其中男21例,女9例,年龄39～70岁,平均54.5岁;术前JOA评分4～13分,平均7.6±2.5分。后路手术时切取C7棘突骨作为前路椎间植骨融合的材料。观察患者术后神经功能改善和椎间植骨融合情况。结果:手术时间3.0～5.0h,平均3.5h;术中出血量270～600ml,平均380ml。未发生脊髓神经症状加重、感染、脑脊液漏等并发症。随访6～50个月,平均24.2个月,末次随访时JOA评分9～15分,平均13.7±1.8分,平均改善率为72%,其中优7例,良18例,好转5例。椎间植骨全部获得融合,未见植骨块塌陷和移位,内固定无松动和断裂。结论:对脊髓前后方均有压迫的CSM患者采用一期前后路手术减压可取得良好的效果,将后路手术时切取的自体C7棘突骨用于前路椎间植骨具有取骨简便、融合率高及相对节省治疗费用的优点。     

颈前路椎间盘切除椎间融合器融合术加颈后路单开门术治疗脊髓型颈椎病

[目的]探讨颈椎前路椎间盘切除椎间融合器融合术加颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病在临床上的应用价值。[方法]应用Cervical Cage行颈椎前路椎间盘切除椎间融合术，同时，颈椎后路行单开门椎管扩大成形术11例，平均随访6个月。按40分法和JOA评分对手术前后脊髓功能进行评分，并测量颈椎术前术后前柱高度及椎管宽度和进行相关性分析．[结果]颈椎前路椎间盘切除椎间融合器融合术加颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术，明显改善脊髓型颈椎病的脊髓功能。40分法平均37分，改善率83％；JOA评分16．5分，改善率91％；前柱高度平均增加1．28mm；椎管宽度平均增加2．22mm。[结论]颈椎前路椎间盘切除椎间融合器融合术加颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术，有效恢复了颈椎前柱高度、增加椎管宽度，明显改善了脊髓型颈椎病的脊髓功能。     

颈前路减压cage融合术与自体髂骨块植骨钛板内固定术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的中期疗效

目的:观察颈椎前路减压cage植骨融合术与颈椎前路减压自体髂骨块植骨融合钛板内固定术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的中期临床疗效。方法:2001年1月～2006年4月128例脊髓型颈椎病患者按照手术方式分为A、B两组,A组61例患者采用前路减压单纯PEEK cage植骨融合术治疗,其中病变节段与手术节段均为单节段22例,双节段39例;B组67例采用颈椎前路减压自体髂骨块植骨融合钛板内固定术,其中单节段27例,双节段40例。观察手术前后JOA评分、椎间高度和颈椎曲度情况。结果:A组手术时间为58.1±1.4min,术中出血量为42.4±2.0ml,B组分别为72.0±5.3min、82.7±3.9ml,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组23例(39.3%)出现一过性咽部不适,1例硬脊膜破裂,2例cage塌陷、移位;B组49例(73.1%)出现一过性咽部不适,1例硬脊膜破裂,5例髂骨供区痛,2例钉板松动。每组患者术后JOA评分、椎间高度和颈椎曲度均较术前明显改善(P<0.05),A、B组术后JOA评分改善率分别为(82.30±6.61)%和(83.80±4.42)%,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随访24～60个月,平均36个月,末次随访时A、B组椎间融合率分别为95.2%和96.3%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);末次随访时每组JOA评分、椎间高度和颈椎曲度与术后比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术前、术后和末次随访时JOA评分、椎间高度和颈椎曲度两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:颈椎前路减压cage植骨融合术与颈椎前路减压自体髂骨块植骨融合钛板内固定术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的中期疗效均较好,但前者手术方法简单、近期并发症少。     

颈椎前路减压椎间植骨融合钛板内固定治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病

目的探讨颈椎前路减压椎间植骨融合钛板内固定术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床效果。方法对44例多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者行前路减压椎间植骨融合钛板内固定术,比较术前和术后3 d、6个月、末次随访的JOA评分、颈椎曲度及椎间高度。结果手术时间4.2~5.5(4.59±0.37)h;术中出血量320~1 100(608.5±115.4)ml。患者均获得随访,时间6~24个月。术后3 d、6个月及末次随访的JOA评分、平均恢复率、颈椎曲度、椎间高度较术前均显著提高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。末次随访与术后6个月比较,JOA评分、平均恢复率、颈椎曲度、椎间高度差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。末次随访神经功能疗效无效例数明显低于术后6个月,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论颈椎前路减压椎间植骨融合钛板内固定治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病可恢复和改善神经功能、颈椎曲度。     

ACCF联合颈前路减压zero-p椎间植骨融合内固定术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病

目的探讨颈前路椎体次全切除减压融合术(ACCF)联合颈前路减压zero-p椎间植骨融合内固定术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2016-05—2017-07采用ACCF联合颈前路减压zero-p椎间植骨融合内固定术治疗的30例多节段脊髓型颈椎病,比较术前、术后1周及末次随访时JOA评分、颈椎Cobb角、椎间隙高度。结果30例均顺利完成手术并获得完整随访,随访时间平均21.6个月,切口均一期愈合,植骨均骨性愈合,无内固定松动、移位、断裂、伤口感染、声音嘶哑及神经功能加重等并发症。术后1例出现脑脊液漏,2例出现吞咽不适,非手术治疗后均治愈。术后1周与末次随访时JOA评分、颈椎Cobb角、椎间隙高度较术前均明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。末次随访时根据JOA评分改善率评定综合疗效:优12例,良14例,可4例。结论ACCF联合颈前路减压zerop椎间植骨融合内固定术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病安全可靠,能够有效地恢复椎间隙高度和颈椎生理曲度。     

前路两种不同术式治疗脊髓型颈椎病的疗效分析

目的探讨前路两种不同的减压植骨融合术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的疗效。方法回顾性分析2004年9月-2009年6月治疗的65例脊髓型颈椎病患者。37例采用颈椎前路减压+自体髂骨植骨+锁定钢板内固定术(A组),28例采用颈椎前路减压+钛网融合器+锁定钢板内固定术(B组),术后根据JOA评分及X线表现比较2种方法的疗效。结果 2组患者术后3个月、末次随访时JOA评分与术前比较,差异有显著性(P0.05)。平均椎间高度末次随访时,A组和B组比较差异无显著性(P0.05)。术后6个月植骨全部融合。结论脊髓型颈椎病治疗的关键在于充分减压及有效植骨融合,自体植骨或钛网融合器+锁定钢板固定牢固是治疗脊髓型颈椎病的较好方法 。     

一期前后路联合手术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的临床研究

目的 探讨前后方均有压迫的脊髓型颈椎病应用一期后路单开门及前路减压、Cage植人手术的治疗效果。方法对45例前后方均有压迫的脊髓型颈椎病患者行一期后路单开门椎板成形术和前路椎间盘切除减压、Cage植入术。结果术后随访6～29个月,平均18．7个月．显示椎间隙高度与颈椎生理曲度恢复,骨性融合率100％,融合时间平均4．5个月。JOA评分平均改善率83．5％,优良率82．2％。随访中未发现有Cage移位、下沉、假关节形成、椎间隙高度丢失、椎管再狭窄等问题。结论采用一期前后路手术治疗脊髓前后同时受压的脊髓型颈椎病减压彻底、神经功能恢复满意．前路减压后以Cage植入椎间隙可获得良好的术后即刻稳定性、提高了植骨融合率并可长期保持椎间隙的高度和颈椎的生理曲度。     

颈椎前路减压cage与zero-p椎间植骨融合内固定治疗单节段脊髓型颈椎病的疗效比较

目的比较颈椎前路减压cage椎间植骨融合钛板内固定与zero-p椎间植骨融合内固定治疗单节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效及并发症情况。方法纳入自2013-06—2015-06诊治的110例单节段脊髓型颈椎病,采用颈椎前路减压cage椎间植骨融合钛板内固定治疗55例(cage组),采用颈椎前路减压zero-p椎间植骨融合内固定治疗55例(zero-p组)。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间,术后12个月JOA评分、NDI指数、颈椎曲度、颈椎节段高度及植骨融合率,术后1周、3个月吞咽困难发生例数。结果所有患者均获得(22.78±3.10)个月随访。2组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。2组术后12个月JOA评分、NDI指数、颈椎曲度、颈椎节段高度、植骨融合率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。zero-p组术后1周、3个月吞咽困难发生例数少于cage组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论颈椎前路减压cage椎间植骨融合钛板内固定与zero-p椎间植骨融合内固定治疗单节段脊髓型颈椎病均可取得满意的临床疗效,但zero-p椎间植骨融合内固定术后吞咽困难发生的风险明显较低,其安全性更符合临床需要。     

Radiological follow-up of motion in the cervical spine after surgery]

The influence of cervical spine in motion after surgery was evaluated by preoperative and postoperative functional radiography. Based on the analysis of postoperative radiograms, the following results were obtained: (1) The motion of cervical spine segments adjacent to the level of the anterior interbody fusion was increased after surgery. The larger the number of fused vertebral bodies, the greater the motion of the adjacent segments. A larger number of anterior fused vertebral bodies may cause more future damage to adjacent intervertebral discs. (2) The motion of the cervical spine was decreased after posterior procedures, especially laminoplasty, which preserves the posterior element. (3) Tilting motion and lordosis of the C 1/2 level was increased after anterior interbody fusion, laminectomy and laminoplasty.     

单开门棘突重建颈椎管扩大成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病

目的：探讨单开门棘突重建颈椎管扩大成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的疗效。方法：应用上述术式治疗脊髓型颈椎病21例,男16例,女5例,平均年龄49岁,临床疗效采用JOA进行评分。结果：平均随访2年6个月,JOA评分平均改善率为76.3%,无一例发生再关门现象或颈椎反曲畸形。结论：单开门棘突重建椎扩大成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病效果较好,棘突重建是防止颈椎不稳及反曲畸形的有效措施。     

Expansive open‐door laminoplasty and selective anterior cervical decompression and fusion for treatment of multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Objective: To evaluate the clinical results of combined expansive open‐door laminoplasty by splitting of spinous processes and selective anterior cervical decompression and fusion in treatment of multilevel severe cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). Methods: Twenty‐eight patients (16 men and 12 women) underwent one‐stage combined expansive open‐door laminoplasty and selective anterior decompression and fusion for severe CSM; the average patient age was 51.3 years (range, 32–63 years). Clinical results were assessed by Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores, number of finger grip and releases (G and R) in ten seconds, hand‐grip strength, visual analog scale (VAS) of axial pain, and C2‐C7 angle. Results: There was no worsening of neurological symptoms due to cord injury, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, or wound infection. All cases completed one‐year follow‐up. The JOA scores, number of G and R in ten seconds, and hand‐grip strength were all significantly improved (P < 0.05). Satisfactory decompression was shown by MRI or CT to have been achieved in all cases. The C2‐C7 angle did not differ significantly from that found pre‐operatively. The axial neck pain score was 2.0 ± 0.1 on VAS. Conclusion: Combined expansive open‐door laminoplasty by splitting of spinous processes and selective anterior decompression and fusion achieves complete spinal canal decompression with minimal morbidity; this strategy is effective in improving the surgical outcomes of CSM in one‐year follow‐up.     

颈椎前路钢板在脊髓型颈椎病前路手术中的作用

目的 评价内固定在脊髓型颈椎病前路减压中的作用。方法 143例脊髓型颈椎病患者经前路减压后自体髂骨植骨，带锁钢板内固定。获得随访病例132例，随访时间平均20个月，观察术后神经功能恢复情况，植骨融合率，椎间高度及颈椎生理曲度恢复情况。结果 单节段与两节段病变者术后3月均获得骨性愈合，融合率为100％，16例3节段病变者融合体为81．3％，内固定并发症为5／132(3．8％)。术后椎间高度与生理曲度均获得满意重建。JOA记分平均改善率65．8％。结论 在脊髓型颈椎病前路减压手术中应用带锁钢板内固定可有效维持椎间高度和生理曲度，并有助于后路间接减压。     

脊髓型颈椎病手术治疗53例临床总结

１９９２年１１月～１９９６年８月手术治疗脊髓型颈椎病５３例。优良率９２４％。手术方法包括颈前、后方减压及椎板成形术。前路手术适于Ｃ３,４以下１～２个椎间病变的减压。广泛椎板切除可致鹅颈畸形及晚期脊髓损害。改良单开门棘突骨支撑植骨椎管扩大成形术及植骨的双开门椎管扩大成形术较为合理     

后前路联合手术治疗严重颈椎退行性疾病

目的探讨后前路联合手术治疗严重颈椎退行性疾病的疗效和手术适应证。方法施行后前路联合手术治疗严重颈椎退行性疾病17例,其中男11例,女6例;年龄46-72岁,平均56.3岁。3例分期后前路手术,14例一期后前路手术。手术步骤为先行后路单开门椎管扩大成形术,然后一期或分期（6个月后）行前路椎管前方减压、植骨融合内固定术。结果无围手术期死亡及神经功能加重病例,术后发生脑脊液漏2例,轴性疼痛2例。术后随访13例,JOA评分由术前平均（8.3±2.28）分增至术后平均（13.1±1.27）分,手术前后评分差异显著（t=11.5,P〈0.01）,脊髓功能改善率为66.5%。结论一期后前路联合手术疗效满意。该手术方式减压充分,可降低单纯前路手术脊髓损伤的风险和减少单纯后路手术后C5神经根麻痹的发生率,适用于全身情况较好、多节段颈椎病变伴脊髓前方局部受压严重的患者。     

Preservation of C7 spinous process does not influence the long-term outcome after laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Axial pain is one of the major complications after laminoplasty, and preservation of C7 spinous process during the procedure can reduce the axial pain. However, it has not been elucidated whether laminoplasty preserving the C7 spinous process can maintain neurological improvement for a long time. The purpose of our retrospective study was to investigate the long-term neurological outcome after open-door laminoplasty preserving the C7 spinous process for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). Clinical and radiological outcomes were analysed in 42 patients who underwent open-door laminoplasty preserving C7 spinous process and followed up for more than 5 years. Neurological function was evaluated by means of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scoring system for cervical myelopathy. Axial pain was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) at the last examination. Alignment and motion of the cervical spine were measured from radiographs, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to evaluate postoperative compression at C7. The mean JOA score was 9.4 before surgery and 12.0 at the latest follow-up. The mean VAS score in 26 patients score was 9.7/100. No compression of the spinal cord was observed in any MRI at the latest follow-up. Preservation of the C7 spinous process does not influence the long-term outcome of CSM after laminoplasty. Although we did not have a comparative group, the procedure described here should be considered as the solution.     

A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing anterior decompression with fusion and posterior laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy

BackgroundThe optimal surgical procedure for the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) remains controversial because there are few comprehensive studies that have investigated the surgical methods. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate evidence in the literature and to compare the surgical outcomes between anterior decompression with fusion (ADF) and laminoplasty, which are representative procedures for CSM.MethodsAn extensive literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to identify comparative studies of ADF and laminoplasty for CSM. The language was restricted to English, and the publication period was from January 2001 to July 2019. We only included studies of CSM and excluded studies that involved patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and treatments with posterior instrumented fusion. We extracted outcomes from the studies, such as preoperative and postoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores, cervical alignment, surgical complications and reoperation rates. Then, a meta-analysis was performed on these surgical outcomes.ResultsNine studies were obtained, and the quality of the studies was acceptable. In the meta-analysis, the preoperative JOA score was similar between the ADF and laminoplasty groups. The postoperative JOA scores and neurological recovery rates were not different between the ADF and laminoplasty groups. ADF exhibited more favorable results than laminoplasty in terms of postoperative cervical alignment. In contrast, overall complications were more frequently observed in the ADF group than in the laminoplasty group, leading to higher rates of reoperation. However, postoperative neck pain was more frequently observed in the laminoplasty group than in the ADF group.ConclusionsThis systematic review and meta-analysis showed both the merits and shortcomings of ADF and laminoplasty. ADF and laminoplasty showed similar results in terms of neurological recovery. Postoperative cervical lordosis was better preserved with ADF than with laminoplasty. However, ADF was associated with a higher incidence of surgical complications than laminoplasty.