尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗脑梗死的TCD监测

目的 应用经颅多普勒(TCD)监测急性脑梗死静脉溶栓治疗前后的血流变化.方法 对20例急性脑梗死静脉溶栓的病人,在治疗前及溶栓治疗开始进行TCD监测并且持续2h,同时评价溶栓前后的NIHSS评分.结果 不同闭塞部位及不同血流信号级别患者,血管再通率有显著性差异,随血流信号的改善,NIHSS评分下降.结论 TCD在尿激酶静脉溶栓时能了解血管再通情况,其血流改善与患者临床情况的改善密切相关.     

经颅多普勒超声辅助尿激酶溶栓的临床研究

目的 评价经颅多普勒超声(TCD)辅助尿激酶溶栓治疗脑梗死的有效性.方法 22例急性脑梗死患者随机分为TCD辅助溶栓组和尿激酶对照组,TCD辅助溶栓组给予尿激酶静脉溶栓的同时开始低强度TCD监测并且持续2h,对照组单用尿激酶,根据TCD血流速度及频谱形态判断血管再通情况,临床随访评定溶栓前后不同时间的NIHSS评分和Barthel指数.结果 TCD辅助溶栓组血管再通率为72.7%,明显高于对照组36.4%,溶栓后2组同NIHSS评分和Barthel指数评分比较差异有统计学意义.结论 TCD有助于增强尿激酶的溶栓效果,可辅助尿激酶溶栓治疗脑梗死.     

急性脑梗死尿激酶静脉溶栓后24h内缺血加重的影响因素分析

目的探讨急性脑梗死经尿激酶静脉溶栓后24 h内缺血加重的影响因素。方法纳入119例经尿激酶静脉溶栓的急性脑梗死患者进行回顾性队列研究,根据24 h内是否出现缺血加重,分为加重组(NIHSS评分增加≥2分)26例及非加重组93例,比较2组临床资料,采用Logistic回归分析24 h内缺血加重的影响因素。结果单因素Logistic回归分析发现,责任血管中重度狭窄/闭塞、溶栓前高NIHSS评分是影响缺血加重的危险因素(均P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,男性(OR=6.224,95%CI=1.303～29.921,P=0.022)、责任血管中重度狭窄/闭塞(OR=6.326,95%CI=1.910～20.947,P=0.003)是尿激酶静脉溶栓后24 h内缺血加重的危险因素。结论尿激酶静脉溶栓后24 h内早期缺血加重多见于男性及大动脉粥样硬化型的脑梗死患者。     

经颅多普勒超声辅助阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的疗效分析

目的观察经颅多普勒超声(TCD)持续监测辅助阿替普酶静溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的临床疗效。方法将发病时间在静脉溶栓时间窗内的60例大脑中动脉狭窄或闭塞所致的急性缺血性脑卒中患者随机分为治疗组和对照组。2组均予以阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗,治疗组在静脉溶栓过程中给予TCD持续监测。分别在治疗前及治疗后24h进行NIHSS评分;以TCD-TIBI分级评估溶栓后24h血管再通情况。溶栓后90d时进行mRS评分,并进行比较。结果治疗组溶栓24h后与对照组NIHSS评分比较差异有统计学意义(t=-2.037,P=0.046);溶栓后24h治疗组血管再通比率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=10.613,P=0.005);溶栓后24h2组均未见症状性颅内出血(Z=0.00,P=1.00),溶栓后90d治疗组mRS平均分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=-2.494,P=0.016)。结论 TCD持续监测辅助阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的疗效较好,且无明显不良反应。     

急性前循环脑梗死静脉溶栓患者TIBI分级与血管再通和预后的相关性研究

目的静脉溶栓期间利用经颅多普勒超声(TCD)监测脑缺血溶栓血流(thrombolysis in brain ischemia,TIBI)分级,评估急性前循环脑梗死患者静脉溶栓治疗效果,血管再通情况及预后。方法选择急性前循脑梗死行阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗的患者,于溶栓开始时行TCD监测并记录病变血管TIBI分级。发病72 h内患者通过头部磁共振血管成像(MRA)或复查TCD评价血管再通情况,比较TIBI分级与血管再通的相关性。采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分记录患者溶栓前及溶栓后24 h临床神经功能缺损,3 m随访时采用改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分评估预后,分析前循环脑梗死患者静脉溶栓时血管情况与神经功能缺损程度、短期改善程度、血管再通情况及3 m预后的关系。结果溶栓时TIBI分级与24 h NIHSS评分均呈负相关关系(r=-0.407,P=0.005)。TIBI分级、基线NIHSS评分、早期神经功能改善、血管再通是90 d良好预后的独立预测因素(TIBI分级:OR2.147,95%CI,1.332~3.460,P=0.002;基线NIHSS评分:OR0.876,95%CI,0.774~0.992,P=0.037;早期神经功能改善:OR11.917,95%CI,2.826~50.246,P=0.01;血管再通:OR 8.95%CI,1.65~38.79,P=0.01)。结论急性前循环脑梗死患者阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗时TIBI血流分级,能够有效反映溶栓治疗效果并有助于判断预后,TIBI分级越高患者预后越好,是静脉溶栓患者血管评估的重要手段。     

急性脑梗死动脉内药物溶栓和机械支架再通比较

目的观察急性脑梗死患者脑血管特点,比较动脉内尿激酶溶栓、机械再通和支架成形的安全及有效性。方法对发病1．5—8h的11例急性腩梗死患者,行全脑血管数字减影（DSA）造影,给予动脉内治疗;进行血管再通评价,美国国立卫生院神经功能缺损评分（National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS）和1个月改良Rankin量表评分。结果术前NIHSS为6～21。责任血管闭塞6例（54．5％）;重度狭窄3例（27．3％）;未见异常2例（18．2％）。2例闭塞粗管行闭塞局部尿激酶溶栓,未再通,术后1例出血死亡,1例大面积脑梗死,改良Rankin量表评分为5;3例血管闭塞行机械再通后支架成形;1例同侧责任血管闭塞伴对侧颈内动脉重度狭窄和3例同侧责任血管重度狭窄行狭窄处支架成形,术后血管均再通,无出血;2例DSA检查未见异常病例仅药物治疗。后3组1个月改良Rankin量表评分为0～1。结论急性脑梗死时对于闭塞施管机械再通较尿激酶溶栓血管再通可靠,对于重度狭窄血管可行支架治疗。     

超选择性动脉溶栓治疗急性后循环缺血性卒中疗效观察

目的 本研究旨在探讨超选择性动脉溶栓治疗急性后循环缺血性卒中的有效性及安全性.方法 41例急性后循环卒中患者给予尿激酶超选择性动脉内接触溶栓,观察溶栓前、溶栓后24 h NIHSS、GCS评分变化,3个月时Barthel评分情况,溶栓后闭塞血管的再通及症状性脑出血等情况.结果 41例患者中脑血管造影有狭窄或闭塞者32例,溶栓后狭窄血管成功再通25(78.1%),血管未再通7例(21.9%);再通的病例中5例再通后残余狭窄严重,同期给予支架成形术.溶栓后24 h较溶栓前NIHSS评分明显降低(14.83±6.69 vs 18.20±4.19,P＜0.05),而GCS评分明显提高(10.63±3.73 vs 8.78±1.77,P＜0.05);3个月时日常生活能力指数(Barthel index,BI)≥60者达65.9%;溶栓并发脑出血5例,其中症状性脑出血3例,均死亡.结论 尿激酶超选择性动脉内接触溶栓治疗急性后循环缺血性卒中安全、有效.     

经颅多普勒超声脑缺血溶栓分级与阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗急性前循环不同大动脉闭塞性脑梗死预后相关性研究

目的探讨分析经颅多普勒超声脑缺血溶栓分级与静脉溶栓治疗急性前循环不同大动脉闭塞性脑梗死患者血管再通评价与预后的相关性研究。方法选择急性前循环大动脉闭塞性脑梗死患者,对符合静脉溶栓者给予阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗,分别于溶栓前及溶栓后24 h行床旁经颅多普勒超声(transcranial Doppler,TCD)检查并记录脑缺血溶栓分级(thrombolysis in brain ischemia,TIBI)。采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分记录患者临床神经功能缺损,3个月随访时采用改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin Scale,m RS)评分评估患者预后,分析前循环不同大血管闭塞性脑梗死患者静脉溶栓前后血管再通情况及患者3个月预后。结果共入选46例患者,其中颈内动脉(internal carotid artery,ICA)闭塞患者19例,大脑中动脉(middle cerebral artery,MCA)闭塞患者27例。溶栓前与溶栓后24 h TCD监测TIBI分级提示血管再通者,ICA闭塞组5.26%,MCA闭塞组55.56%。ICA闭塞组与MCA闭塞组比较,MCA闭塞组90 d随访生活自理及良好预后的比例均高于ICA闭塞组,死亡率低于ICA闭塞组,而两组间溶栓后的症状性颅内出血发生率差异无显著性。结论急性前循环大动脉闭塞性脑梗死经静脉溶栓治疗后可获得血管再通,尤其是MCA闭塞患者;溶栓前后TIBI血流分级变化可反映大动脉血管再通情况,且有助于判断患者临床预后。     

急性脑梗死患者重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓前后的血液动力学改变

目的 观察急性脑梗死患者重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（recombinant tissue plasminogen activator,rt-PA）超早期静脉溶栓治疗后脑血液动力学变化及临床转归。方法 2002年9月至2006年4月发病3h以内的急性脑梗死患者,符合美国国家神经疾病和卒中研究National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke,NINDS）溶栓入选标准,用rt-PA 0.9 mg/kg（最大剂量不超过90 mg）溶栓治疗。同时用经颅多普勒超声（TCD）于患者溶栓前、溶栓中、溶栓后24 h、3 d、2周和1个月分别监测其病变血管血液动力学变化。结果 18例患者进行了脑血液动力学监测。男15例、女3例,平均年龄（65±9）岁。溶栓前美国国立卫生院卒中量表（National Institures of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS）评分6～16分,平均（11.4±2.8）分。溶栓前TCD检查TIBI 0级1例,1级3例,2级8例,3级3例,4级2例（大脑中动脉严重狭窄）,5级1例（腔隙性脑梗死）。从发病至开始溶栓的时间2～3 h,平均（2.80±0.20）h。闭塞动脉在溶栓过程中再通2例,溶栓后1 h内再通1例,24 h内再通4例,溶栓再通4 h后再闭塞1例,其余无变化。溶栓前与溶栓后24 h、3 d、2周、1个月的NIHSS评分及TIBI分级均有统计学差异,NIHSS评分与TIBI存在明显的负相关关系。结论 溶栓前后脑血液动力学改变与神经功能变化明显相关,脑血液动力学监测有助于深入了解卒中的发病机制和溶栓疗效。     

时间窗超过3h急性缺血性卒中患者动脉溶栓治疗观察

目的 评价时间窗超过3 h的急性缺血性卒中患者动脉溶栓治疗的疗效及影响因素.方法 选择法国南锡大学中心医院神经影像科自2008年1月至2009年1月收治的16例急性缺血性卒中患者(时间窗均达到或超过3 h,颈内动脉系统卒中时间窗不超过6 h,椎基底动脉系统卒中时间窗不超过24h.昏迷不超过6 h),行动脉内药物联合机械溶栓治疗,分析不同因素对疗效的影响.结果 7例患者闭塞血管达到完全再通,7例达到部分再通,另有2例闭塞血管未再通,再通率为87.5%.患者动脉溶栓后与溶栓前NIHSS评分比较明显降低.时间窗大于5 h的前循环系统闭塞患者溶栓前后NIHSS评分无改善,与时间窗较短患者相比较,出院时mRS评分明显较高.5例颈内动脉闭塞患者溶栓前后NIHSS评分无改善,与9例大脑中动脉闭塞患者、2例基底动脉闭塞患者相比预后较差.4例患者溶栓后24h出现症状性颅内出血,3例为颈内动脉闭塞,1例死亡.1例溶栓后发生血管再闭,但因侧支循环血流丰富,最终临床预后仍较好.结论 对于时间窗超过3 h大脑中动脉和基底动脉闭塞急性缺血性卒中患者,动脉溶栓可使闭塞血管达到较高的再通率,短期内使临床神经功能恢复,改善临床结局.临床应用动脉溶栓时应注意个体化选择性治疗,评价其疗效需结合时间窗、血管闭塞部位、侧支循环、并发症等因素,避免出血等并发症.     

Ultrasound-Enhanced Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke: Phase I. Findings of the CLOTBUST Trial

BACKGROUND: Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) activity may be enhanced with ultrasound, potentially 2 MHz transcranial Doppler (TCD). The authors present Phase I data of the CLOTBUST (Combined Lysis of Thrombus in Brain ischemia using transcranial Ultrasound and Systemic TPA). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Nonrandomized stroke patients with proximal arterial occlusion on a prebolus TCD receiving intravenous 0.9 mg/kg TPA within 3 hours after stroke onset were monitored with portable diagnostic TCD equipment and a standard headframe. Complete recanalization was defined as thrombolysis in brain ischemia (TIBI) flow grades 4-5. RESULTS: 55 patients (mean age 69 +/- 15 years, median baseline NIH Stroke Scale [NIHSS] 18, range 4-29, 90% with 3 9 points) were treated at 125 +/- 36 minutes from symptom onset. TCD monitoring began at 117 +/- 39 minutes. Complete recanalization on TCD within 2 hours after bolus was found in 20 patients (36%). Dramatic recovery (NIHSS score < or = 3) occurred in 20% at 2 hours and in 24% at 24 hours. Overall improvement by > or = 4 NIHSS points was found in 49% at 24 hours. Improvement was associated with recanalization during or shortly after TPA infusion (phi r2 = .5, P = .03); however, in 6/20 patients with complete recanalization (30%), no immediate clinical change was noticed within 2 hours. Overall symptomatic hemorrhage rate was 5.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous TCD insonation for up to 2 hours at maximum intensities allowed by current bio-safety guidelines is safe. Dramatic recovery and complete recanalization shortly after TPA bolus are feasible goals for thrombolysis given with TCD monitoring.     

CLOTBUST: Design of a Randomized Trial of Ultrasound-Enhanced Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke

BACKGROUND: Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) therapy can be monitored with 2 MHz transcranial Doppler (TCD). This article describes the design of CLOTBUST (combined lysis of thrombus in brain ischemia using transcranial ultrasound and systemic TPA), the first prospective international multicenter randomized clinical trial of noninvasive externally applied ultrasound to enhance systemic thrombolysis in human stroke. SUBJECTS: Patients with acute ischemic stroke eligible for intravenous TPA therapy within 3 hours of symptom onset who have detectable middle cerebral artery occlusion on a prebolus TCD are included in this trial. All patients receive standard 0.9 mg/kg TPA therapy. Patients are randomized (1:1) to either 2 hours of continuous monitoring with TCD or placebo monitoring. FDA-approved portable diagnostic TCD equipment and standard headframes (Marc series, Spencer Technologies, Seattle, WA) are used. Output of TCD units is set at 100% power achievable at depths of insonation that display the worst TIBI flow grade signals. METHODS AND END-POINTS: Acute MCA occlusion on prebolus TCD is defined as thrombolysis in brain ischemia (TIBI) flow grades 0-3. Treating physicians are blinded to randomization assignment, and certified scorers measure stroke severity using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Safety of continuous TCD monitoring is determined by rates of symptomatic (NIHSS score increase by 4+ points) intracerebral hemorrhage within 72 hours after initial symptom onset. Potential enhancement of TPA therapy will be determined using combined primary end-point of early complete recanalization on TCD (TIBI flow grades 4-5), dramatic recovery (NIHSS < or = 3 points), or decline in the NIHSS > or = 10 points repeatedly measured every 30 minutes within 2 hours after TPA bolus. Other end-points include recovery at 24 hours and 3 months, modified Rankin scores (mRS) are obtained at 90 days, and favorable outcome is determined as NIHSS or mRS scores 0-1. CONCLUSIONS: The aim of phase II CLOTBUST trial is to determine the rates of early complete recanalization and dramatic/early clinical recovery in TPA + TCD and TPA groups. The sample size is set at 126 patients since a medium effect size (.50) is anticipated for TPA + TCD group vs TPA alone to achieve combined primary end-point.     

Transcranial doppler ultrasound criteria for recanalization after thrombolysis for middle cerebral artery stroke

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Transcranial Doppler (TCD) can demonstrate arterial occlusion and subsequent recanalization in acute ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Limited data exist to assess the accuracy of recanalization by TCD criteria. METHODS: In patients with acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion treated with intravenous tPA, we compared posttreatment TCD with angiography (digital subtraction or magnetic resonance). On TCD, complete occlusion was defined by absent or minimal signals, partial occlusion by blunted or dampened signals, and recanalization by normal or stenotic signals. Angiography was evaluated with the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Ischemia (TIMI) grading scale. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients were studied (age 61+/-18 years, 16 men and 9 women). TCD was performed at 12+/-16 hours and angiography at 41+/-57 hours after stroke onset, with 52% of studies performed within 3 hours of each other. Recanalization on TCD had the following accuracy parameters compared with angiography: sensitivity 91%, specificity 93%, positive predictive value (PPV) 91%, and negative predictive value (NPV) 93%. To predict partial occlusion (TIMI grade II), TCD had sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 76%, PPV of 44%, and NPV of 100%. TCD predicted the presence of complete occlusion on angiography (TIMI grade 0 or I) with sensitivity of 50%, specificity of 100%, PPV of 100%, and NPV of 75%. TCD flow signals correlated with angiographic patency (chi(2)=24.2, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Complete MCA recanalization on TCD accurately predicts angiographic findings. Although a return to normal flow dynamics on TCD was associated with complete angiographic resumption of flow, partial signal improvement on TCD corresponded with persistent occlusion on angiography.     

Ultrasound-enhanced thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke: Potential, failures, and safety

Experimental and pilot clinical evidence shows that thrombolysis with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) can be enhanced with ultrasound. Ultrasound delivers mechanical pressure waves to the clot, thus exposing more thrombus surface to circulating drug. The international multi-center phase II CLOTBUST trial showed that, in patients with acute ischemic stroke, transcranial Doppler (TCD) monitoring augments TPA-induced arterial recanalization, with a nonsignificant trend toward an increased rate of recovery from stroke, compared with placebo. In the CLOTBUST trial, the dramatic clinical recovery from stroke coupled with complete recanalization within 2 hours after TPA bolus occurred in 25% of patients treated with TPA + TCD (n = 63), compared with 8% of those who received TPA alone (n = 63, P = 0.02). Different results were achieved in smaller studies that used transcranial color-coded duplex sonography (TCCD) and a nonimaging therapeutic ultrasound system. The findings of the TRUMBI trial (26 patients) underscored the adverse bioeffects of midkilohertz (300 kHz) ultrasound, such as promotion of bleeding in brain areas both affected and unaffected by ischemia. Exposure to multifrequency, multielement duplex ultrasound resulted in a trend toward a higher risk of hemorrhagic transformation. To further enhance the ability of TPA to break up thrombi, current ongoing clinical trials include phase II studies of a single-beam, 2-MHz TCD with perflutren lipid microspheres. Enhancement of intra-arterial TPA delivery is being clinically tested with 1.7–2.1 MHz pulsed-wave ultrasound (EKOS catheter). Multinational dose escalation studies of microspheres and the development of an operator-independent ultrasound device are underway.     

经颅多普勒超声持续监测辅助尿激酶动脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的观察经颅多普勒超声(TCD)持续监测辅助尿激酶动脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的疗效。方法 28例急性脑梗死患者随机分为TCD组和对照组。两组均予以尿激酶动脉溶栓治疗;TCD组在此基础上予以TCD持续监测。根据TCD检查血流信号的改变判断血管再通情况;采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分和Barthel指数(BI)评估患者神经功能缺损的程度。治疗后3 d内采用CT检查判断有无颅内出血等不良反应。结果治疗后30 d、90 d时,TCD组NIHSS评分均明显低于对照组(均P<0.05);BI均明显高于对照组(P<0.05~0.01)。TCD组治疗后24 h时血管再通率(78.6%)明显高于对照组(30.8%)(P<0.05),治疗后再通时间[(34.5±10.5)min]明显短于对照组[(55.8±13.6)min](P<0.01)。两组治疗后3d内CT检查均未发现颅内出血等不良反应。结论 TCD持续监测辅助尿激酶动脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的疗效较好,且无明显不良反应。     

尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗超早期脑梗塞的临床应用研究

目的探讨尿激酶超早期静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗塞的临床方法及疗效。方法按入选标准筛选合适病人进行溶栓,以相同时期非溶栓治疗的具有相同条件的患者为对照组。结果治疗组和对照组的完全加基本恢复率分别为45.7％和17.2％,差异有统计学意义(P=0.016)。溶栓组大面积脑梗塞完全恢复及基本恢复率为31.5％,明显优于对照组的0％(P=0.012)。两组出血率差异无统计学意义。结论只要严格掌握溶栓治疗时间窗、适应症、禁忌症、剂量,尿激酶静脉溶栓是安全有效的;尤其对于大面积脑梗塞具有不可比拟的疗效。由神经内科医生亲自床边监测TCD,有利于溶栓过程的用药指导及疗效判定,为提高溶栓恢复率和总有效率提供有力保证。     

阿替普酶与尿激酶治疗急性轻型脑梗死的疗效及安全性分析

目的 分析阿替普酶与尿激酶治疗急性轻型脑梗死的疗效及安全性.方法 回顾性收集2018-03—2019-06在保定市第一中心医院神经内四科住院的急性轻型脑梗死患者73例,均接受静脉溶栓治疗.根据所用溶栓药物分为阿替普酶组41例,尿激酶组32例.通过分析2组患者静脉溶栓后2 h、24 h、3 d、7 d NIHSS评分及治...     

Intracranial clot dissolution is associated with embolic signals on transcranial Doppler.

Reperfusion of intracranial arteries can be detected by transcranial Doppler (TCD). The authors report microembolic signals (MES) on TCD as a sign of clot dissolution and recanalization. Microembolic signals were detected during routine diagnostic TCD examination performed in the emergency room in patients eligible for thrombolytic therapy. Microembolic signals were found at the site of M1 middle cerebral artery (MCA) high-grade stenosis or near-occlusion. Transcranial Doppler was performed before, during, and after thrombolytic therapy. Of 16 consecutive patients, 3 (19%) had MES on TCD. All three patients had a severe MCA syndrome at 2 hours after stroke onset scored using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). In patient #1 (NIHSS 12), clusters of MES were detected distal to a high-grade M1 MCA stenosis preceding spontaneous clinical recovery by 2 minutes. Because of subsequent fluctuating clinical deficit, intraarterial thrombolysis was given with complete recovery. In patient #2 (NIHSS 20), TCD detected an M1 MCA near-occlusion. At 1.5 hours after intravenous tissue plasminogen activator, TCD showed minimal MCA flow signals followed by MES, increased velocities, and normal flow signals in just 2 minutes. She gradually recovered up to NIHSS 8 in 5 days. In patient #3 with NIHSS 22 and an M1 MCA near-occlusion, TCD detected MES 15 minutes after TPA bolus followed by MCA flow velocity improvement from 15 cm/sec to 30 cm/sec. The patient recovered completely by the end of tissue plasminogen activator infusion. The authors conclude that embolic signals detected by TCD at the site of arterial obstruction can indicate clot dissolution. Intracranial recanalization on TCD can be associated with MES and changes in flow waveform, pulsatility, and velocity if insonation is performed at the site of arterial obstruction.