粉防己碱对绒癌BeWo细胞增殖和凋亡的作用

目的 探讨粉防己碱对人绒癌BeWo细胞株增殖和凋亡的作用.方法 采用不同浓度的粉防己碱处理人绒癌BeWo细胞株,在不同的作用时间采用MTT和流式细胞仪检测细胞增殖及凋亡的变化;Western blot检测PCNA和Survivin的表达.结果 采用不同剂量的粉防己碱处理BeWo细胞不同的时间,细胞均表现出生长的抑制,且为剂量及时间依赖性(P＜0.01).0、5、10、20 μg/mL粉防己碱作用24小时后,细胞凋亡的比例依次为3.52％±0.62％、8.32％±2.1％、13.45％±2.7％和27.38％±3.1％(F =41.616,P＜0.01),PCNA蛋白表达分别为0.85±0.05、0.53±0.04、0.22±0.01和0.03±0.01(F=244.375,P＜0.01),Survivin蛋白表达分别为1.06±0.01、0.98±0.06、0.52±0.03和0.39±0.03(F =529.4,P＜0.01).结论 粉防己碱可以对绒癌细胞株BeWo产生时间及浓度依赖的生长抑制作用,诱导绒癌细胞株的凋亡,有可能成为GTT化疗方案的辅助治疗药物.     

Syncytin与滋养细胞融合

Syncytin是人类内源性逆转录病毒HERV—W基因编码的膜糖蛋白，主要在胎盘合体滋养细胞表达。Syncytin可促进滋养细胞的融合，它的表达异常与妊娠高血压综合征、21-三体综合征等病理妊娠有关。     

Syncytin与滋养细胞融合

Syncytin是人类内源性逆转录病毒HERV W基因编码的膜糖蛋白,主要在胎盘合体滋养细胞表达。Syncytin可促进滋养细胞的融合,它的表达异常与妊娠高血压综合征、21- 三体综合征等病理妊娠有关。     

GRIM-19对子宫颈癌细胞株HeLa细胞Survivin基因表达的影响

目的:探讨稳定转染GRIM-19对子宫颈癌细胞株HeLa细胞凋亡抑制基因Survivin的表达以及细胞增殖的影响。方法:采用脂质体转染法将GRIM-19重组质粒转染子宫颈癌细胞株HeLa细胞,建立稳定表达GRIM-19的HeLa细胞株,采用RT-PCR检测HeLa细胞转染GRIM-19后mRNA水平表达情况,采用WesternBlot检测稳定转染后GRIM-19与Survivin的表达情况,应用细胞计数法观察各组细胞增殖水平。结果:建立稳定的GRIM-19基因表达的HeLa细胞株,命名为HeLa/G19细胞,对照组细胞命名为HeLa/Con细胞。RT-PCR检测显示GRIM-19mRNA表达明显增加,WesternBlot检测显示GRIM-19的蛋白表达显著升高、Survivin蛋白的表达水平显著降低。细胞计数法实验显示HeLa/GRIM-19细胞增殖较HeLa/Con细胞明显减慢(P<0.05)。结论:GRIM-19可以抑制子宫颈癌细胞Survivin的表达,阻滞细胞的生长,可能是子宫颈癌治疗的新靶点。     

增殖细胞核抗原与卵巢癌细胞系化学敏感性

目的 :探讨增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)与上皮性卵巢癌细胞系化学敏感性的关系。方法 :使用顺铂作用于A2 780及AD6 0细胞株。在MTT法测定耐药倍数基础上 ,用ABC检测PCNA表达。结果 :MTT测定AD6 0的耐药倍数为 2 .4。A2 780PCNA的表达低于AD6 0 ,且随药物浓度的递增染色较耐药组明显变浅。A2 780、AD6 0相同药物浓度作用后PCNA的表达有显著性差异 (P 0 .0 1) ;同一细胞株不同药物浓度作用后PCNA表达有显著性差异 (P 0 .0 1)。结论 :增殖细胞核抗原表达与上皮性卵巢癌细胞对细胞毒性药物的化学敏感性呈负相关。     

生存素mRNA、生存素和PCNA在大肠癌中的表达及意义

目的　探讨SurvivinmRNA、Survivin和PCNA在大肠癌中的表达及意义。方法　原位杂交、免疫组化法检测 64例大肠癌中SurvivinmRNA、Survivin、PCNA蛋白表达。结果　SurvivinmRNA、Survivin蛋白在大肠癌的阳性率分别为 5 3 %、5 3 % ,其表达与大肠癌组织类型、淋巴结转移相关 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而与侵犯深度无关 (P >0 0 5 )。癌旁组织中无Survivin表达。PCNA增殖指数为 ( 3 3 65± 18 7) %。Survivin与PCNA蛋白表达呈正相关。结论　大肠癌中Survivin高表达 ,其与大肠癌分化程度、淋巴结转移、增殖活性有关。Survivin基因有望成为大肠癌诊断、治疗的新靶点。     

滋养层细胞凋亡与稽留流产的关系

目的:探讨滋养层细胞凋亡与稽留流产的关系。方法:对30例正常早孕吸宫流产病例和35例稽留流产病例的绒毛滋养层细胞进行凋亡研究。常规光镜观察细胞形态学变化;免疫组织化学SP法检测增殖细胞核抗原PCNA、抑凋亡基因Survivin和促凋亡基因P53在细胞中的表达。结果:稽留流产组绒毛形态学结构均出现不同程度的退行性改变,绒毛细胞滋养层细胞中PCNA表达较正常早孕组明显减少,差异具有非常显著性意义(P<0.01),合体滋养层细胞PCNA少量表达;稽留流产组绒毛滋养层细胞Survivin低于正常早孕组,而P53则高于正常早孕组,差异均有非常显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论:滋养层细胞凋亡的增加可能是稽留流产发生的一个重要病理过程,其机制可能与PCNA、Survivin和P53基因的表达异常有关。     

Livin蛋白在妊娠滋养细胞疾病组织中的表达

目的:检测Livin蛋白在妊娠滋养细胞疾病中的表达,探讨其在妊娠滋养细胞疾病发生、发展中的作用。方法:收集2006年6月～2008年6月间山东省聊城市人民医院妇产科门诊手术或住院病人127例的组织标本,其中正常早孕绒毛组织35例、葡萄胎组织42例、侵蚀性葡萄胎组织28例及绒癌组织22例。采用免疫组化链酶抗生物素-过氧化物酶(SP)法对各组织标本中Livin蛋白的表达进行检测。结果:Livin蛋白在正常早孕组、葡萄胎组、侵蚀性葡萄胎组及绒癌组中滋养细胞细胞核及细胞浆的表达强度依次增加,各组间的表达强度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:Livin蛋白在滋养细胞的过度表达在滋养细胞恶性病变的发生、发展中发挥重要作用。     

Survivin、hTERT在早产胎盘滋养细胞表达情况的研究

目的通过观察早产患者胎盘中凋亡抑制蛋白Survivin及h TERT蛋白在胎盘滋养细胞的表达,探讨Survivin因子介导滋养细胞凋亡与早产的关系。方法采用免疫组织化学方法 (S-P法)对30例早产和30例正常足月妊娠产妇的胎盘滋养细胞层Survivin蛋白及h TERT蛋白表达进行检测和对比研究。结果早产组与足月妊娠组胎盘滋养细胞Survivin表达率为分别为80.00%,h TERT表达分别为30.00%、86.67%,两组中Survivin与h TERT表达差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且两者的表达呈正相关(r=0.400,P0.05)。结论早产组Survivin、h TERT表达下降,两者呈正相关,说明胎盘滋养细胞凋亡及早产有关。     

白藜芦醇对绒癌细胞JEG-3的杀伤效应

目的:研究白藜芦醇(RES)对绒癌细胞JEG-3的凋亡作用及其机制.方法:不同浓度RES药物作用于JEG-3细胞,采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法、流式细胞术、Western blot法,检测RES对细胞增殖、周期分布、凋亡、及相关蛋白表达的影响.结果:RES以时间和浓度依赖方式抑制JEG-3细胞的增殖(P<0.01),同时诱导JEG-3细胞发生凋亡和G0/G1期阻滞(P<0.01).Western blot法检测显示在RES作用之后,Caspase-3蛋白、Bax表达明显上调,Bcl-2表达明显下调.结论:RES可抑制人绒癌JEG-3细胞增殖、诱导其凋亡、阻滞细胞G0/G1期、伴随Caspase-3活性上调,其机制可能与上调凋亡蛋白Bax、下调抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2有关.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

The risk of heat exhaustion at a deep underground metalliferous mine in relation to surface temperatures

The risk of heat exhaustion at a deep underground metalliferous mine was assessed in relation to thermal conditions prevailing on the surface. For each day of a 1-year prospective case series of heat exhaustion, surface 24-h mean wet and dry bulb temperatures were recorded. From this data, 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperatures were derived using certain assumptions. The three surface temperature variables were significantly higher on those days on which heat exhaustion occurred, compared to those days on which it did not occur (P < 0.001). The relative risk of heat exhaustion on days when the 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperature was in the range 26.0-28.0 degrees C was 4.82 (95% confidence interval 2.12-10.96). Surface temperature data could be used at this mine to warn miners about the risk of heat exhaustion.