吴茱萸化学成分研究

目的 研究吴茱萸Euodia rutaecarpa干燥果实的化学成分。方法 采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20等开放柱色谱及半制备HPLC等方法对吴茱萸乙醇提取物进行分离纯化,并根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果 从吴茱萸95%乙醇提取物中分离得到11个化合物,分别鉴定为吴茱萸碱（evodiamine,1）、吴茱萸次碱（rutaecarpine,2）、3-(2′-羟基乙酰基)-吲哚（3-hydroxyacetylindole,3）、N-反式对羟基肉桂酰基-对羟基苯乙胺 [N-(trans-p-coumaroyl)-tyramine,4]、N-顺式对羟基肉桂酰基-对羟基苯乙胺 [N-(cis-p-coumaroyl)-tyramine,5]、白鲜碱（dictamnine,6）、吴茱萸春（evolitrine,7）、6-甲氧基白鲜碱（6-methoxydictamnine,8）、茵芋碱（skimmiamine,9）、7-羟基吴茱萸次碱（7-hydroxyrutaecarpine,10）、阿塔宁I（atanine I,11）。结论 化合物3为首次从该属植物中分离得到;化合物4～11为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

三桠苦的化学成分研究

目的 研究三桠苦Melicope pteleifolia茎的化学成分。方法 运用硅胶柱色谱、反相HPLC、重结晶等方法分离纯化,并通过UV、IR、MS和NMR光谱学方法进行结构鉴定。结果 从三桠苦茎中分离得到了12个化合物,分别鉴定为异吴茱萸酮酚(isoevodionol,1)、3-乙酰基-β-谷甾醇(sitost-5-en-3β-ol acetate,2)、甲基异吴茱萸酮酚(methylevodinol,3)、4-豆甾烯-3-酮(stigmast-4-en-3-one,4)、三桠苦素C(leptin C,5)、三桠苦素A(leptin A,6)、3-异戊烯基伞形花内酯［3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl) umbelliferone,7］、7-去甲基软木花椒素(7-demethylsuberosin,8)、吴茱萸春(evolitrie,9)、5-羟基-6-乙酰基-7-甲氧基色原酮(5-hydroxy-6-acety-7-methoxychromnone,10)、7α-羟基甾醇(7α-hydroxysitosterol,11)和异紫花前胡内酯(nodakenetin,12)。结论 化合物2、4、7、8、10～12为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物10为一新天然产物。     

石虎化学成分分离及结构表征

目的：对石虎[Evodiarutaecarpaouss．）Benth．var．officinalis（Dode）Huang]化学成分进行分离和结构表征。方法：采用溶剂法、硅胶柱层析和重结晶等方法进行分离纯化,根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据鉴定结构。结果：从石虎中分离得到4个化合物,分别为：吴茱萸碱,吴茱萸次碱,去氢吴茱萸碱,羟基吴茱萸碱。     

莲子心化学成分研究

目的研究莲Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.的成熟种子中间绿色胚根(莲子心)的化学成分。方法利用ODS、Sephadex LH-20、聚酰胺柱色谱及半制备高效液相色谱等方法分离纯化;通过NMR、MS等波谱方法鉴定其结构。结果从莲子心的乙醇提取物中分离得到8个化合物,分别鉴定为莲心碱(Liensinine,1)、异莲心碱(Isoliensinine,2)、甲基莲心碱(Neferine,3)、荷叶碱(Nuciferine、4)、去甲乌药碱(Higenamine,5)、3个黄酮类:芦丁(Rutin,6)、金丝桃苷(Hyperoside,7)、木樨草素-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Luteolin-β-D-glycoside,8)。结论化合物8为首次从莲属植物中分离得到。     

海洋细菌Halomonas elongate的次级代谢产物研究

目的 对具有抗肿瘤活性的海洋细菌Halomonas elongate进行次级代谢产物的分离、纯化及抗肿瘤活性研究.方法 通过大孔吸附树脂、硅胶、ODS、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱等分离纯化手段,对H.elongate的次级代谢产物进行分离纯化;根据1H NMR谱、13C NMR谱及MS分析,并结合文献确定结构:采用MTT法对分离得到的次级代谢产物进行活性检测.结果 从海洋细菌H.elongate的发酵粗提物中分离鉴定3个化合物,分别为胸腺嘧啶-2 '-脱氧核苷(1)、环(L-甘氨酸-L-脯氨酸)二肽(2)、1-(2'-脱氧-β-D-赤式-呋喃戊糖)-1氢-1,2,4-三嗪酮(3),活性检测结果显示3个化合物对人肺癌细胞H1299生长活性均无显著抑制作用(IC50＞20 μμmol/L).结论 化合物1～3均为首次从Halomonas中分离得到.     

海洋放线菌Nocardiopsis sp.SCSIO 11492的抗肿瘤活性成分研究

目的 研究海洋放线菌Nocardiopsis sp.SCSIO 11492的抗肿瘤活性成分.方法 采用ODS反相硅胶中压柱色谱、正相硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱等方法分离纯化次级代谢产物;13 C NMR、1 H NMR、HSQC、1 H-1 HCOSY、HMBC等波谱技术并结合电喷雾电离质谱法鉴定结构;MTT法进行体外抗肿瘤活性测试.结果 从海洋放线菌Nocardiopsis sp.SCSIO 11492的乙酸乙酯萃取物中分离得到8个化合物,分别为2′-脱氧腺苷(1)、2′-脱氧胸腺嘧啶核苷(2)、2′-脱氧尿苷(3)、尿嘧啶核苷(4)、1-棕榈酰-3-β-D-半乳糖甘油酯(5)、环(亮-缬)二肽(6)、环(缬-脯)二肽(7)、环(脯-脯)二肽(8).其中化合物5对小鼠单核巨噬细胞白血病细胞RAW264.7显示出较好的生长抑制活性(IC50=10.9μmol/L),其他化合物均没有表现出明显的细胞毒活性(IC50>20.0μmol/L).结论 以上8个化合物均为首次从该菌中分离得到,其中化合物5可能是该菌的抗肿瘤活性成分.     

云南狗牙花吲哚类生物碱成分及其生物活性研究

目的:研究云南狗牙花吲哚类生物碱成分,阐明其戒毒活性的物质基础.方法:云南狗牙花茎枝粉末的95%乙醇提取浸膏经酸提碱沉后得到总生物碱(TEYA),TEYA经反复硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH20 凝胶柱层析分离纯化化学成分,波谱学分析鉴定化学结构,采用条件性位置偏爱模型对单体化合物进行活性评价.结果:分离鉴定了9个吲哚类生物成分:冠狗牙花定碱(1),伏康京碱(2),3-R-乙氧基冠狗牙花定碱(3),3-S-乙氧基冠狗牙花定碱(4), 19-表-海尼山辣椒碱(5),海尼山辣椒碱(6),19-表-非洲伏康树碱(7),7-羟基冠狗牙花定碱(8),12-methoxyl-voaphylline(9).化合物2、7对吗啡的身体依赖性和精神依赖性都有一定的防治作用.结论:化合物3、4、8、9为首次从该植物中分离得到,冠狗牙花定碱类吲哚生物碱为云南狗牙花总碱的主要活性成分.     

HPLC同时测定吴茱萸中吴茱萸碱、吴茱萸次碱和吴茱萸内酯的含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱法同时测定吴茱萸中吴茱萸碱、吴茱萸次碱和吴茱萸内酯含量的方法.方法:采用高效液相色谱法,Hypersil ODS2 C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm);流动相:甲醇-水梯度洗脱,0～30 min,甲醇-水(32∶68),30 min以后,甲醇-水(63∶37);流速:0.8 ml/min;检测波长:225 nm;柱温:32℃.结果:吴茱萸碱的回归方程:Y=4252.1X+16.231,R2=1,线性范围0.20～4.0 μg;吴茱萸次碱回归方程:Y=988.18X-18.269,R2=1,线性范围0.20～4.0 μg;吴茱萸内酯回归方程:Y=131.09X-9.113,R2=0.9992,线性范围0.363～7.26μg.吴茱萸碱平均回收率为97.8%,RSD1.11%;吴茱萸次碱平均回收率为97.3%,RSD1.17%;吴茱萸碱平均回收率为97.8%,RSD2.10%.结论:该方法稳定,重现性好,操作简单.     

海南狗牙花中的吲哚类生物碱化学成分研究

目的 对海南狗牙花中的吲哚类生物碱进行分离鉴定.方法 采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20等柱色谱方法进行分离,NMR等波谱学方法进行结构鉴定.结果 从海南狗牙花中分离鉴定了7个吲哚类生物碱,分别为:海南狗牙花素(hainanervatasine, I)、海南狗牙花新(hainanervatacine, Ⅰ)、老刺木碱(vobasine, Ⅱ)、冠狗牙花定(coronaridine, Ⅳ)、3-羟基冠狗牙花定(3-hydroxyl coronaridine, Ⅴ)、3-(2-羰基-丙基)冠狗牙花碱[3-(2-oxopropyl) coronaridine, Ⅵ]、山辣椒胺(tabernamine, Ⅶ).结论 化合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ为新化合物,分别命名为海南狗牙花素(Ⅰ)、海南狗牙花新(Ⅱ),化合物Ⅳ、Ⅵ为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

吴茱萸碱、吴茱萸次碱和吴茱萸总碱的小鼠急性毒性

目的观察吴茱萸碱、吴茱萸次碱和吴茱萸总碱的急性毒性,为吴茱萸碱类的深入研究提供实验依据。方法昆明种小鼠,清洁级,雌雄兼用,随机分为4组:空白对照、吴茱萸碱、吴茱萸次碱和吴茱萸总碱组。各给药组分别单次灌胃给药2 g/kg,无小鼠死亡。然后进行单次灌胃最大给药量(5g/kg)实验,连续观察14 d。观察小鼠一般指标及体重变化;分别在给药后2 h、8 h、1 d、7 d和14 d测定血清谷氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、肌酐(Crea)和尿素(Urea)的浓度;同时进行心、肝、脾、肺、肾和脑组织病理学观察,并计算脏器指数。结果在观察的14 d内无小鼠死亡。与空白对照组比较,吴茱萸3种生物碱给药小鼠的皮毛、行为活动、呼吸、精神状态、饮食等均未见明显异常改变。测定药后2 h、8 h、24 h、7 d和14 d ALT、AST、Crea、Urea及主要脏器指数,与对照组没有明显差异。肉眼及组织病理学观察没有异常发现。吴茱萸碱组于给药后7 d和14 d时,体重较对照组呈下降趋势,但无统计学意义。结论小鼠分别单次灌胃吴茱萸碱、吴茱萸次碱或吴茱萸总碱最大给药量5g/kg,连续观察14 d,未见明显毒性。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.