非常见部位和非典型纵隔肿瘤12例的CT分析

本文报道了12例发生于非常见部位和 CT 表现不典型的纵隔肿瘤,讨论了其 CT 诊断和鉴别诊断。作者认为,只要认真分析每一例的监床及 CT 表现,绝大多数此类肿瘤能够得到正确诊断。本组12例中的11例(91%)术前得到正确的 CT 诊断。     

纵隔型肺癌和纵隔肿瘤在CT上的鉴别诊断

目的研究纵隔型肺癌的CT影像特点,提高纵隔型肺癌诊断的正确率。方法回顾性分析了从2011年9月至2014年2月期间我院经支气管镜或手术病理证实的29例纵隔型肺癌的影像学特征。结果 29例纵隔型肺癌患者中,中心性肺癌14例,周围型肺癌11例,隐匿性肺癌4例。左上肺11例,左下肺2例,右上肺13例,右下肺3例。CT表现为大小不等,形态不规则的软组织肿块影,CT表现为大小不等,形态不规则的软组织肿块影,其中病灶中央坏死15例,不规则钙化5例;7例患者有肺不张,肺门淋巴结肿大者8例,纵隔淋巴结肿大者11例,淋巴结坏死者5例。结论在纵隔型肺癌在CT表现上具有一定特点,可与纵隔肿瘤进行鉴别。     

纵隔肿瘤外科手术和临床观察

目的观察纵隔肿瘤外科手术和临床疗效。方法本文选择了自2008年1月至2011年1月来我院治疗的40例纵隔肿瘤患者,对其临床资料与外科治疗方法进行了回顾性分析。结果所选资料中,共37例患者手术完整切除,其中一并切除肺叶1例,3例进行开胸探查活检,手术切除率高达92.5%。38例患者痊愈出院,术后并发脊液胸腔漏在治疗后病情好转出院患者1例,因术后呼吸衰竭死亡1例,死亡率为2.5%。结论外科手术是治疗纵隔肿瘤的首选方法,选择恰当的手术切口,将瘤体尽量完整切除,依照病理选择恰当的术后治疗方法,能够有效提高治愈率。     

术前纵隔淋巴结分期和术中纵隔淋巴结清扫对肺癌治疗的意义

肺癌一定要先分期后治疗 科学准确的临床分期是决定肺癌治疗方案的重要前提.肺癌临床分期方法分为无创分期和有创分期.     

Mediastinal form of cat-scratch disease

The authors reported a case of Cat--Scratch Disease (CSD) in a 14-year-old boy; it was an unusual CSD by its mediastinal mass location. Histopathological lesions which appeared as pseudo-tubercular folliculi mislead us. Disease was finally diagnosed by biological exams: a strongly positive Hanger-Rose reaction and serological assays used for the diagnosis of psittacosis, ornithosis, lymphagranuloma venereum and trachoma. CSD is a common cause of chronic lymphadenopathy in children. In the majority of patients, CSD is a mild illness. Some unusual forms as Parinaud's oculoglandular syndrome, neurological lesions, osteomyelitis and exceptionaly mediastinal lymphadenopathy have been reported. 2 cases of the latest ones were already described.     

Mediastinal lymphangioma and generalized lymphangiomatosis a case report

Lymphangioma is a malformation composed of a mass of dilated lymph vessels typically found in the cervical region in children. Mediastinal lymphangioma is a rare condition and accounts for 0.01% to 4.5% of all mediastinal tumors. Only 4 cases of mediastinal lymphangioma involving the heart and great vessels in adults have been described in the available literature. Extremely rarely, lymphangiomas occur as a generalized lymphangiomatosis. We present a case of a woman who coughed up small amounts of fresh blood during 6 months and showed signs of cardiac failure. Several years previously, the patient underwent surgical removal of cystic lymphangiomas from the left ovary, both fallopian tubes and small intestine. A chest radiograph showed an 8-cm round shadow located in the middle lobe. A computerized tomography (CT) scan of the chest with contrast verified the existence of a cyst in the anterior mediastinum. The radiologist suggested that the cyst could have originated in the pericardium. One small cyst also appeared in the projection of the left cardiophrenic sinus. A CT scan with contrast of the patient’s abdomen showed multiple cystic formations in the liver, spleen, kidneys, and left parapelvic region. A fine-needle biopsy of the mediastinal tumor verified the cystic lymphangioma, which was then completely removed surgically. A pathohistological examination confirmed the existence of cystic lymphangioma. The patient was discharged after a period of recovery.     

纵隔型肺癌的影像学诊断

目的分析研究纵隔型肺癌的影像学表现特征,提高对纵隔型肺癌的认识。方法回顾性分析36例经病理证实的纵隔型肺癌的临床、X线及CT资料,着重分析肿块的位置、大小、边缘特征、肺内改变以及与纵隔的关系。结果36例纵隔型肺癌的肿块紧贴纵隔生长或大部分位于纵隔内,多呈圆形或椭圆形。其中27例位于上纵隔,6例位于中纵隔,3例位于前、中纵隔边缘。临近支气管常有狭窄或闭塞。23例短毛刺,31例分叶,14例原发癌肿与肺门及纵隔肿大淋巴结融合成块。病理类型鳞癌22例,小细胞癌9例,腺癌3例,大细胞癌2例。属于中央型肺癌19例,周围型肺癌24例,隐匿型肺癌3例。结论纵隔型肺癌生长与纵隔关系密切相关,但大多仍具有肺癌的临床表现及影像学特征。CT在鉴别诊断中更有价值。     

Mediastinal parathyroid adenoma: a case report

Ectopic parathyroid adenomas represent a diagnostic challenge, since they are quite rare in clinical practice. We present a case of a 61 years old man with symptomatic hypercalcemia due to an ectopic parathyroid adenoma in the upper-anterior mediastinum that was not localized by the scintigraphy. Ultrasonography identified a nodule on the left upper-superior lobe of the thyroid gland, consistent with a parathyroid adenoma; scintigraphy showed two focuses of abnormal tracer uptake, one on the left upper-superior lobe of the gland and the other on the right inferior lobe of the gland. Patient underwent surgery to remove the adenoma on the left side, but postoperatively PTH and serum calcium level were still elevated. CT scan showed a mass of 27 x 22 mm in the upper anterior mediastinum, in front of the right emisoma of D2. The final surgery allowed us to remove the adenoma with a laterocervical approach. The histopathology was consistent with parathyroid adenoma.     

椎管内肠源性囊肿手术治疗与评价

目的总结了椎管内肠源性囊肿的临床特点、诊断和治疗.方法分析了8例椎管内肠源性囊肿的临床资料,并结合了文献加以分析探讨.结果8例中6例为儿童,男女之比为3:1,囊肿位于颈段3例,胸段例,颈胸交界2例,腰骶段1例.囊肿全切除4例,近全切除1例,部分切除3例,均取得了较好疗效.结论椎管肠源性囊肿是先天性良性病变,早期诊断及手术治疗是最好的选择.     

原发性纵隔肿瘤60例的临床分析

目的总结原发性纵隔肿瘤的诊断、临床资料及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析和研究2007年1月至2010年1月在经外科手术诊治的60例原发性纵隔肿瘤患者的临床资料。结果本组患者无围手术期死亡,术后出现并发症8例,其余患者均恢复出院。结论在原发性纵隔肿瘤中,本组发病率由高到低依次为畸胎瘤、神经源性肿瘤、胸腺瘤、淋巴瘤。手术是主要的诊治方式,术后综合治疗是影响预后的重要因素。     

Mesenteric cysts in Nigerians

Mesenteric cysts are uncommon and are said to be rarer among blacks than in caucasians. We report six mesenteric cysts seen in five patients over a 9 1/2 year period with an incidence of one in 48,497 hospital admissions. there were three males and two females. Ultrasonography was carried out in three of our five cases. There is need to include mesenteric cyst in the differential diagnosis of an abdominal mass. Surgery was the mainstay of treatment. At laparotomy, five of the cysts were found in the mesentery of the small bowel. Simple enucleation was done in one patient while cyst resection with adjacent bowel was carried out in three patients. There were two cysts in the youngest patient and these were internally drained. All the patients did well with uneventful post-operative period with no mortality. Follow up had been from 14 months to 6 years.     

膝关节镜下交叉韧带囊肿的诊断与治疗

目的探讨前交叉韧带(ACL)囊肿和后交叉韧带(PCL)囊肿的诊断和治疗方法。方法对16例经关节镜证实的ACL囊肿和PCL囊肿患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果本研究16例患者中优12例,良3例,一般1例,优良率为93.75%。结论单纯膝关节疼痛,尤其是伴有膝关节活动度受限且X线检查无异常,应鉴别诊断是否患有交叉韧带囊肿。关节镜下完整切除囊肿可作为首选治疗方法。     

单操作孔全胸腔镜手术治疗纵隔肿瘤的疗效分析

目的:探讨单操作孔全胸腔镜手术治疗纵膈肿瘤的疗效。方法:回顾分析某院2015年1月~2018年12月期间收治的纵膈肿瘤患者60例,按治疗方式分对照组(30例接受常规三孔式胸腔镜手术治疗)和研究组(30例接受单操作孔全胸腔镜手术治疗),比较两组治疗状况,如围术期指标、并发症等。结果:组间医疗费用比较(P>0.05),研究组住院时间、切口长度、使用镇痛药物时间、术后引流时间、术中失血量、手术时间均低于对照组(P<0.05);研究组并发症发生率6.67%低于对照组43.33%(P<0.05);研究组复发率10.00%低于对照组40.00%(P<0.05)。结论:用单操作孔全胸腔镜手术治疗纵膈肿瘤,创伤性小,对术后恢复有促进作用,且并发症低和复发率低。     

螺旋CT诊断单纯肺门纵隔肿大淋巴结

目的探讨螺旋CT对单纯肺门纵隔淋巴结肿大的表现及诊断。方法对46例单纯肺门纵隔淋巴结肿大患者行胸部CT及增强扫描,分析影像表现。结果46例单纯肺门纵隔淋巴结肿大者,结节病8例,淋巴瘤14例,结核4例,转移性淋巴结癌20例。结论单纯肺门纵隔淋巴结肿大CT表现有一定特征性,螺旋CT能较准确地诊断。