冠舒滴丸的成型工艺研究

目的 通过正交试验确立冠舒滴丸的最佳成型工艺.方法 通过预试验确定选用基质、药材提取物与基质配比及冷却剂,以滴丸成型率(％)为筛选指标,以滴丸滴制温度、滴制过程的滴速和冷凝柱长度为考察因素,采用正交试验法优选冠舒滴丸的最佳制备工艺.结果 滴制温度为85℃、滴速为60～ 70滴/min、冷凝柱长度为80 cm,制备滴丸成...     

参芪养心滴丸的成型工艺研究

目的研究参芪养心滴丸的成型工艺。方法采用滴制法制备,以滴丸的丸重变异系数、溶散时限和圆整度 作为评价指标,采用正交试验法研究滴丸的最佳成型工艺条件。结果最佳滴制工艺条件为药材提取物与基质配比1：2, PEG 4000与PEG 6000以1：1配比作为基质,二甲基硅油作为冷却剂。结论选取的滴制工艺稳定、简便,具有良好的重复 性,适用于本制剂的制备。     

选奇滴丸在小鼠高台十字迷宫实验中的抗焦虑作用

目的运用行为药理学手段观察研究选奇滴丸对小鼠的抗焦虑作用。方法将实验小鼠分为5组,分别为模型对照组,阳性对照组（地西泮0.003 g·kg-1）,选奇滴丸高、中、低（5.2、2.6、1.3 g·kg-1）3个剂量组（n=10）,连续给药5 d,末次给药后0.5 h进行高台十字迷宫实验,评价选奇滴丸的抗焦虑作用。结果与模型对照组相比,选奇滴丸各剂量组小鼠的开臂进入次数比例和开臂进入时间比例均有提高。当选奇滴丸的给药剂量为5.2 g·kg-1时小鼠在高台十字迷宫中的开臂进入次数和开臂进入时间与地西泮0.003 g·kg-1时的作用相当。结论选奇滴丸对实验小鼠具有显著的抗焦虑作用。     

选奇滴丸对偏头痛动物模型血清中NO 5-HT浓度的影响

目的观察选奇滴丸对偏头痛大鼠血清中一氧化氮、五羟色胺浓度的影响,探讨选奇滴丸治疗偏头痛的机制。方法 Wistar大鼠随机分为6组：空白对照组、模型对照组、阳性药物对照组（正天丸2 g·kg-1）、选奇滴丸低、中、高剂量组（0.29、0.59、1.18 g·kg-1）,各组连续灌胃给药7 d（空白对照组与模型对照组给予等量纯净水）,末次给药30 min后,除空白对照组外,其余各组采用皮下注射硝酸甘油法制备偏头痛模型。造模4 h后腹主动脉采血,采用硝酸酶还原法测定一氧化氮浓度,酶联免疫吸附法测定五羟色胺含量。结果与模型对照组比较,阳性药物对照组,选奇滴丸低、中、高剂量组均能显著降低偏头痛大鼠血清中一氧化氮浓度,升高血清中五羟色胺浓度。结论选奇滴丸治疗偏头痛与其调节偏头痛大鼠一氧化氮与五羟色胺的水平密切相关。     

高效液相色谱法测定选奇头痛滴丸中黄芩苷的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定选奇头痛滴丸中黄芩苷的含量。方法色谱柱：Chromasil-C18柱（150mm×4.6mm,5μm）;流动相：甲醇-水-磷酸（47∶55∶0.2）;流速：1.0ml/min;检测波长：280nm;柱温：室温。结果黄芩苷在24.8～248μg/ml范围内,进样量与峰面积线性关系良好,r=0.9997（n=6）,平均加样回收率为100.28%,RSD为0.89%。结论本方法操作简便、准确、专属性强、灵敏度高、重复性好,可用于选奇头痛滴丸中黄芩苷的含量测定和质量控制。     

正交试验研究当归多糖铁合成工艺

目的：优选当归多糖铁的最佳合成工艺，对影响当归多糖铁合成工艺的因素进行研究。方法：采用正交试验法，以合成物中铁的含量和当归多糖铁的产量为考察指标，对影响当归多糖铁合成工艺的因素进行研究。结果：当归多糖铁的最佳合成工艺为：取当归多糖4g，加入柠檬酸三钠2g，溶于120ml蒸馏水中，在温度为80℃条件下，调节pH值为8，滴加FeCl3溶液制得当归多糖铁络合物。结论：在合成工艺中，影响产量的主要因素是温度、pH及催化剂的量。     

痛舒颗粒的制备工艺

目的：研究痛舒颗粒的制备工艺。方法：采用正交试验的方法，以野黄芩苷含量、干膏收得率为指标综合评分，筛选出最佳提取工艺；采用单因素试验的方法对煎液浓缩的温度、制粒目数及颗粒干燥温度进行考察，筛选出成型工艺。结果：经3批中试研究，中试产品质量符合痛舒颗粒质量标准的各项规定，其成品收率达97．5％。结论：该生产工艺稳定、合理、可行，能够满足工业大生产的要求。     

无糖型咽炎颗粒成型工艺的研究

目的筛选出最佳的无糖型咽炎颗粒成型工艺条件。方法采用正交设计试验,以颗粒成型率和溶化性为指标,综合评价无糖型咽炎颗粒成型工艺。结果糊精与干浸膏粉比例为1.5、95%的乙醇和混合7min条件下,无糖型咽炎颗粒的成型率和溶化性最高,用本工艺制备的无糖型咽炎颗粒完全符合药典的要求。结论无糖型咽炎颗粒制粒工艺条件的筛选为该产品的工业化生产提供了科学理论依据。     

以聚醚为基质的耳用滴丸研制

耳用滴丸为一新剂型,它比滴耳剂有较多优点.国内常用各种不同规格PEG混合制滴丸,需根据地区的温湿度调整成份的比例.我们采用水溶性非离子型表面活性剂聚醚作基质配制吡哌酸滴丸与PEG配的滴丸作比较,含量测定用荧光分光光度法,结果两种滴丸在溶出度、透皮吸收率上有显著差异,聚醚均较慢,但工艺简单,兔体内动力学参数两种滴丸无差异.     

链霉素聚氰基丙烯酸正丁酯毫微粒的制备工艺研究

目的 对链霉素毫微粒的制备工艺进行研究,优选最佳制备工艺。方法 以可生物降解的氰基丙烯酸正丁酯为聚合材料,采用乳化聚合法制备SM—PBCA—NP;以载药量、包封率、粒径分布为评价指标,通过单因素试验初选、均匀设计法精选,优化制备工艺。结果 按优化工艺条件,制得载药毫微粒：平均粒径76nm,分布范围30-120nm,载药量62％,包封率87％。结论 经过优化筛选出的工艺,为链霉素聚氰基丙烯酸正丁酯毫微粒的最佳制备工艺。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.