46例创伤性膈肌破裂及膈疝的诊治体会

目的探讨创伤性膈肌破裂及膈疝的早期诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析46例创伤性膈肌破裂及膈疝患者临床资料。结果46例患者治愈43例,死亡3例,早期误诊率8.7%(4/46)术前漏诊率50%(23/46)。结论创伤性膈肌破裂及膈疝的早期诊断和及时正确的处理是提高治愈率的关键。     

创伤性膈疝的手术治疗

目的总结创伤性膈疝的术前诊断和手术治疗经验。方法回顾性分析我院37例创伤性膈疝的临床资料。结果术前确诊膈疝35例(94.6%),漏诊2例(5.4%),全部治愈34例(91.9%),死亡3例(8.1%)。结论 CT检查可提高膈疝的早期确诊率,及时而全面的手术探查可获得良好的治疗效果,延误诊治是本病死亡的主要原因。     

创伤性膈疝外科治疗18例报告

目的探讨创伤性膈疝的诊断和治疗。方法对18例创伤性膈疝的诊断和治疗资料进行分析。结果术前诊断10例,漏诊8例,术中漏诊1例,18例全部治愈。结论提高临床医师对本病的认识,对可疑患者完善检查、严密观察、早期手术,是提高治愈率的关键;胸片、B超、CT是主要诊断手段。     

创伤性膈肌破裂及膈疝在诊断和治疗中应注意的问题

目的 探讨创伤性膈肌破裂及膈疝的临床特点及诊断和治疗中应注意的问题.方法 对49例创伤性膈肌破裂和膈疝患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 左侧膈疝32例,右侧膈疝13例,双侧膈疝4例.1例闭合性胸腹联合伤并休克患者,术后死于多器官衰竭;3例诊断超过24h;其余闭合性膈肌破裂和膈疝患者,于伤后24 h内明确诊断,手术治愈.开放性膈肌破裂和膈疝患者,采用开腹探查术16例,5例漏诊需再次开胸手术;开胸探查术7例,2例术中改行胸腹联合切口手术;3例采用胸腹联合切口手术.一期治愈25例;1例合并化脓性肋软骨炎,病程长达13个月.结论 创伤性膈肌破裂及膈疝易漏诊和误诊,术前制订合理的检查治疗方案可减少并发症,降低误诊率及病死率.     

创伤性膈疝的外科治疗

目的探讨创伤性膈肌破裂的诊断和治疗方法。方法对我科自2006年1月至2012年6月共收治的创伤性膈肌破裂16例患者临床资料进行分析。结果全组术前漏诊、误诊6例,误诊率37.5%,死亡1例,死亡率6.25%,痊愈15例,治愈率93.7%。结论创伤性膈疝是一种少见,易被延误诊断的疾病,应提高认识及时全面的探查可降低误诊率,通过膈肌修补治疗,大多数创伤性膈疝可以治愈。     

创伤性膈肌破裂的诊治

目的　总结 12例创伤性膈肌破裂的诊断和治疗。方法　回顾了近 10年收治的创伤性膈肌破裂病人12例 ,其中左侧膈肌破裂 10例 ,右侧 2例。致伤原因依次为 :锐器刺伤 9例 ,车祸伤 2例 ,胸腹挤压 1例。术前明确诊断 8例 ,术中探查发现 3例 ,漏诊 1例。结果　 12例均经手术治疗 ,治愈 8例 ,死亡 4例 ,死亡率 33.3%。结论　术前对膈肌破裂的高度重视及术中对膈肌的仔细探查 ,是减少漏诊的关键。早期诊断、及时手术、积极有效的术后处理是提高治愈率的重要措施。     

创伤性膈疝的诊治体会

目的总结创伤性膈疝的诊治经验。方法回顾分析34例创伤性膈疝病例，其中穿透伤7例，闭合伤27例。19例行X线检查，11例有阳性发现。9例进行CT检查，8例有阳性发现。手术治疗采用剖胸术9例，剖腹术23例，胸腹联合切口手术2例。结果术前确诊20例（58．8％），手术探查确诊14例。治愈32例（94．1％），死亡2例（5．9％）。结论CT和X线检查是诊断创伤性膈疝的主要诊断依据。早期诊断、及时手术是提高治愈率、降低病死率的关键。     

创伤性膈疝诊断和治疗体会

目的探讨创伤性膈疝的病因、诊断、治疗和预后。方法回顾性分析38例急性创伤性膈疝的临床资料。结果本组患者左侧膈肌破裂31例，右侧膈肌破裂5例，双侧膈肌破裂2例（因双侧膈肌破裂诊断及治疗不同步，共行手术40例次）。经胸手术37例次，经腹手术3例次，均行膈肌破裂修补术。除3例严重多发伤死亡外，其余37例次手术均治愈。结论创伤性膈疝应早期手术治疗。     

创伤性膈疝32例临床诊治分析

目的?分析创伤性膈疝的早期诊断与治疗方法,最大程度减少漏诊误诊.方法?回顾总结长垣县中医院外科2005年1月—2012年8月32例创伤性膈疝患者的诊治经过.结果?本组患者全部康复出院,其中漏诊误诊17例,正确、及时诊断率为47%.结论创伤性膈疝的早期诊断是比较困难的,漏诊误诊率较高,对及时有效的治疗常造成影响.胸部X线、CT、B超检查等常常不能确诊.     

嵌顿性膈疝16例诊治分析

目的 总结嵌顿性膈疝的诊治经验.方法 回顾性分析经手术治疗的16例嵌顿性膈疝患者的临床资料,其中先天性膈疝2例,创伤性膈疝12例,食管癌术后并发的膈疝2例.术前经X线、CT检查、胸腔闭式引流确诊14例,2例为经剖腹探查证实.本组16例术中均行嵌顿疝松解还纳、膈肌缝合修补固定术.结果 本组患者术后并发脓胸1例.经闭式引流治愈;已发生绞窄穿孔的2例,术后1例死于中毒性休克.痊愈出院的15例术后随访0.5～3.0年未见异常.结论 X线、CT检查是诊断膈疝的重要手段,早期诊断及时手术是提高治愈率的关键.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.