高度近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的玻璃体手术和激光光凝治疗

目的 探讨高度近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离患者玻璃体手术联合激光光凝治疗的成功率及并发症。 方法 高度近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离患者35例38只眼，11例12只眼单行经睫状体平部的玻璃体手术及惰性气体眼内填充，未作激光光凝治疗；24例26只眼在玻璃体手术术中及术后作黄斑裂孔缘激光光凝。术后均作6个月以上的随访(平均随访时间21．7个月)。 结果 非光凝组5只眼黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离复发，占41．7%，术后0．1以上视力6只眼，占50.0%；光凝组2只眼黄斑裂孔复发，占7.7%，1只眼因周边新裂孔形成而复发视网膜脱离，术后有13只眼视力在0.1以上，占50.0%。统计学检验两组黄斑裂孔复发率概率P=0.024,视网膜脱离复发率概率P=0.0487。两组患者术后视力无显著差异。 结论 玻璃体手术联合黄斑区激光光凝治疗可提高高度近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的手术成功率。 (中华眼底病杂志,1998,14:199-201)     

高度近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的玻璃体手术和激光光凝治疗

目的探讨高度近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离患者玻璃体手术联合激光光凝治疗的成功率及并发症。方法高度近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离患者３５例３８只眼，１１例１２只眼单行经睫状体平部的玻璃体手术及惰性气体眼内填充，未作激光光凝治疗；２４例２６只眼在玻璃体手术术中及术后作黄斑裂孔缘激光光凝。术后均作６个月以上的随访（平均随访时间２１．７个月）。结果非光凝组５只眼黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离复发，占４１．７％，术后０．１以上视力６只眼，占５０．０％；光凝组２只眼黄斑裂孔复发，占７．７％，１只眼因周边新裂孔形成而复发视网膜脱离，术后有１３只眼视力在０．１以上，占５０．０％。统计学检验两组黄斑裂孔复发率概率Ｐ＝０．０２４，视网膜脱离复发率概率Ｐ＝０．０４８７。两组患者术后视力无显著差异。结论玻璃体手术联合黄斑区激光光凝治疗可提高高度近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的手术成功率。     

亮蓝辅助内界膜剥离治疗特发性黄斑裂孔的临床观察

目的观察亮蓝(BBG)辅助视网膜内界膜(ILM)剥离治疗特发性黄斑裂孔的临床效果及影响因素。方法对2009年6月至2011年7月在我院就诊的一组III、IV期特发性黄斑裂孔患者行玻璃体切割亮蓝辅助内界膜剥离治疗的37例(37只眼)患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,将术后黄斑裂孔I型闭合眼分为A组,黄斑裂孔II型闭合眼分为B组,所有病例术前均行常规最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、眼压、裂隙灯显微镜+90D前置镜眼底检查、B型超声、相干光断层扫描(OCT)检查。手术后随访6～16个月,观察患者手术后视力、裂孔闭合形式以及黄斑裂孔直径、厚度对术眼愈后的影响。结果 37例(37只眼)特发性黄斑裂孔均闭合,占100%,其中Ⅰ型闭合29只眼(A组),占78.4%,Ⅱ型闭合8只眼(B组),占21.6%,A、B两组手术后的视力较术前视力均提高,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01),且A组术后视力较B组好(P﹤0.05)。A组患眼手术前的黄斑裂孔直径小于B组,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01),A组患眼手术前的黄斑裂孔厚度小于B组,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论亮蓝辅助视网膜内界膜剥离治疗特发性黄斑裂孔是非常有效的手术方法,黄斑裂孔的直径和厚度是黄斑裂孔愈合的影响因素。     

黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离术后视功能恢复的观察

本文对３０例单眼罹患视网膜脱离经手术获得成功而另眼为健眼的病人，就黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离术后视功能恢复进行探讨。用Ｏｃｔｏｐｕｓ视野分析仪检查，健眼为对照眼。结果：术后３０只眼视野的定量值，ＭＳ比术前提高，而ＭＤ、ＣＬＶ比术前下降，差异呈显著性（Ｐ＜０．０００１）。随访６个月以上，术后视力与术前视力对照，有明显提高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离术后视功能恢复与裂孔大小、脱离的范围有关。术后黄斑功能不能完全恢复。     

玻璃体切除治疗玻璃体视网膜疾病临床观察

目的 探讨玻璃体切除手术治疗玻璃体视网膜疾病的临床疗效.方法 对30例(31眼)玻璃体视网膜疾病施行玻璃体切除手术,根据病情术中或联合晶状体切除、剥膜、视网膜激光光凝、硅油或C3F8填充、巩膜外冷凝、玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德,术后观察视力、眼压、前房炎症反应、视网膜复位、裂孔封闭、玻璃体视网膜出血情况.结果 术后随访3 ～18个月,平均(10±2.3)个月.术后视力有不同程度提高,与术前相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后眼压升高者3眼(9.68％),前房均不同程度炎症反应,应用药物治疗恢复正常;医源性视网膜裂孔2眼(6.45％).术前15眼视网膜脱离在术后视网膜解剖复位成功、视网膜裂孔封闭、黄斑裂孔闭合,玻璃体视网膜未发生严重出血.结论 玻璃体切除手术治疗玻璃体视网膜疾病效果肯定,能够改善视功能.     

手术与非手术治疗对外伤性黄斑裂孔愈合及视功能的影响

目的 观察手术与非手术治疗对外伤性黄斑裂孔愈合及视功能的影响.方法 回顾性分析眼球钝挫伤所致外伤性黄斑裂孔患者47例47只眼的临床资料.其中,男性38例,占80.9％;女性9例,占19.1％.平均年龄(29.6±10.2)岁.根据是否进行手术治疗将患者分为非手术治疗组和手术治疗组,分别为21、26只眼.两组间平均年龄(t=-2.21)、平均视力(Z=-2.72)、平均黄斑裂孔直径(t=-4.76)、合并眼后节损伤构成比(x2=5.46)比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).所有患者采用Humphrey OCT-2010型检查仪观察患眼黄斑裂孔情况;GVERIS4.2多焦视网膜电图(mfERG)检测仪观察患眼N1、P1波在中心凹和黄斑区的振幅密度和潜伏时.非手术治疗组给予药物保守治疗.手术治疗组行玻璃体切割、内界膜剥除联合14 ％C3F8气体内加压手术.治疗后随访12个月,采用治疗前相同的设备和方法行相关检查,观察两组患眼黄斑裂孔愈合、视力以及N1、P1波振幅密度、潜伏时改善情况.手术治疗组同时观察与治疗相关的并发症.结果 非手术治疗组21只眼中,黄斑裂孔自行愈合7只眼,占33.3％.平均视力0.27±0.20,与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.40,P＜0.05).mfERG检查结果,N1波中心凹、黄斑区振幅密度均较治疗前提高,差异有统计学意义(t=13.30、5.06,P＜0.05);潜伏时与治疗前比较,差异无统计学意义(t=1.68、2.07,P＞0.05).手术治疗组26只眼中,黄斑裂孔愈合18只眼,占69.2％.平均视力0.15±0.07,与手术前平均视力比较,差异无统计有意义(Z=-1.79,P＞0.05).mfERG检查结果,N1波黄斑区振幅密度较治疗前提高6只眼,治疗前后N1波黄斑区振幅密度比较,差异无统计学意义(t=1.98,P＞0.05);N1波黄斑区潜伏时较治疗前延长,差异有统计学意义(t=-7.30,P＜0.05).所有患眼均未发生视网膜脱离等与治疗相关的严重并发症.结论 直径较小的外伤性黄斑裂孔,非手术治疗后部分患眼能够自愈且视功能预后较好;玻璃体切割手术可以提高外伤性黄斑裂孔的愈合率,但视功能改善并不显著.     

内界膜翻转填塞治疗高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离的初步疗效分析

目的观察内界膜翻转填塞治疗高度近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的初步疗效。方法接受23G微创玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥除的高度近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的患者37例(38只眼)纳入研究。其中,成功施行玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥除及内界膜翻转填塞16只眼(内界膜填塞组),其余21例(22只眼)行常规玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥除手术(内界膜剥除组)。两组患者均行硅油填充。手术后随访时间3~6个月,平均随访时间4个月。对比分析两组患眼黄斑裂孔闭合率、最佳矫正视力(Log MAR视力)、视网膜复位情况。结果内界膜剥除组,术后3个月视网膜复位者20只眼占90.91%,黄斑裂孔闭合者7只眼占31.82%。内界膜填塞组,术后3个月视网膜复位者16只眼占100%,黄斑裂孔闭合者16只眼占100%;内界膜剥除组术眼Log MAR视力由术前的1.95±0.44增加到术后的1.57±0.46,内界膜填塞组由术前的1.98±0.39增加到术后的1.48±0.33。两组术后视网膜复位率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=7.06,P<0.05)。两组裂孔闭合率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=6.31,P<0.05)。内界膜剥除组及内界膜填塞组手术后Log MAR视力均较手术前明显提高,差异有统计学意义(t=4.02、4.43,P<0.05)。两组手术后Log MAR视力比较,差异无统计学意义(t=0.17,P>0.05)。结论高度近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离行内界膜反转填塞手术较单纯内界膜剥除,黄斑裂孔闭合率及视网膜复位率均高,但术后两组视力恢复无明显差异。     

玻璃体切割术治疗高度近视眼黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离疗效观察

目的探讨玻璃体切割术治疗黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的疗效。方法对41例(42只眼)高度近视眼黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离,行玻璃体切割术联合眼内光凝黄斑裂孔、12?F8填充术,术后面向下体位两周。结果42只眼黄斑裂孔闭合,视网膜复位,随诊1~4年,2只眼术后因合并周边裂孔再次发生局限性视网膜脱离,给予巩膜外垫压、冷凝术封闭周边裂孔后视网膜平复。其中34只眼术后视力不同程度的提高,8只眼视力保持不变。结论玻璃体切割联合眼内光凝黄斑裂孔、12?F8填充术是治疗高度近视眼黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离安全有效的方法。     

玻璃体切割联合后巩膜加固术治疗高度近视眼黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离

目的：探讨玻璃体切割联合后巩膜加固治疗高度近视眼黄斑裂孔伴视网膜脱离的方法与疗效。
　　方法：于2012-01/2013-12间收集高度近视性黄斑裂孔伴视网膜脱离患者45例45眼,分为玻璃体切割内界膜撕除联合后巩膜加固组( A组)28眼和玻璃体切割内界膜撕除组( B组)17眼。术前分别行视力、眼压、间接检眼镜、OCT检查,术后随访6~12mo,行视力、OCT检查,分别对视力、视网膜复位情况、黄斑裂孔闭合情况进行统计比较。
　　结果：(1)视力检查：术后视力：A 组1.19±0.39, B 组1.51±0.34,二者比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);(2)术后视网膜复位率：A组100%,B组88.24%,两者比较无统计学差异;(3)术后黄斑裂孔闭合率：A 组82%,B 组53%,两者比较有统计学差异(P<0.05)。
　　结论：玻璃体切割术联合后巩膜加固术治疗高度近视眼黄斑裂孔伴视网膜脱离的手术方法安全可行,可更好的改善视力,提高黄斑裂孔的闭合率。     

玻璃体切割术联合视网膜光凝或内界膜剥除术治疗黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离的疗效分析

目的 对比分析玻璃体切割术联合视网膜光凝或内界膜剥除术治疗黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析我院2008年1月至2010年12月收治的黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离患者64例(64眼)的临床资料,其中行玻璃体切割术联合视网膜光凝患者32例(联合光凝组),行玻璃体切割术联合内界膜剥除术患者32例(联合剥除组),术后随访6～24个月,观察两组患者随访末期视网膜复位情况、视力变化及并发症情况.结果 联合光凝组术后视网膜裂孔封闭、视网膜解剖复位率为59.4％,联合剥除组复位率为81.3％,差异有显著统计学意义(均为P＜0.01).2组术后视力均较术前明显提高,差异均有显著统计学意义(均为P ＜0.01),但联合剥除组术后视力恢复情况明显好于联合光凝组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).联合光凝组并发症主要有视网膜轻度出血、继发性青光眼等,联合剥除组为术中轻度视网膜损伤、术后一过性高眼压等.结论 玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥除术治疗黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离的临床疗效好于玻璃体切割联合视网膜光凝.     

Selective amplitude reduction of the PhNR after macular hole surgery: ganglion cell damage related to ICG-assisted ILM peeling and gas tamponade

PURPOSE: The photopic negative response (PhNR) is a negative component of the photopic electroretinogram (ERG) that is observed after the b-wave and is thought to originate mainly from the activity of ganglion cells and their axons. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are subclinical functional changes in the inner retina after macular hole surgery, by recording the PhNR before and after surgery. METHODS: In addition to the routine ophthalmic examinations, photopic ERGs were recorded in 16 eyes with an idiopathic macular hole, before and 3 months after surgery. Photopic ERGs were elicited by white Ganzfeld flashes on a rod-suppressing blue background. The amplitude of the PhNR and the a- and b-waves of the photopic ERGs before and after surgery were compared. PhNRs were also recorded in 14 eyes with epiretinal membrane, before and after surgery. RESULTS: Macular holes were closed and visual acuities were improved without any serious complications in all eyes with a macular hole. The amplitude of the PhNR was significantly reduced after surgery (P < 0.05), whereas the amplitude of the photopic a- and b-waves were not significantly altered. For eyes with an epiretinal membrane, the mean amplitude of the PhNR was slightly decreased after the surgery, but the degree of reduction was only one half of that after macular hole surgery. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that there are some functional impairments in the inner retina after macular hole surgery, even though the patients did not show any reduction on subjective visual tests. The PhNR can be a useful clinical test to assess the inner retinal function objectively, before and after vitreoretinal surgery.     

视网膜内界膜剥除术治疗特发性黄斑裂孔疗效探讨

目的 通过分析玻璃体切割联合视网膜内界膜剥除治疗特发性黄斑裂孔的手术效果,针对"内界膜剥除治疗特发性黄斑裂孔的不同观点"进行探讨.方法 黄斑裂孔患者71例71只眼,均施行玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥除,玻璃体内注气.随访12个月以上,观察不同分期裂孔的闭合率、视力以及mfERG的变化情况.结果 67只眼(94.37%)黄斑裂孔闭合,Ⅱ期裂孔两周内全部闭和,Ⅳ期裂孔两周闭和率仅为31.3%;71只IMH眼手术后1年视力提高59只眼,占83.10%,视力不变7眼,占9.86%,视力减退5眼,占7.04%.手术前、后视力高于0.1者分别为35只眼(49.26%)、65只眼(91.55%),经x2检验差异有统计学意义;一年后,Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期裂孔视力0.5以上者分别为81.25%、15.38%、0.经统计学分析,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期术后视力提高率分别为93.6%、84.6%和62.5%.并且,手术后1年mfERG一阶函数的1环和2环P1波反应密度不断增加,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而3、4、5环P1波反应密度与手术前比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 玻璃体切割联合视网膜内界膜剥除治疗特发性黄斑裂孔是非常有效的方法,但需要熟练掌握手术操作技术和技巧,把术后并发症控制在最低限度.

Abstract：

Objective To estimate the therapeutic effect of vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling in the treatment of idiopathic macular hole,to approach the different viewpoint about the vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane(ILM)peeling in the treatment of idiopathic macular hole.Methods In 71 eyes of 71 cases underwent vitrectomy with ILM peeling for idiopathic macular hole were analyzed retrospectively,air-fluid exchanged and C3F8 tamponaded.The follow-up after the surgery was 12 months.The best corrected visual acuity,mfERG and the rate of concrescence were observed.Results Anatomic closure of the macular hole was achieved in 67(94.37%)patients,59(83.10%)patients achieved a better final visual acuity.Preoperatively,the best corrected visual acuity above 0.1 was 35(49.26%)patients.Postoperatively,the best corrected visual acuity above 0.1 was 65(91.55%)patients(P ＜0.05).After a year,the best corrected visual acuity above 0.5 for 2,3,4 stage of macular hole were 81.25%,15.38%,0,respectively.Amplitude of wave P1 of ring 1 and ring 2 by mfERG was significantly increased in postoperatively than that in preoperatively(P＜0.05).There was no significantly difference for P1 of ring 3,ring 4 and ring 5 between postoperatively and preoperatively(P ＞0.05).Conclusions Parsplana vitrectomy with ILM peeling is an effective method to treat macular hole.But the risks should be treated carefully.     

Variables That Influence Visual Acuity After Macular Hole Surgery

Purpose: To evaluate the variables that influence visual acuity and visual improvement after macular hole surgery.Methods: Our study included 421 eyes in which macular holes were successfully closed after surgery and followed up at least 1 year after the last surgery. Surgical techniques were conventional methods (Group 1: 350 eyes) with retinal pigment scalping of the macular hole basis added in the refractory cases (Group 2: 71 eyes). The variables used for the multiple regression were gender, age, preoperative visual acuity, hole stage, duration of symptoms, hole size, and axial length.Results: The variables that most influenced postoperative visual acuity were as follows: Group 1: gender (r = -0.011, P =.016), age (r = -0.17, P =.005), preoperative visual acuity (r = 0.51, P <.0001), duration of symptoms (r = -0.015, P <.0001), and axial length (r = -0.090, P =.045). Group 2: age (r = -0.18, P =.047), and preoperative visual acuity (r = 0.47, P <.0001).Conclusions: The variables that influenced visual acuity and visual improvement after macular hole surgery were common. In Group 1: gender, age, preoperative visual acuity, duration of symptoms, and axial length; in Group 2: age and preoperative visual acuity.     

特发性黄斑裂孔手术前后的视力、多焦视网膜电图及光相干断层扫描的变化分析

目的 观察并分析特发性黄斑裂孔（IMH）患者手术前后的视力、多焦视网膜电图（mfERG）及光相干断层扫描（OCT）的变化特征，评估黄斑裂孔手术 疗效。 方法 收集2001年2月～2002年5月在我院行玻璃体切割术治疗IMH 的患者28例（28只眼），分别在手术前和手术后1、3、6、12个月时，对患者行视力、mfERG及OCT检查，并与正常对照组（33只眼）进行比较，对结果进行统计分析。 结果 （1）OCT显示手术后1个月内27只眼（96.43%）黄斑裂孔完全闭合，1年内无复发，1只眼（3.57%）1年内黄斑裂孔始终未闭合。（2）IMH眼手术后1年视力较手术前明显提高（P＜0.01），视力恢复主要在手术后6个月内。（3）IMH眼手术前mfERG一阶函数的1环和2环P1波反应密度明显降低，典型三维地形图呈火山口样改变。手术后1年mfERG一阶函数的1环和2环P1波反应密度不断增加，持续到1年以后，三维地形图表现为中央峰逐渐恢复。手术后12个月时，1环和2环P1波反应密度较手术前明显增加（P＜0.05），但仍然低于正常对照组（P＜0.05）；而3、4、5环P1波反应密度始终未受明显影响（P＞0.05）。（4）27只眼手术后黄斑裂孔完全闭合后，经OCT测量的黄斑中心凹的视网膜神经上皮层（FRNEL）厚度在手术后1～12个月维持不变，且始终低于正常对照组（P＜0.01）。（5）IMH眼手术后12个月时，视力、mfERG一阶函数1环和2环的P1波反应密度、FRNEL之间均呈正相关关系（P＜0.05）。 结论 玻璃体切割术是治疗IMH的有效 方法，视力、mfERG及OCT可以很好地评估黄斑裂孔的手术疗效，且三者间总体上具有一致性 。 （中华眼底病杂志，2004，20：221-225）     

Macular hole surgery in conjunction with endolaser photocoagulation

PURPOSE: To determine whether endolaser photocoagulation to the retinal pigment epithelium at the base of a macular hole increases the anatomic success rate of surgery. METHODS: In a prospective consecutive clinical trial, eight eyes of seven patients with idiopathic macular hole underwent vitrectomy with posterior cortical vitreous removal and peeling of visible epiretinal membrane when present. A single shot of argon endolaser photocoagulation was applied to the retinal pigment epithelium at the center of the macular hole with a duration of 0.05 to 0.2 seconds and an intensity of 50 to 200 mW. After fluid-gas exchange was performed with 14% perfluoropropane gas, patients maintained face-down positioning for 2 weeks. RESULTS: One eye with stage 2 macular hole, six eyes with stage 3 macular hole, and one eye with stage 4 macular hole were included. All eight eyes had a closed macular hole (100% anatomic success rate) at final examination 6 to 12 months after surgery. Best-corrected visual acuity improved 3 or more lines on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study visual acuity chart in all eyes. Four (50%) of the eight eyes had a final visual acuity of 20/40 or better. CONCLUSIONS: Endolaser photocoagulation may be a useful adjunct to macular hole surgery but requires further investigation and long-term evaluation.     

黄斑前膜手术治疗后的长期随诊观察

目的 观察黄斑前膜手术治疗后的长期效果，评价视力预后与黄斑水肿的关系。 方法 回顾分析22例经玻璃体切割手术剥离黄斑前膜手术治疗并随诊1年以上的黄斑前膜患者22只眼的临床资料。其中，特发性黄斑前膜17只眼，占77%；继发性黄斑前膜5只眼，占23% 。所有患眼治疗前后均进行视力、眼底彩色照相、荧光素眼底血管造影( FFA)以及光相干断层扫描(OCT)检查。视力采用5分记录，FFA、OCT检查按常规方法进行。治疗前手术眼平均视力为(4.25±0.36)，黄斑平均厚度为(499±114) μm；对侧眼视力正常，黄斑平均厚度(1 84±37) μm。黄斑前膜均经手术成功剥除，手术后随访 12～40个月，平均随访时间(23±8)个月。回顾分析时，采用线性回归分析的方法，着重对 比分析手术前后视力、眼底彩色照相、FFA以及OCT检查结果的相关关系以及手术并发症的发生情况。 结果 13只眼视力提高，占59％；6只眼视力不变，占27%；3只眼视力减退，占14％。平均视力提高到(4.57±0.31)，与治疗前视力比较，差异有统计学意义(t=3.40，P＜0.05)。末次随访视力≥4.5者15只眼，占66%。黄斑平均厚度降低 到(286±104) μm，与治疗前黄斑平均厚度比较，差异有统计学意义(t=8.33，P＜0.05)。但仍未恢复到对侧眼水平（t=4.68，P＜0.05）。排除手术后白内障加重未行手术治疗的患眼， 手术前后视力与黄斑水肿程度呈线性相关( r=-0.64, P=0.001；r=-0.58, P=0.01)。6只眼手术中剥膜后黄斑区少量点状出血，占27%；2只眼手术中视网膜周边发生裂孔，占9%。 5只眼手术后继发高眼压 ，占23%；1只眼出现黄斑裂孔，占5%；8只眼白内障加重，占36%。 结论 经玻璃体切割手术剥离黄斑前膜可以减轻黄斑水肿，提高视力，是治疗黄斑前膜的有效方法。 （中华眼底病杂志，2008，24：206-209）     

光学相干断层成像术观察超声乳化白内障吸除术后黄斑变化

目的　探讨超声乳化白内障吸除术后黄斑形态的变化及其可能的影响因素。方法　对行超声乳化白内障吸除术 ,且术前无合并症、术中无并发症发生的单纯老年性白内障患者 80例 (80只眼 )于术前和术后 1周分别行光学相干断层成像术 (opticalcoherencetomography ,OCT)检查 ;按术中使用的超声能量高低分成 2个组。观察黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度的变化及其与术中超声能量、术后前房炎性反应和视力的关系。结果　 80只眼黄斑中心凹视网膜平均厚度术前为 (14 2 9± 16 7) μm ,术后为 (15 7 9± 36 7) μm ,两者比较差异无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 )。术后 3只眼出现黄斑水肿 ,11只眼出现房水中度闪光 ,黄斑中心凹视网膜平均厚度术前为 (139 9± 11 3) μm ,术后为 (197 6± 36 9) μm ,两者比较差异有显著意义 (t =2 75 1,P <0 0 5 )。低能量组术后黄斑中心凹视网膜平均厚度为 (15 6 2± 18 3) μm ,高能量组为 (172 6± 32 9) μm ,两者比较差异有显著意义 (t=2 4 11,P <0 0 5 )。术后最佳矫正视力与黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度呈负相关性 (r=- 0 82 ,P <0 0 5 )。结论　超声乳化白内障吸除术可导致术眼黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度增加及黄斑水肿 ;术中高超声能量可明显影响术后黄斑中心凹视网膜的形态 ;术后黄斑中心     

Multifocal ERG changes before and after macular hole surgery

To evaluate the visual function of 15 eyes suffering from macular hole the multifocal ERG was used pre and postoperatively. In all the cases a successful vitrectomy has been done with macular hole closure in all the eyes. The Multifocal ERG shows an improvement of retinal response density in regions 1 and 2, even in the 2 eyes with unchanged visual acuity postoperatively. Although a relationship exist between the postoperative retinal response density and the visual acuity, the retinal response density varies between eyes with the same visual acuity.     

Long-term outcomes of macular hole surgery with triamcinolone acetonide-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling

PURPOSE: To report long-term anatomical and functional results after pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling using triamcinolone acetonide (TA) for idiopathic macular holes. DESIGN: Prospective, consecutive, interventional case series. METHODS: Ninety-six eyes of 94 patients who underwent macular hole surgery with TA-assisted ILM peeling were included in the study. Patients with <12 months of follow-up were excluded. On 82 phakic eyes, simultaneous phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation was performed. Follow-up examinations included clinical examination, determination of best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure measurement, optical coherence tomography, Goldmann perimetry, and static perimetry using the Humphrey visual field analyzer. The main outcome measures were postoperative visual acuity, macular hole status, and postoperative complications. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 17 months (range, 12-30 months). TA improved visualization of the ILM, and the peeled area was seen as an area lacking white specks. All macular holes successfully closed after primary surgery. Mean visual acuity improved from 0.26 to 1.0 at the final visit (P < 0.0001), with 90 eyes (94%) having improvement of visual acuity. Postoperative complications included retinal detachment in one patient and transient intraocular pressure elevation in five patients. CONCLUSIONS: Although transient intraocular pressure elevation was observed in a few patients, the use of TA in macular hole surgery may be an effective and safe technique to facilitate visualization of the ILM and can lead to good long-term anatomical and functional results.