大鼠异体神经移植后再生神经的荧光逆行标记

用Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠作为实验模型，切除１ｃｍ坐骨神经，再用同系Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠坐骨神经行异体桥接，修复坐骨神经的缺损。用Ｆｌｕｏｒｏ－Ｇｏｌｄ或Ｆａｓｔ Ｂｌｕｅ两种荧光标记物，进行示踪检验，证实Ｗｉｓｔａｒ鼠异体神经桥接能修复周围神经的缺损。     

THE TRAINING PROBLEM OF THE NURSING STAFF IN ICU OF OUR COUNTRY

ＴＨＥＴＲＡＩＮＩＮＧＰＲＯＢＬＥＭＯＦＴＨＥＮＵＲＳＩＮＧＳＴＡＦＦＩＮＩＣＵＯＦＯＵＲＣＯＵＮＴＲＹＴＨＥＴＲＡＩＮＩＮＧＰＲＯＢＬＥＭＯＦＴＨＥＮＵＲＳＩＮＧＳＴＡＦＦＩＮＩＣＵＯＦＯＵＲＣＯＵＮＴＲＹＪｕａｎＤｕ；ＤｏｎｇｓｈｅｎｇＴａｎｇ（...     

DIAGNOSING UMBILICAL CORD AROUND NECK BY COLOR DOPPLER FLOW IMAGE

ＤＩＡＧＮＯＳＩＮＧＵＭＢＩＬＩＣＡＬＣＯＲＤＡＲＯＵＮＤＮＥＣＫＢＹＣＯＬＯＲＤＯＰＰＬＥＲＦＬＯＷＩＭＡＧＥＤＩＡＧＮＯＳＩＮＧＵＭＢＩＬＩＣＡＬＣＯＲＤＡＲＯＵＮＤＮＥＣＫＢＹＣＯＬＯＲＤＯＰＰＬＥＲＦＬＯＷＩＭＡＧＥＹａｎｇＹｉ；ＷｅｉＲｏｎ...     

CLINICAL USE OF BIOLOGICAL HEMOSTATIC GLUE IN NEUROSURGERY

ＣＬＩＮＩＣＡＬＵＳＥＯＦＢＩＯＬＯＧＩＣＡＬＨＥＭＯＳＴＡＴＩＣＧＬＵＥＩＮＮＥＵＲＯＳＵＲＧＥＲＹＣＬＩＮＩＣＡＬＵＳＥＯＦＢＩＯＬＯＧＩＣＡＬＨＥＭＯＳＴＡＴＩＣＧＬＵＥＩＮＮＥＵＲＯＳＵＲＧＥＲＹＬｉＺｈａｏ－ｊｉｅ；ＬｉｎＺｈｉ－ｉｕｎ；Ｌ...     

BIOLOGIC HEMOSTATIC GLUE IN GENERAL SURGERY

ＢＩＯＬＯＧＩＣＨＥＭＯＳＴＡＴＩＣＧＬＵＥＩＮＧＥＮＥＲＡＬＳＵＲＧＥＲＹＢＩＯＬＯＧＩＣＨＥＭＯＳＴＡＴＩＣＧＬＵＥＩＮＧＥＮＥＲＡＬＳＵＲＧＥＲＹＨｕＹｉ－ｚｅ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＳｕｒｇｅｒｙ，ＳｅｃｏｎｄＡｆｆｉｌｉａｔｅｄＨｏｓｐｉ...     

异体神经移植后再生神经的荧光逆行标记

本文用WI ST AR大鼠作为实验模型,切除1cm坐骨神经,再用同系WI ST AR大鼠坐骨神经行异体桥接,修复坐骨神经的缺损。用FLURO—GO LD(F、G)或FAST、BLUE(F、B)两种荧光标记物,进行示踪检验,证实WISTAR鼠异体神经桥接能修复周围神经的缺损。     

USE OF THE DISCRETE PSEUDO—WIGNER DISTRIBUTION FOR FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF THE FIRST AND THE SECOND HEART SOUNDS IN NORMAL MAN

ＵＳＥＯＦＴＨＥＤＩＳＣＲＥＴＥＰＳＥＵＤＯ—ＷＩＧＮＥＲＤＩＳＴＲＩＢＵＴＩＯＮＦＯＲＦＲＥＱＵＥＮＣＹＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳＯＦＴＨＥＦＩＲＳＴＡＮＤＴＨＥＳＥＣＯＮＤＨＥＡＲＴＳＯＵＮＤＳＩＮＮＯＲＭＡＬＭＡＮＵＳＥＯＦＴＨＥＤＩＳＣＲＥＴＥＰＳＥＵ...     

TREATMENT OF FULMINANT LIVER FAILURE WISTAR RATS WITH IMPLANTED ARTIFICIAL CELLS MICROENCAPSULATED LIVING HEPATOCYTES

ＴＲＥＡＴＭＥＮＴＯＦＦＵＬＭＩＮＡＮＴＬＩＶＥＲＦＡＩＬＵＲＥＷＩＳＴＡＲＲＡＴＳＷＩＴＨＩＭＰＬＡＮＴＥＤＡＲＴＩＦＩＣＩＡＬＣＥＬＬＳＭＩＣＲＯＥＮＣＡＰＳＵＬＡＴＥＤＬＩＶＩＮＧＨＥＰＡＴＯＣＹＴＥＳＳｏｎｇＪｉｃｈａｎｇ，ＬｉＴａｏ，ＸｕＪ...     

A GLUCOSE SUPPORTER FOR MICORSURGERY AND ITSEXPERIMENTAL STUDY

ＡＧＬＵＣＯＳＥＳＵＰＰＯＲＴＥＲＦＯＲＭＩＣＯＲＳＵＲＧＥＲＹＡＮＤＩＴＳＥＸＰＥＲＩＭＥＮＴＡＬＳＴＵＤＹＡＧＬＵＣＯＳＥＳＵＰＰＯＲＴＥＲＦＯＲＭＩＣＯＲＳＵＲＧＥＲＹＡＮＤＩＴＳＥＸＰＥＲＩＭＥＮＴＡＬＳＴＵＤＹＺｈｕＨｏｎｇｋｕｉ；ＬｉＹｏ...     

THE STATUS AND TREND OF LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERYIN CHINA

ＴＨＥＳＴＡＴＵＳＡＮＤＴＲＥＮＤＯＦＬＡＰＡＲＯＳＣＯＰＩＣＳＵＲＧＥＲＹＩＮＣＨＩＮＡＴＨＥＳＴＡＴＵＳＡＮＤＴＲＥＮＤＯＦＬＡＰＡＲＯＳＣＯＰＩＣＳＵＲＧＥＲＹＩＮＣＨＩＮＡＧａｏＹｉ；ＹａｎｇＪｉ－Ｚｈｅｎ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＳｕｒｇｅ...     

荧光标记法对骨骼肌桥接周围神经缺损的评价

本文用 Fluoro—gold 和 Fast Blue 两种荧光标记物,以 wistar 大鼠作为实验模型,切除6mm 坐骨神经,用骨骼肌修复神经缺损,用荧光示踪法进行检验,证明该技术是研究神经再生效果敏感可靠的检测指标.进一步证实了肌桥修复周围神经的连续性.     

成人和大鼠阴茎包皮及包皮系带内降钙素基因相关肽免疫阳性神经末梢的分布及来源

目的探讨人和大鼠阴茎包皮和包皮系带内降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）免疫阳性神经末梢的分布和起源。方法采用免疫组织化学法观察成人阴茎包皮和包皮系带内CGRP免疫阳性神经末梢的分布,通过荧光金（FG）逆行标记和CGRP免疫荧光标记相结合法研究大鼠包皮系带内CGRP免疫阳性神经末梢的起源。结果成人阴茎包皮及包皮系带内均有CGRP免疫阳性神经末梢存在,主要位于表皮基底层和棘细胞层内,呈树枝状或念珠状分布,大多成束走行。阴茎系带处CGRP免疫阳性神经末梢的分布密度明显大于阴茎包皮处。大鼠的阴茎包皮和包皮系带内也有类似的CGRP免疫阳性神经末梢分布,结合FG逆行标记法研究发现,神经末梢起源于第6腰髓对应的背根神经节（L6-DRG）和第1骶髓对应的背根神经节（S1-DRG）的神经元。CGRP免疫荧光标记细胞大多为中小型,呈深绿色,沿神经束成行排列或散在分布。FG／CGRP双标阳性细胞均为中小型,其数量占FG逆标阳性细胞总数的二分之一。结论人和大鼠阴茎包皮及包皮系带内存在着大量的CGRP免疫阳性神经末梢;大鼠实验表明,这些末梢来源于L6-DRG和S1-DRG,提示CGRP可能参与阴茎包皮及包皮系带感觉信息的传递。     

Development and evaluation of silk fibroin-based nerve grafts used for peripheral nerve regeneration

Silk fibroin (SF), derived from natural silk long used as a textile material, has recently become an important biomaterial for tissue engineering applications. We have previously reported on good in vitro biocompatibility of SF fibers with peripheral nerve tissues and cells. In the present study, we developed a novel biomimetic design of the SF-based nerve graft (SF graft) which was composed of a SF-nerve guidance conduit (NGC) inserted with oriented SF filaments. The SF-NGC prepared via well-established procedures exhibits an eggshell-like microstructure that is responsible for its superior mechanical and permeable properties beneficial to nerve regeneration. The SF graft was used for bridge implantation across a 10-mm long sciatic nerve defect in rats, and the outcome of peripheral nerve repair at 6 months post-implantation was evaluated by a combination of electrophysiological assessment, FluoroGold retrograde tracing and histological investigation. The examined functional and morphological parameters show that SF grafts could promote peripheral nerve regeneration with effects approaching those elicited by nerve autografts which are generally considered as the gold standard for treating large peripheral nerve defects, thus raising a potential possibility of using these newly developed nerve grafts as a promising alternative to nerve autografts.     

Photoconversion of fluorescent retrograde tracers.

Photoconversion of fluorescent dyes, retrogradely transported through axons to their parent cell bodies, into a stable diaminobenzidine (DAB) reaction product was tested in the nigrostriatal and thalamocortical systems of rats. Satisfactory results were obtained with Propidium Iodide (PI), Fluoro-Gold (FG), Fast Blue (FB), Diamidino Yellow (DY), and rhodamine-labeled latex microspheres (RLM); some photoconversion was also observed in Evans Blue (EB)-labeled neurons. The red fluorescent tracers PI, EB and RLM were photoconverted under the excitation wavelength appropriate for eliciting their fluorescent emission. With the yellow or blue fluorescent tracers FG, FB, and DY satisfactory results could instead be obtained using an excitation wavelength which did not elicit visible fluorescent emission. This finding indicates that the latter is not a critical factor for obtaining photoconversion. The features and subcellular localization of photoconverted DAB were different from those of the fluorescent labeling: photoconversion resulted in the appearance of brown granules of DAB reaction products in the cytoplasm, independently from the occurrence of fluorescent labeling in the neuronal cytoplasm or nucleus. Photoconversion may enable new applications of fluorescent retrograde tracing and, in particular, its electron microscopic visualization.     

胎儿神经加自体雪旺氏细胞桥接周围神经缺损的实验研究

目的 探讨自体雪旺氏细胞植入胎儿神经后修复周围神经缺损的效果,寻找替代自体神经移植的材料。方法 用Wistar大鼠80只切断左侧大腿坐骨神经,造成15mm缺损,分别用自体神经(A组),液氮冷冻胎儿神经(B组),液氮冷冻胎儿神经加自体雪旺氏细胞粗制品(C组)进行桥接。于术后4、12、24周取桥体、桥体远端坐骨神经,分别行电镜、光镜观察、图像分析和电生理检测,所得数据经单因素方差分析和q检验。结果 A组和C组间有髓纤维数目、无髓纤维数目、复合动作电位峰值恢复率、传导速度恢复率均无显著差异,两组神经再生效果相近,而B组的再生效果则不及A、C两组;B组与A组,B组与C组分别作两两比较,部分指标存在显著差异(P<0.01)。结论 作者认为植入自体雪旺氏细胞的胎儿神经桥接周围神经缺损优于单纯胎儿神经桥接,是一种良好的替代自体神经的桥接物,有进一步研究价值和临床应用前景。     

Survival and regeneration of cutaneous and muscular afferent neurons after peripheral nerve injury in adult rats

Peripheral nerve injury induces the retrograde degeneration of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells, which affects predominantly the small-diameter cutaneous afferent neurons. This study compares the time-course of retrograde cell death in cutaneous and muscular DRG cells after peripheral nerve transection as well as neuronal survival and axonal regeneration after primary repair or nerve grafting. For comparison, spinal motoneurons were also included in the study. Sural and medial gastrocnemius DRG neurons were retrogradely labeled with the fluorescent tracers Fast Blue (FB) or Fluoro-Gold (FG) from the homonymous transected nerves. Survival of labeled sural and gastrocnemius DRG cells was assessed at 3 days and 1–24 weeks after axotomy. To evaluate axonal regeneration, the sciatic nerve was transected proximally at 1 week after FB-labeling of the sural and medial gastrocnemius nerves and immediately reconstructed using primary repair or autologous nerve grafting. Twelve weeks later, the fluorescent tracer Fluoro-Ruby (FR) was applied 10 mm distal to the sciatic lesion in order to double-label sural and gastrocnemius neurons that had regenerated across the repair site. Counts of labeled gastrocnemius DRG neurons did not reveal any significant retrograde cell death after nerve transection. In contrast, sural axotomy induced a delayed loss of sural DRG cells, which amounted to 22% at 4 weeks and 43–48% at 8–24 weeks postoperatively. Proximal transection of the sciatic nerve at 1 week after injury to the sural or gastrocnemius nerves neither further increased retrograde DRG degeneration, nor did it affect survival of sural or gastrocnemius motoneurons. Primary repair or peripheral nerve grafting supported regeneration of 53–60% of the spinal motoneurons and 47–49% of the muscular DRG neurons at 13 weeks postoperatively. In the cutaneous DRG neurons, primary repair or peripheral nerve grafting increased survival by 19–30% and promoted regeneration of 46–66% of the cells. The present results suggest that cutaneous DRG neurons are more sensitive to peripheral nerve injury than muscular DRG cells, but that their regenerative capacity does not differ from that of the latter cells. However, the retrograde loss of cutaneous DRG cells taking place despite immediate nerve repair would still limit the recovery of cutaneous sensory functions.     

Quantitative analysis of the sympathetic innervation of the rat knee joint

Retrograde tracing with Fluoro-Gold (FG) was used to identify the complete population of knee joint sympathetic postganglionic efferents in the lumbar sympathetic chain of adult female Wistar rats. In 6 rats, the total number and distribution of FG-labelled neurons in the lumbar sympathetic chain was determined. The rat knee joint is supplied by an average of 187±57 sympathetic afferents with the majority at the L3 and L4 levels. Immunohistochemistry using antibodies specific for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), somatostatin (SS) or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) revealed that 33% of knee joint sympathetic afferents contained TH, 42% contained VIP, and none contained somatostatin. Retrograde tracing with FG provided accurate and reproducible labelling of the joint-innervating subpopulation of sympathetic efferent neurons. This model lends itself to the further study of the molecular responses of this neuronal population in the various disorders and conditions affecting joints.     

8周游泳运动对2型糖尿病大鼠周围神经病变的影响

 目的： 探讨长期游泳运动对2型糖尿病大鼠周围神经病变的影响及可能机制。方法: 雄性Wistar大鼠高糖高脂饲料喂养联合链脲佐菌素注射制备成T2DM大鼠模型后,随机分为空白对照组（C组）、单纯运动组（CE组）、糖尿病对照组（DM组）和糖尿病运动组（DME组）。CE组和DME组进行8周游泳训练（6 d/week）,第1周前3 d练习时间分别为20、30和45 min,第4天起每天持续游泳60 min。运动8周后测定各组大鼠坐骨神经的传导速度（MNCV）,以及该组织中肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素6（IL-6）、C反应蛋白（CRP）的含量,观察其形态结构。结果: 实验末,与DM组相比,DME组的MNCV明显提高（P<0.05）,坐骨神经组织中TNF-α、IL-6和CRP水平均有所降低,但差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。DM组坐骨神经光镜下可见明显的损伤,经运动干预后病变程度减轻。结论: 8周游泳运动可提高MNCV,减轻DM造成的神经损伤,对周围神经起保护作用,其机制可能与减轻炎症反应有关。