胞磷胆碱钠氯化钠注射液细菌内毒素检查法

目的:确立胞磷胆碱钠氯化钠注射液细菌内毒素检查方法.方法:参照中国药典2000年版二部细菌内毒素检查法要求进行试验.结果:该药稀释2倍后不干扰内毒素试验.结论:该药可采用细菌内毒素检查法代替热原检查法.     

盐酸利多卡因注射液细菌内毒素检查法的建立

为建立盐酸利多卡因注射液细菌内毒素检查法,笔者参照《中国药典》2005年版细菌内毒素检查法进行试验,结果该药在稀释4倍（5mg.mL^-1）后对细菌内毒素无干扰作用。该药可采用细菌内毒素检查法控制药品质量。     

注射用吡柔比星细菌内毒素检查法

目的确立注射用吡柔比星细菌内毒素检查方法.方法参照中国药典2000年版二部细菌内毒素检查法要求进行试验.结果该药在0.5 mg·ml-1浓度下不干扰内毒素试验.结论该药采用内毒素检查法代替热原检查法,方法可行.     

苦参碱葡萄糖注射液细菌内毒素检查法的建立

目的:确立苦参碱葡萄糖注射液细茼内毒素检查方法.方法:参照<中华人民共和国药典>2000年版二部附录XIE细菌毒素检查法要求进行试验.结果:该药在稀释2倍后不干扰细菌内毒素试验.结论:该药采用细菌内毒素检查法代替热原检查法,方法可行.     

注射用头孢孟多酯钠细菌内毒素检查法的建立

为建立注射用头孢孟多酯钠细菌内毒素检查法;参照《中国药典》2005年版细菌内毒素检查法进行试验;该药液浓度在4mg·mL-1以上对细菌内毒素和鲎试剂的反应有干扰作用,通过该药稀释至2mg.mL-1及以下时可消除干扰,说明该药可采用细菌内毒素检查法控制药品质量。     

注射用顺铂细菌内毒素检查方法的研究

目的:确立注射用顺铂细菌内毒素检查法。方法:参照 中国药典 2 0 0 0年版二部细菌内毒素检查法要求进行试验。结果:该药在 0 12 5mg·ml-1的浓度下不干扰内毒素试验。结论:该药采用细菌内毒素检查法,方法可行     

氟康唑注射液细菌内毒素检查法

目的：确立氟康唑注射液细菌内毒素检查方法。方法：参照中国药典2000年版二部细菌内毒素检查法要求进行试验。结果：该药在稀释4倍后不干扰内毒素试验。结论：该药采用内毒素检查法代替热原检查法，方法可行。     

盐酸氨溴索氯化钠注射液细菌内毒素检查法的建立

目的：确立盐酸氨溴索氯化钠注射液细菌内毒素检查方法。方法：参照中国药典2000年版二部细菌内毒素检查法要求进行试验结果：该药在稀释2倍后不干扰内毒素试验。结论：该药采用内毒素检查法代替热原检查法，方法可行。     

硝酸异山梨酯葡萄糖注射液细菌内毒素检查法的探讨

目的建立硝酸异山梨酯葡萄糖注射液细菌内毒素的检查方法。方法参照中国药典2005年版二部附录ⅪE细菌内毒素检查法要求进行试验。结果该药在稀释3倍后不干扰细菌内毒素试验。结论采用细菌内毒素检查法代替热原检查法,方法可行。     

藻酸双酯钠注射液细菌内毒素检测

目的:建立藻酸双酯钠注射液的细菌内毒素检查法。方法:参照中国药典2000年版二部细菌内毒素检查法要求进行试验。结果:该药在 0.125g·L~(-1)下无干扰作用。结论:该药采用内毒素检查法进行检查是可行的。     

对临床试验中显著性检验、区间检验及置信区间检验之间关系一致性的认识

显著性检验是最基本的统计假设检验,它的基本思想是小概率原理;区间检验是传统显著性检验的延伸,它用来检验两个总体的差异是否在某范围之内;置信区间检验是先找到药物疗效差值的置信区间,通过置信区间下限或(和)上限与界值的关系来判断两种药物非劣效、等效、优效的关系。通过公式推导发现,区间检验与显著性检验的主要区别是前者的假设中包含了有临床意义的界值△,而区间检验和置信区间检验是一致的,可以用置信区间检验实现区间检验的目的。     

谈谈两总体比较的非参数检验方法

针对不同的数据类型,探讨选用不同的非参数检验方法,并通过实例说明这些非参数检验方法的应用。     

A Comparison of Two-Sample Tests of Significance When Used With Variable Treatment Effects

This article compares the performance of many two-sample tests of significance that might be used to test the equality of means when the effect of the treatment is variable. Of the 19 tests that were compared, the normal scores test is recommended for general use in testing the null hypothesis of no treatment effect against the alternative that the distributions are stochastically ordered when the ratio of the larger standard deviation to the smaller standard deviation does not exceed 1.3. The Baumgartner-Weiß-Schindler tests and an adaptive test also have higher power than the pooled t-test, the unequal variance t-test, and the rank-sum test for many distributions. In the simulation studies, data in the first sample are generated from nine distributions, including long-tailed and skewed distributions. Data in the second sample are generated by adding a random treatment effect to a random variable that was generated from the same distribution that was used in the first sample. Because we restricted our power studies to treatment effects that are positive or zero, the population distributions will be stochastically ordered. The results of these studies demonstrate that the normal scores test is often more powerful than the t-tests and the rank-sum test. If the ratio of the standard deviations does exceed 1.3, then one of the t-tests is recommended.     

Testing equality of proportions for correlated binary data in ophthalmologic studies

In ophthalmologic studies, bilateral correlated data often arise when information involving paired organs (e.g., eyes) are measured from each subject. Adjusted chi-square approach for testing the equality of proportions has been proposed in the literature. In this article, we investigate and derive three alter- native testing procedures for the problem. Our simulation results show the score testing procedure usually produces satisfactory type I error control with higher power, and therefore is recommended. Examples from ophthalmologic studies are used to illustrate our proposed methods.     

中国药品上市后抽验模式现状及问题

目的在综合分析中国药品上市后抽验模式现状及问题的基础上,提出药品上市后抽验的建议。方法通过文献研究的方法,发现中国药品上市后抽验模式中存在的问题,并提出相关建议。结果与结论在药品抽验中引入以风险为基础的抽验模式,将药品上市后抽验结果与药品监管相衔接。     

Mutagenicity testing of quinine with submammalian and mammalian systems

Quinine hydrochloride was assayed for genotoxic activity by using 4 different test systems with distinct genetic endpoints. No indications for point mutations were observed in the Ames system. In 3 cytogenetic tests performed on small rodents, Chinese hamsters showed no genotoxic activity, while inbred strains of mice revealed a dose dependent increase of SCEs, enhanced incidence of micronuclei and elevated chromatid breaks.     

刹毒草口服液的药理作用研究

目的:研究刹毒草口服液对小鼠的药理作用。方法:用小鼠分别进行爬杆实验、炭粒廓清实验、耳肿胀实验和墨汁推进实验,观察刹毒草口服液对小鼠的抗疲劳作用、非特异性免疫功能的影响、抗炎作用和抗腹泻作用。结果:刹毒草口服液能显著延长小鼠爬杆时间,有较好的抗疲劳作用;高剂量刹毒草口服液能显著提高小鼠对惰性炭粒的吞噬指数及吞噬活性,可提高小鼠免疫功能;刹毒草口服液3个剂量组均对二甲苯致小鼠耳炎症有较好的抑制作用,且能显著降低墨汁推进的速率,有较好的抗腹泻作用。结论:刹毒草口服液具有一定抗疲劳、抗炎、提高非特异性免疫功能和抗腹泻作用。     

Simultaneous Test for Superiority and Noninferiority Hypotheses in Active-Controlled Clinical Trials∗

The primary objective of the dose-escalation trial for NGX267 was to estimate the maximally tolerated dose (MTD) and to gather detailed clinical and pharmacokinetic observations near the MTD. The MTD was defined based on the weighted average of moderate and severe adverse events. An adaptive design was employed to concentrate dosage assignments at or near the MTD. Favoring the acquisition of data near the MTD, at the expense of information at lower dosage levels, resulted in a shorter trial and no loss of the type of information required to inform subsequent studies where larger normal volunteer or patient samples are evaluated.     

梅毒螺旋体的检测结果分析

目的：分析梅毒螺旋体感染的检测结果，提醒临床目前对该病防治的重要性。方法：梅毒筛选试验采用Trust法，确证试验采用TPPA法，严格按照试剂盒内所附说明书进行操作。结果：梅素筛选试验阳性率27．7％，梅毒确证试验阳性率40．2％。结论：梅毒螺旋体的感染已较为普通，目前对该病的防治已不容忽视。     

氢溴酸山莨菪碱注射液细菌内毒素检查法的建立

目的:建立氢溴酸山莨菪碱注射液的细菌内毒素检查方法。方法:按《中国药典》2010年版(二部)附录相关方法确定本品细菌内毒素限值,分别进行细菌内毒素检查凝胶法和动态浊度法的干扰试验。结果:凝胶法结果表明,样品稀释2倍(5 mg/ml)时对试验无干扰作用;动态浊度法结果表明,本品稀释2倍(5 mg/ml)时外加内毒素的回收率在50%²00%之间。每1 mg氢溴酸山莨菪碱中含内毒素应小于0.35 EU。结论 :本文初步建立的氢溴酸山莨菪碱注射液细菌内毒素检查方法,可为《中国药典》增订该制剂的细菌内毒素检查项提供参考。