大鼠冠脉微血栓形成后心肌细胞丢失与心脏重塑实验研究

目的　建立一种新的大鼠冠脉微血栓模型 ,探讨冠脉微血栓形成后心肌细胞急、慢性丢失及其机制 ;探讨冠脉微血栓形成后心肌细胞丢失对心脏重塑及心功能变化的影响 ;初步观察厄贝沙坦 (IB)干预效果。　方法　以 SD大鼠为研究对象 ,自主动脉根部注入月桂酸钠诱发冠脉微血栓建立冠脉微血栓模型。 6 6只大鼠分 5组 :急性冠脉微血栓组 (n=1 8)、急性对照组 (n=1 8)、慢性冠脉微血栓组 (n=1 0 )、慢性冠脉微血栓 +IB干预组 (n=1 0 )、慢性对照组 (n=1 0 )。苏木精 -伊红 (HE)染色观察冠脉微循环急性改变 ,Nagar- Olsen染色观察心肌缺氧早期改变 ;HE染色、TU NEL 染色及活化Caspase- 3免疫组织化学法结合显微图像分析技术测定心肌细胞凋亡率及心肌细胞核密度 ,蛋白印迹法检测心肌组织活化 Caspase- 3表达 ,超声心动图连续观察实验前后心腔大小及心功能变化。　结果　 (1 )急性期变化 :急性冠脉微血栓组与对照组比较 ,所有大鼠均出现一定程度的冠状微动脉内皮损伤、血小板性血栓形成及心肌细胞缺氧 ,其发生率 (% )分别为 1 0 .1 7± 2 .33,9.4 2± 2 .0 2和 7.2 0± 2 .4 3(P 均 <0 .0 1 ) ;所有大鼠蛋白印迹法心肌组织活化型 Caspase- 3表达均增加 (P<0 .0 1 ) ;心肌细胞凋亡率显著增加 (TUNEL法2 .1 9± 0 .6 7     

山莨菪碱治疗冠状动脉微循环障碍的实验观察

目的 通过建立新西兰大白兔冠状动脉微血栓模型,观察山莨菪碱对冠状动脉微循环障碍的治疗效果并探讨其作用机制.方法 新西兰大白兔24只,随机分为对照组、模型组和治疗组,每组8只.开胸后阻断升主动脉10 s,模型组经主动脉根部注入月桂酸钠1.5 mg/kg(40 mg/mL) 建立冠状动脉微血栓模型;治疗组于注射月桂酸钠后即刻肌肉注射山莨菪碱10 mg;对照组不予任何处理.模型组和治疗组于术前和术后3 h经耳动脉采血2 mL(对照组随机时间点采血,相隔3 h),测定各组血清中一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnⅠ)水平.血液样本采集完成后处死所有动物,取心脏制作病理切片,HE染色观察各组微血栓的形成情况并计算微血栓形成率.结果 模型组注射月桂酸钠后3 h,血清NO浓度较术前降低,而ET-1、VEGF和cTnⅠ质量浓度均较术前升高;治疗组各项指标变化趋势与模型组一致,但程度较轻;两组间各指标手术前后差值比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).冠状动脉内注入月桂酸钠后3 h,治疗组NO/ET-1比值高于模型组(P<0.05).各组冠状动脉大动脉中均无血栓形成.对照组微动脉中无血栓形成;模型组和治疗组微动脉中均可见血栓形成,治疗组微血栓形成率低于模型组(P<0.05).结论 山莨菪碱能有效改善冠状动脉微循环.其机制可能与扩张微血管、减轻内皮受损程度、纠正NO/ET-1的失平衡状态而减少月桂酸钠诱发的血栓形成有关.     

山莨菪碱治疗冠状动脉微循环障碍的实验观察

目的通过建立新西兰大白兔冠状动脉微血栓模型,观察山莨菪碱对冠状动脉微循环障碍的治疗效果并探讨其作用机制。方法新西兰大白兔24只,随机分为对照组、模型组和治疗组,每组8只。开胸后阻断升主动脉10 s,模型组经主动脉根部注入月桂酸钠1.5 mg/kg（40 mg/mL）建立冠状动脉微血栓模型;治疗组于注射月桂酸钠后即刻肌肉注射山莨菪碱10 mg;对照组不予任何处理。模型组和治疗组于术前和术后3 h经耳动脉采血2 mL（对照组随机时间点采血,相隔3 h）,测定各组血清中一氧化氮（NO）、内皮素-1（ET-1）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（cTnⅠ）水平。血液样本采集完成后处死所有动物,取心脏制作病理切片,HE染色观察各组微血栓的形成情况并计算微血栓形成率。结果模型组注射月桂酸钠后3 h,血清NO浓度较术前降低,而ET-1、VEGF和cTnⅠ质量浓度均较术前升高;治疗组各项指标变化趋势与模型组一致,但程度较轻;两组间各指标手术前后差值比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。冠状动脉内注入月桂酸钠后3 h,治疗组NO/ET-1比值高于模型组（P〈0.05）。各组冠状动脉大动脉中均无血栓形成。对照组微动脉中无血栓形成;模型组和治疗组微动脉中均可见血栓形成,治疗组微血栓形成率低于模型组（P〈0.05）。结论山莨菪碱能有效改善冠状动脉微循环。其机制可能与扩张微血管、减轻内皮受损程度、纠正NO/ET-1的失平衡状态而减少月桂酸钠诱发的血栓形成有关。     

卡托普利对急性缺血心肌的保护作用

目的 :研究卡托普利 (Captopril)对急性缺血心肌的保护作用及其可能的抑制。方法 :19只家兔随机分为两组 (对照组n =9,治疗组n =10 ) ,均行冠状动脉左室支中点结扎 10 0分钟 ,观察两组心肌缺血面积、严重室性心律失常发生、血浆去甲肾上腺素 (NE)和血管紧张素Ⅱ (AⅡ )水平的变化。结果 :治疗组心肌缺血面积低于对照组(34.6 %± 2 .2 %vs 40 .8%± 2 .6 % ,P <0 .0 0 1) ,严重室性心律失常发生率在治疗组显著减少 ,且血浆NE、AⅡ水平均明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :卡托普利对急性缺血心肌有保护作用 ,能减少冠脉结扎后缺血心肌面积和室性心律失常的发生 ,其机制与降低血浆NE、AⅡ浓度有关     

阿托伐他汀钙对急性心肌梗死患者血管内皮细胞功能的影响

目的　观察心肌梗死急性期降脂治疗对内皮依赖性血管舒张功能的作用。方法　采用超声法检测 2 0例急性心肌梗死 (AMI)和 2 0例健康成年人肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能、内皮非依赖性舒张功能。 2 0例AMI患者在常规治疗 (血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂、β受体阻滞剂和阿司匹林等 )的基础上口服阿托伐他汀钙 10mg d ,8周后复测肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能、内皮非依赖性舒张功能和血脂全套。结果　AMI患者肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能 (2 .5 3± 1.18) %较对照组 (8.6 9± 3.31) %明显降低 (P<0 .0 0 1) ,AMI组的肱动脉内皮非依赖性舒张功能 (17.2 1± 5 .36 ) %也较对照组 (2 5 .18± 9.34) %明显降低 (P <0 .0 1)。AMI患者服用 10mg d阿托伐他汀钙治疗 8周后 ,肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能 (6 .32±2 .86 ) %较治疗前 (2 .5 3± 1.18) %有显著改善 (P <0 .0 1)。肱动脉内皮非依赖性舒张功能与治疗前比较差异无显著性 (17.0 4 %± 5 .2 7%vs 17.2 1%± 5 .36 % ,P >0 .0 5 )。治疗后TC、LDL C和TG水平明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　AMI患者肱动脉内皮依赖性血管舒张功能明显减退 ,短期口服阿托伐他汀钙 (10mg d)降脂治疗对受损的血管内皮功能有改善作用     

低氧大鼠肺内血管内皮细胞生长因子表达与肺血管重建的关系

目的　了解低氧性肺动脉高压时肺内血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)与肺血管重建的关系。方法　将 2 0只雄性 Wistar大鼠分为低氧性肺动脉高压组 (n=10 )和对照组 (n=10 )两组 ,肺动脉高压组以常压低氧建立大鼠肺动脉高压模型。以微导管法测定各组大鼠肺动脉压 ,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测模型大鼠肺内 VEGF的表达 ,对肺组织切片进行图象分析。结果　低氧 3周后 ,肺动脉高压组大鼠形成明显的肺动脉高压 ,肺小动脉壁细胞数增多 ,管壁增厚和管腔狭窄 ,管壁厚度占外径的百分比 (WT%)为 31.4%± 2 .6 %,管壁面积占血管总面积的百分比 (WA%)为 5 2 .8%± 3.4%,分别与正常对照组 16 .0 %± 1.8%和 2 8.7%± 2 .3%相比明显升高 (P<0 .0 1) ;肺小动脉内膜的 VEGF免疫阳性染色在低氧大鼠组为 2 .5 1± 0 .2 5 ,与正常对照组 1.2 7± 0 .15相比明显增强 (P<0 .0 1) ,低氧大鼠组 VEGF免疫阳性染色强度与 WT%和 WA%呈明显正相关 (r分别为 0 .792和 0 .785 ,P <0 .0 1)。结论　低氧所致 VEGF的合成增多在低氧性肺血管重建和肺动脉高压的发病过程中起一定的作用。     

蝮蛇毒蛋白C激活物对大鼠心肌微血栓形成的抑制作用

目的:观察蝮蛇毒蛋白C激活物(PCA)对大鼠心肌微血栓形成的影响,并进一步探讨其抗凝机制。方法:取健康雄性SD大鼠48只,随机分为假手术(SH)组、微血栓(MI)组、MI+PCA组和PCA组,其中MI+PCA组又分为1mg/kg、3mg/kg、6mg/kg三个剂量组,每组8只。以月桂酸钠复制大鼠心肌微血栓模型,测定并比较各组血浆中PAF、ET-1、vWF、MDA的含量及SOD的活性;心肌石蜡切片,常规HE染色,光镜观察;观察心肌梗死范围。结果:MI+PCA(3mg/kg)组及MI+PCA(6mg/kg)组大鼠血浆中PAF、ET-1、vWF、MDA的含量较MI组显著降低(P<0.05);病理亦显示MI+PCA(3mg/kg)组及MI+PCA(6mg/kg)组心肌无微血管血栓形成、无梗死;PCA组与SH组各指标无明显差异。结论:PCA可有效抑制微血栓形成,其除了可通过激活蛋白C系统抗凝外,保护血管内皮亦可能是其另一抗凝途径。     

氨氯地平对2型糖尿病合并高血压患者血管内皮功能的影响

目的　探讨氨氯地平治疗前后 2型糖尿病合并高血压患者血管内皮功能的变化。　方法　经 2周导入期后 ,将 75例 2型糖尿病合并高血压患者 ,随机分为氨氯地平组 (3 8例 )和美托洛尔组 (3 7例 ) ,以血压 <14 0 / 90mmHg为标准调整剂量 ,未达标者加吲哒帕胺 ,治疗期 6周。超声检测治疗前后右肱动脉血管内皮功能的变化。　结果　美托洛尔组治疗前后肱动脉内径基础值 (3 .69± 0 .5 8mm对 3 .71± 0 .60mm)、反应性充血后 (5 .41%± 0 .82 %对 5 .78%± 0 .87% )及含服硝酸甘油后内径变化 (19.6%± 4.8%对 2 0 .0 %± 5 .2 % )均无显著性差异 (P均 >0 .0 5 )。氨氯地平组治疗前后肱动脉内径基础值 (3 .72± 0 .61mm对 3 .70± 0 .5 9mm)、含服硝酸甘油后内径变化 (18.9%± 4.5 %对 2 0 .1%± 5 .6% )也无显著性差异 (P均 >0 .0 5 ) ;但反应性血管充血引起肱动脉内径的变化 (5 .66%± 0 .78%对 9.48%± 3 .80 % )有非常显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。　结论　氨氯地平在有效降低 2型糖尿病合并高血压患者血压的同时 ,能独立地改善其血管内皮功能。     

冠状动脉心肌桥的临床和预后分析

目的　分析心肌桥的临床表现和预后的关系。方法　对 35例心肌桥病例 (其中 2 4例为孤立性心肌桥 )的临床和冠脉造影资料 ,分析心肌桥与冠状动脉粥样硬化、心肌缺血、预后及心肌肥厚的关系。结果　心肌桥在冠状动脉造影上的检出率为 1 2 2 %。心肌桥前段血管粥样硬化组的肌桥收缩期狭窄程度 (6 8%± 15 % )与无粥样硬化组 (5 4 %± 14 % )差异有非常显著意义 (P <0 0 1) ,心电图异常组的肌桥收缩期狭窄程度 (6 3%± 13% )重于心电图正常组 (4 9%± 13% ,P <0 0 5 ) ,但与心绞痛的典型 (5 8%± 15 % )与否 (5 4 %± 15 % )关系不大 ,左室肥厚者的肌桥收缩期狭窄程度 (6 9%±9% )重于非肥厚者 (5 8%± 16 % ,P =0 0 9)。 3～ 5 0 (2 6 6± 17 7)个月的随访期内无恶性临床事件发生。结论　 (1)心肌桥的狭窄程度越重 ,造成的心肌缺血越严重 ,即出现心电图异常的可能性就越大 ;(2 )心肌桥有促发或加速其前段冠状动脉血管发生粥样硬化病变的倾向 ,且与心肌桥的狭窄程度有关 ;(3)左室肥厚可能促进本不严重的心肌桥的发生 ;(4 )心肌桥的预后良好。     

经皮激光心肌血运重建术治疗心肌缺血机制的实验研究

目的　探讨经皮激光心肌血运重建术 (PMR)治疗心肌缺血的机制。方法　取体重 14～18kg的雄性杂种健康犬 10条 ,随机分为PMR组和对照组 ,每组 5条。对两组犬均以不完全结扎冠状动脉 (冠脉 )左前降支的方法复制慢性心肌缺血模型。PMR组在冠脉结扎术后 2周采用Ho :YAG激光系统在缺血心壁施行PMR ,每条犬平均打孔 (15± 3)个。PMR组在冠脉结扎前和PMR后 1、4、12周 ,对照组在冠脉结扎前、冠脉结扎后 3、6和 14周 ,以心肌核素显像检查心肌灌注状况 ,以超声心动图测量左室射血分数 (LVEF)。PMR组在 1、4周检测结束后各处死 1条犬 ,12周检测结束后处死 3条犬 ;对照组在 14周检测结束后处死全部 5条犬。取犬心肌组织作形态学观察及血管计数。PMR术后 2 4h病理标本取自PMR预实验犬。结果　 (1)心肌灌注积分 :PMR组冠脉结扎前为 3 2± 0 6 ,PMR后 12周为 0 3± 0 2 ;对照组冠脉结扎前为 3 1± 0 5 ,结扎后 14周为 1 2± 0 3。两组下降幅度的差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 )。 (2 )LVEF :PMR组冠脉结扎前为 4 2 6± 6 5 ,PMR后 12周为 5 5 8± 7 6 (P <0 0 5 ) ;对照组冠脉结扎前为 4 3 2± 8 7,结扎后 14周为 4 5 2± 6 3。两组增加幅度的差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 )。 (3)PMR犬心肌PMR区域每视野微血管     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.