食管平滑肌瘤的影像学表现

目的：探讨食管平滑肌瘤的影像学诊断和鉴别诊断。方法：回顾性分析经手术病理证实24例食管平滑肌瘤的影像学表现。结果：常规食管X线钡餐造影示腔内型16例。表现为圆形或半圆形充盈缺损,腔外型8例,表现为局部轻度受压。其中21例行CT检查,显示圆形和椭圆形及马蹄型肿块,增强扫描呈均匀强化。16例行MR扫描显示肿块,矢状位和冠状位肿块与食管关系密切。结论：食管平滑肌瘤X线钡餐造影检查是首选检查方法,但有时定性诊断较难,CT与MRI扫描能确定肿瘤大小、范围、性质及与其他病变鉴别。     

食管壁内气管软骨异位症（附7例报告）

目的：探讨食管壁内气管软骨异位症（ＣＴＥ）的诊断依据。材料与方法：１９９１年以来７例ＣＴＥ作钡餐检查，４例于首次检查建立诊断，２例经复查明确诊断。７例均经手术和病理检查证实。结果：食管下段重度向心性恒定狭窄７例；狭窄段下“钟摆样”钡滞留５例；狭窄段食管壁内细管道征２例。结论：ＣＴＥ的Ｘ线改变具有特征性，可作为术前诊断的依据。     

食管疾病的X线诊断

目前,食管疾病的主要影像学检查手段仍依赖于X线钡餐造影检查,良好的食管气-钡双对比造影检查对食管疾病的检出率可与内窥镜媲美.由于食管病变复杂,种类繁多,本文主要讨论除肿瘤以外的较常见疾病,并以炎性病变为重点,概述其病因、病理、临床表现、X线诊断与鉴别诊断.     

食管壁内假性憩室

1960年由Mendl等首先提出食管壁内假性憩室(EIPD),称做食管壁内憩室。1974年改为食管壁内假性憩室。EIPD病例中90％伴有食管良性狭窄,因此,EIPD的发现有助于鉴别良恶性狭窄。现将本病的病因、病理、临床表现及X线征象等综述如下。1 病因及发病机理     

5例先天性食管闭锁的X线诊断

目的：探索先天性食管闭锁的X线诊断，以提高对本病的认识。方法：结合文献资料对确诊的5例进行回顾性分析。结果：造影剂充盈食管盲端或充盈盲端后进入气管和肺内是重要的X线征象。结论：X线是诊断食管闭锁的首选方法。     

乳腺癌X线与病理对照分析

目的：探讨钼靶乳腺癌X线影像学表现，分析其病理基础，以提高乳腺癌的诊断水平。方法：分析经手术证实的56例乳腺癌患者的X线影像学资料及其病理学资料。结果：本组乳腺癌患者56例乳腺癌中X线表现为肿块36例；微小钙化（簇样、短棒样）11例：星芒影9例；局部密度增高、结构紊乱4例；血管影增多、增粗、迂曲10例；乳晕增厚8例；乳头凹陷7例；乳后间隙结构不清或消失3例。病理为浸润性导管癌47例；单纯癌7例；大汗腺样癌1例；导管内乳头状癌1例。结论：诊断乳腺癌除了重视特征性征象：肿块影、簇样钙化、星芒征，还应重视局部致密影、局部结构紊乱、血管影增多及增粗等间接征象；乳腺癌的病理基础不同，导致了不同类型的X线表现。     

食管壁内气管软骨异位症的X线观察(附5例报告)

目的探讨食管壁内气管软骨异位症钡餐检查的价值。方法回顾分析5例食管壁内气管软骨异位症的影像特征。结果5例均有位置固定的食管下段狭窄,“钟摆征”4例,“梭形钡剂滞留区”1例。结论X线表现具有特征性,可作为术前诊断依据。     

先天性食管闭锁与食管气管瘘的X线、CT表现

目的 探讨先天性食管闭锁与食管气管瘘的X线、CT诊断价值.资料与方法 回顾性分析7例先天性食管闭锁与食管气管瘘的影像学表现,7例均行X线平片和食管造影,其中3例进行了CT检查.结果 7例中Ⅰ型2例、Ⅱ型1例、Ⅲ型4例(Ⅲa型1例,Ⅲb型3例).X线胸腹平片显示胃肠积气4例、吸入性肺炎6例及右上肺不张2例;食管造影显示近端呈盲端6例、近端食管气管瘘1例;CT检查显示远端食管气管瘘3例.结论 综合应用X线、CT检查对先天性食管闭锁与食管气管瘘的确诊及分型具有重要意义.     

外伤性支气管断裂的影像诊断

目的 分析外伤性支气管断裂的X线平片及CT表现,评价影像学表现在早期诊断中的价值。资料与方法回顾性分析10例经手术病理证实的外伤性支气管断裂的影像学表现。结果 外伤性支气管断裂的主要X线表现：纵隔及皮下气肿,气胸或液气胸,肺不张,肺下垂征;CT检查可补充X线平片的不足,可显示气管支气管柱中断,气管移位或成角畸形。结论 外伤性支气管断裂有特征性的影像学表现,认识这些征象,有助于早期诊断。     

肠壁气囊肿症的影像学表现及病因病理探讨

目的：分析肠壁气囊肿症的影像学表现，探讨其形成机制及X线检查对其诊断的价值。材料与方法：选择7例经手术病理或综合影像学及临床随访证实的肠壁气囊肿症患者，采用腹部X线平片，SHIMADZU DAR-3000 DIGITEX PRO数字胃肠机及PICKER IQ～CT机检查。结果：立位腹平片可见膈下游离气体，间位小肠及串珠样囊状透亮区。消化道气钡双重造影可见胃窦溃疡，幽门梗阻及结肠内球形透亮充盈缺损，肠壁柔软。CT平扫可见胃壁十二指肠及小肠壁内线样透亮影。结论：X线检查在肠壁气囊肿症的鉴别诊断中有着不可替代的作用。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.