Endolaryngeal cordectomy using cold instruments for treatment of T1 glottic cancers

In the treatment of early-stage glottic cancers, radiotherapy and surgery have similar success rates. In our department, we have been using cold instruments coupled with surgical microscope and/or telescopes for several years in treatment of early stage glottic cancers. Our aims were, to present our experience with endolaryngeal resection of T1 glottic cancers with cold instruments coupled with surgical microscope and telescopes, to present our oncological results, to discuss the advantages of endolaryngeal cordectomy over open cordectomy or RT and to discuss whether laser is obligatory for this approach or not.Our study includes retrospective analysis of 38 patients with T1 glottic cancer, who have been treated with endolaryngeal surgery as the primary treatment. The median follow-up was 24 months. The most commonly performed procedure was type-II cordectomy (38.5%). Overall survival rate was 94.7%, while the disease-specific survival rate was 100%. Local recurrences occurred in two patients at 8th and 11th months, postoperatively. In the first patient, type-Vc cordectomy and in the second type-Va cordectomy had been performed. Both patients with recurrences could be salvaged by fronto-lateral laryngectomy, and are still alive in their 38th and 6th months following salvage surgery. Therefore, the local control rate and larynx preservation rate with endolaryngeal cordectomy were 94.7 and 100%, respectively, in this study group. All patients had a voice quality sufficient for communicating easily over telephone. We believe that lasers are not obligatory to perform endolaryngeal cordectomy for treatment of T1 glottic cancers, as the same oncological and similar functional outcomes may be achieved with the traditional cold instruments.     

CO2激光声带切除术后复发相关因素分析

目的 探讨早期声门癌经CO2激光手术后,其复发相关因素对患者预后的影响。方法 回顾经CO2激光治疗声门癌患者76例病历资料,所有新鲜标本标记切缘,肉眼切缘2mm,甲醛液中固定。石蜡包埋,HE染色,光镜观察。Kaplan–Meier法计算生存率和无瘤生存率,单因素分析应用log rank test方法。结果 局部复发11例(14.5%),5年生存率92.0%,5年无瘤生存率81.9%,喉保存率96.1%。单因素分析显示,前联合受侵和甲杓肌受侵导致5年无瘤生存率降低(P=0.002,P=0.001),而病理切缘阳性并不影响5年无瘤生存率(P=0.065)。结论 前联合受侵和甲杓肌受侵将增加CO2激光治疗早期声门癌术后复发风险,切缘阳性并不影响5年无瘤生存率,对术后切缘阳性患者采取密切随访观察,避免过度治疗。     

Diode laser microsurgery for treatment of Tis and T1 glottic carcinomas

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to demonstrate the oncologic safety of diode laser surgery in the treatment of early glottic carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 45 patients affected by Tis and T1 glottic squamous cell carcinomas and treated endoscopically by diode laser (60 W, 810 nm). The endoscopic resections were graded according to the European Laryngological Society Classification including 5 types of cordectomy. These cases were classified according to the 2002 American Joint Committee on Cancer-International Union Against Cancer (AJCC-UICC) TNM system and included 9 Tis (20%), 31 T1a (68.9%), and 5 T1b (11.1%) glottic carcinomas. The length of follow-up ranged from 24 to 86 months, with an average follow-up period of 36 months. The case study included 39 males (86.7%) and 6 females (13.3%), aged 35 to 81 years, with a mean age of 51 years. RESULTS: There were 5 recurrences (11.1%): 4 local (8.9%), in which 3 were salvaged, and 1 (2.2%) regional. Three patients (6.7%) developed second primary cancers on the controlateral cord after a mean of 18 months. All local recurrences occurred in patients with T1b lesions. Forty patients (88.9%) were alive and disease-free at a median follow-up of 36 months. The overall larynx preservation was 97.6%. The actuarial recurrence-free survival analysis by the Kaplan-Meier method showed a survival of 92.3% at 2 years, 89.2 at 5 years, and 85.6 at 7 years. CONCLUSIONS: Diode laser microsurgery is an oncologically safe, function-preserving modality for the treatment of Tis and T1 glottic carcinomas. This surgical technique provides excellent local control of disease and laryngeal preservation.     

Our experience in the surgical treatment of T1 carcinoma of the vocal cord

From 1971 to 1986, 94 patients suffering from T1 glottic carcinoma underwent cordectomy at the University ENT Clinic of Thessaloniki, Greece. There were five female and 89 male patients with a median age of 61.7 years. Two year survival rate was 93.7 per cent; five year survival rate was 93.2 per cent. Seventeen of the patients suffered recurrence, but 11 of them after laryngectomy or radiotherapy are alive with no sign of the disease. Tracheostomy was not performed in the majority of our cases. The relationship between the site of recurrence and survival as well as the role of radiotherapy before and after cordectomy in some of our patients are discussed. We believe that despite the good results of radiotherapy in T1 carcinoma of the vocal cord and the introduction of other treatment modalities such as CO2 laser, cordectomy by laryngofissure is still of value with very good survival results and minimal discomfort for the patient.     

Cordectomy in the surgical treatment of tumors T1 of the vocal cords. Review of our cases (1974-1990)

We decided to review the results of cordectomy in our surroundings over the 22 years of existence of our Service. 631 clinic histories of patients undergoing surgery for laryngeal cancer in our Department, between 1974 and 1990, were reexamined, and from those selected 56 pertaining to T1 tumors treated with cordectomy. In this reduced group were studied epidemiology, clinical and pathologic data, complications, survival and death causes as well. The 58 considered were of male sex, middle aged (58-86) excepting 9 patients under 50. Their relation with tobacco eas clear, although less than in our general series (87.93% smokers). Of the 58 patients group 4 of then disappear during the 5 years follow-up term (8.62%). Three died: one from ganglion disease, other from local recurrence and the last one from other condition. In brief, global survival are accounted for 94.34% and the adjusted survival was 96.1%.     

Conservation surgery for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer

The charts of 173 patients treated by conservation laryngectomy and pharyngolaryngectomy were retrospectively reviewed. The patients treated by endoscopic laser resection were excluded of this study. Glottic carcinoma was diagnosed in 101 patients, supraglottic carcinoma in 44 patients, hypopharyngeal carcinoma in 24 patients and oropharyngeal carcinoma in 4 patients. The median follow-up period was 44 months, 84/101 glottic cancer, 34/44 supraglottic cancer, 23/24 hypopharyngeal cancer and 2/4 oropharyngeal cancer were staged as T1 and T2. A voice-sparing external approach was carried on in 20 patients with locally advanced tumor (T3-T4). At time of the last follow-up, 132 patients (77%) were alive when 41 patients (23%) died. Overall survival rates for patients treated for T1-T2 glottic cancer at 3, 5 and 10 years were 90, 90 and 78% respectively. Overall survival rates for patients treated for T1-T2 supralottic cancer at 3, 5 and 10 years were 73, 68 and 48% respectively. Overall survival rates for patients treated for T1-T2 hypopharyngeal cancer at 3 and 5 years were 74 and 37% respectively. The site of the primary tumor (glottic versus supraglottic or hypopharynx) showed significant impact on survival (P = 0.0025)). Regarding survival, T stage and N stage were not found statistically significant.     

喉环上部分切除术及其疗效

目的 探讨喉癌行喉次全切除术并重建喉功能的术式及其疗效。方法 １９７８～１９９８年行喉次全切除环－舌骨固定术或环－舌骨－会厌固定术２９例,其中男１８例,女１１例;年龄最大７０岁,最小３８岁,平均５５．４岁。按１９８７年ＵＩＣＣ分期,全部均为Ｍ０,声门上型１０例（Ｔ２Ｎ０ ３例、Ｔ２Ｎ１ １例、Ｔ３Ｎ０ ３例、Ｔ３Ｎ１ ２例,Ｔ３Ｎ２ １例）,声门型１９例（Ｔ２Ｎ０ １２例、Ｔ２Ｎ１ １例、Ｔ３Ｎ０     

Treatment of early-stage glottic cancer by transoral laser resection

OBJECTIVES: We reviewed outcomes of treatment of early glottic carcinoma by transoral laser resection. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of tumor stage, type of cordectomy (European Laryngological Society), resection margins, local control, and laryngeal preservation. RESULTS: Of 142 patients treated with curative intent, 79 (92% male; average age, 63 years) were retained for this study, on the basis of availability of information regarding resection margins, the absence of adjuvant radiotherapy, and followup of at least 2 years. The tumors were classified pTis (n = 21), pT1a (n = 51), or pT1b (n = 7) and were treated by cordectomy types I (23%), II (30%), III (27%), IV (6%), and V (14%). The average follow-up was 56 months (range, 24 to 150 months). The overall 5-year actuarial recurrence-free survival rate was 89%, and the 5-year actuarial disease-specific survival rate was 97.3%. There were 11 local recurrences (14%); 7 were treated by another laser resection, 1 by radiotherapy, 1 by supracricoid partial laryngectomy, and 2 by total laryngectomy. The overall rate of final local control with the laser alone was 100% for patients with initially positive margins, 95% for those with initially suspicious margins, and 94% for those with free margins. The overall rate of organ preservation was 100% for patients with positive or suspicious margins and 96% for those with free margins. Margin status (p = .39), cordectomy type (p = .67), and anterior commissure involvement (p = .16) were not statistically related to recurrence (Kaplan-Meier calculations with nonparametric univariate analysis). The recurrence rate was significantly higher for T1b tumors, however (p = .001). CONCLUSIONS: Laser microresection provides high rates of local control and organ preservation for early glottic cancer. Positive or suspicious margins were not related to recurrence, nor was anterior commissure involvement. This study implies that suspicious margins can be managed with a "watch-and-wait" attitude. Re-treatment with laser, external partial laryngectomy, and radiotherapy remain therapeutic options for recurrences.     

205例喉癌的手术方式与远期疗效分析

目的分析1990年以来喉癌手术治疗的方法及其远期疗效，以改进治疗并提高生存率。方法对1990年1月-2004年10月间手术治疗的205例病例进行临床随访、病历资料分析。其中声门上型52例，声门型149例，声门下型4例；按UICC 1997年分期标准Ⅰ期48例，Ⅱ期88例，Ⅲ期44例，Ⅳ期25例。行支撑喉镜下声带切除术1例，撕皮术2例，喉裂开声带切除术9例，未行气管切开的喉垂直部分切除术16例，喉垂直部分切除术25例，水平半喉切除术7例，Arslan（咽气管吻合）手术15例，环舌骨会套固定术（criicohyoidoepidottopexy，CHEP）57例，喉次全切除术16例，喉全切除术57例。结果205例仅4例失访，Kaplan—Meier法统计总的1年生存率96．0％，3年生存率84．8％，5年生存率为79．4％，其中声门上型1年生存率88．3％，3年为67．5％，5年为65．0％；声门型1年生存率99．3％，3年为91．3％，5年为84．7％，喉功能保存率72．7％。早期肿瘤（Ⅰ、Ⅱ期）与晚期肿瘤（Ⅲ、Ⅳ期）患者之间生存率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01），肿瘤不同发病部位（声门型、声门上型）患者之间生存率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论喉癌手术治疗效果好，喉功能保存率高，其预后与肿瘤分期、发病部位有关。提倡严格掌握手术指征，在保证手术安全边缘的情况下，制定个体化治疗方案，运用最优的手术切除和功能重建方法，综合治疗，提高生存质量。     

嗓音显微手术治疗早期声门癌的远期疗效观察

目的观察应用嗓音显微手术治疗早期声门癌的远期疗效.方法1989-1997年采用嗓音显微外科技术对44例声带早期癌（T1a）进行了手术治疗.声带早期癌按病变的侵袭深度分为：原位癌（5例）、低侵袭癌（33例）和侵袭癌（6例）.原位癌和低侵袭癌采用微瓣切除技术;对侵袭癌则采取激光切除声带,切缘经过微波或激光处理的方法.每例患者均进行术前、术中和术后录像,术后常规病理送检,并进行长期随访.随访最长时间为11年,最短时间5年.结果应用微瓣切除方法的38例原位癌和低侵袭癌中有6例在手术后随访的2～3年内发现局部复发,局部复发率为15.8%.6例复发患者再次行微瓣切除,其中1例在10年内经历3次微瓣切除手术.1例失随访后1年再次因肿瘤复发就诊,后改喉全切除手术.微瓣切除术病例失访4例,其余随访5年以上均存活,5年生存率为89.5%（失访以死亡计）.应用声带切除术的6例早期侵袭癌中2例于术后2个月发现肿瘤复发而行喉切除术,1例失随访后3年复发改喉全切除术,1例梭型细胞癌术后采用局部放射治疗.声带切除术局部复发率为4/6;3例在3年内死亡,1例3年后失访,2例存活5年以上.结论对病变局限的早期癌,嗓音显微手术不仅能有效地治愈疾病,同时能保护和维持正常的发声功能.对于病变局限在黏膜表面的声带早期癌,嗓音显微手术的微瓣技术不仅是有效的微创治疗措施,同时微瓣切除的病变标本经连续切片的病理诊断也成为了早期声带癌诊断及鉴别诊断的“金标准”.     

Supracricoid laryngectomy with cricohyoidopexy: oncological results

This study assessed the oncological results in patients undergoing supracricoid laryngectomy with cricohyoidopexy. A cohort of 44 patients surgically treated using supracricoid laryngectomy with cricohyoidopexy between June 2001 and December 2009 was retrospectively analyzed. The mean follow-up period was 53.2 (±24.7) months. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to analyze overall survival and disease-specific survival, as well as survival according to T2 and T3 subgroups. Overall survival rates at 3 and 5?years were 90.5 and 84.1%, respectively. The 3- and 5-year disease-specific survival rates were 95.4 and 92.5%, respectively. Overall survival for patients with T2 disease was 87.5% at 3?years and 80.8% at 5?years. For T3, the corresponding rates were 91.8 and 87.0%. Disease-specific survival for patients with T2 disease was 93.3% at 3?years and the same at 5?years; the corresponding rates for T3 were 96.4 and 91.4%. The differences between T2 and T3 patients at 3 and 5?years with respect to overall and disease-specific survival were not statistically significant (P?=?0.903 and P?=?0.863, respectively). Recurrence was local in one patient (2.2%) and regional in three (6.8%). There were three distant metastases (6.8%) and one second primary carcinoma (2.2%). These findings support the use of supracricoid laryngectomy with cricohyoidopexy as an oncologically safe technique in properly selected patients with laryngeal carcinoma.     

Partial laryngectomy with imbrication laryngoplasty for glottic carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Treatment options for unilateral glottic carcinoma include radiation therapy, partial laryngectomy, and endoscopic cordectomy. We used partial laryngectomy with imbrication laryngoplasty (PLIL) for definitive treatment with curative intent in a select group of patients. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective multicenter review of 24 patients treated with PLIL. Data collection included demographics, tumor characteristics, time to decannulation, time to oral food intake, local control, survival, voice result as judged by the physician, voice result as judged by the patient, and patient satisfaction. SETTING: Five academic medical centers. METHODS: PLIL includes a composite resection of the entire vocal fold, with its ligament, muscle, adjacent paraglottic tissues, and the adjacent block of thyroid cartilage. A neocord is reconstructed by imbricating the remaining thyroid cartilage strips and covering them with a false vocal fold flap. RESULTS: A total of 24 patients (T1, n = 13; T2, n = 10; and T3, n = 1) underwent PLIL. Median time to decannulation was 4 days, and median time to oral food intake was 5 days. Clear margins were achieved in 23 patients (96%). Follow-up ranged from 1 to 11 years (median duration of follow-up, 5.5 years). In the patients who had clear margins at the initial surgery, the rate of overall disease control was 100%. Voice quality was judged by the physician as good or excellent in 100% of the patients who underwent PLIL, and as better than typical hemilaryngectomy in 23 patients (96%). Twenty-three patients (96%) were satisfied with their voice quality. CONCLUSIONS: PLIL provides us with a single modality curative approach to unilateral glottic carcinoma. It also provides rapid recovery of oral and/or nasal airway and swallowing, excellent voice quality, and a disease-control rate similar to or better than other treatment modalities.     

Postoperative adjuvant chemoradiotherapy in older patients with head and neck cancer

BACKGROUND: In head and neck cancer, the locoregional failure of patients with positive margins, vascular or perineural invasion, and extracapsular spread is high and results in poor survival. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy in improving treatment outcomes among older patients with head and neck cancer. METHODS: Forty patients undergoing radical surgery (median age, 73.5 years [range, 70-78 years]) were enrolled (35 men and 5 women; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, grade 0-2). Disease sites included the oral cavity (10 patients), oropharynx (12 patients), hypopharynx (8 patients), and larynx (10 patients); pathological TNM classifications included T1 N2 (8 patients), T2 N1-2 (12 patients), T3 N0-2 (8 patients), and T4 N0-2 (12 patients), with the following poor prognostic factors: positive margins (6 patients), vascular invasion (14 patients), neural invasion (16 patients), and extracapsular spread (26 patients). All patients were treated with carboplatin (30 mg/m2 on days 1-5 of weeks 1, 3, and 5) concomitant with radiotherapy (54.0 Gy to all risk volumes plus 10.0 Gy to high-risk volumes; 5 daily fractions of 1.8 Gy each per week). RESULTS: No grade 4 toxicity was observed. Grade 3 toxicity included mucositis (10 patients), neutropenia (6 patients), dermatitis (2 patients), and thrombocytopenia (1 patient). The radiotherapy dose administered was 52.0 Gy to all risk volumes plus 10.0 Gy to high-risk volumes. Thirty-two patients (80%) received 3 cycles, 6 (15%) received 2 cycles, and 2 (5%) received 1 cycle. Three-year survival was as follows: disease-free survival, 58%; overall survival, 64%; and local control, 79%. CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy may be successful in fit older patients. The results of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy were better than those observed in a comparable group treated with radiotherapy alone and were similar to those observed in a younger group with the same poor prognostic factors treated with adjuvant carboplatin plus radiotherapy.     

Local recurrence after CO2 laser cordectomy for early glottic carcinoma

OBJECTIVES: To point out prognosis factors of local recurrence after endoscopic cordectomies for Tis, T1a, T1b, and T2 glottic squamous cell carcinomas. STUDY DESIGN: A cohort of 110 patients treated from January 1990 to December 2000 at a single institution was retrospectively analyzed: 21 had Tis, 76 T1a, 7 T1b, and 6 T2 (mean follow-up 42 mo; range 1-160 mo). METHODS: The depth and extension of the excision were graded according to the European Laryngological Society Classification. Univariate analysis was used to review the impact on disease-free survival of factors related to the host, the tumor, and the treatment. RESULTS: According to the Kaplan-Meier method, the 5 year overall survival and the disease-free survival were 87% and 75%, respectively. The rates of cause-specific survival, ultimate local control with laser alone, and laryngeal preservation were 97%, 84%, and 90%, respectively. Univariate analysis by the log rank test revealed that vocal muscle infiltration (P = .001) and subglottic involvement (P = .02) have a significant impact on disease-free survival. Of the 22 patients with local recurrence (17 T1a, 1 T1b, and 4 T2), 9 were managed with total laryngectomy, 5 with partial laryngectomy, 4 with further laser cordectomy, 2 with radiotherapy, and 2 had no curative treatment. CONCLUSION: Transoral laser surgery for early glottic carcinoma is a valid alternative to radiotherapy and partial laryngectomy in terms of oncologic results. It offers low morbidity and excellent retreatment options in case of local failure. Careful patient selection for laser surgery is essential to secure good results.     

Laryngofissure and Cordectomy for Glottic Carcinoma Limited to the Mid Third of the Mobile True Vocal Cord

The objective of this study was to analyze the long-term results of laryngofissure with cordectomy for invasive glottic squamous cell carcinoma limited to the mid third of the mobile true vocal cord. The authors conducted a retrospective review of the medical charts and operative files of 33 patients with invasive glottic carcinoma limited to the mid third of the mobile true vocal cord managed with laryngofissure and cordectomy. A 10-year follow-up was achieved in 30 patients (90.9%). Kaplan-Meier actuarial analysis of survival, local control, nodal recurrence, distant metastasis, and second primary metachronous tumor was performed. The 5-year actuarial survival, local control, nodal recurrence, and distant metastasis estimates were 97%, 100%, 0%, and 0%, respectively. Tracheotomy was never performed. The overall laryngeal preservation rate was 100%. The 5- and 10-year actuarial metachronous second primary tumor estimates were 3% and 11.5%, respectively. The authors' experience suggested that laryngofissure and cordectomy should still be considered a valuable oncologic option for the management of invasive glottic carcinoma limited to the mid third of the mobile true vocal cord.     

喉垂直切除会厌下移喉重建术治疗早期声带癌的疗效观察

目的:评价喉垂直切除会厌下移喉重建术(Tucker技术)治疗早期声带癌(T1b,T2)的效果,明确Tucker技术的手术适应证。方法:回顾性分析139例接受Tucker技术治疗患者的临床资料,其中127例是首次接受治疗的患者(T1b48例,T279例),12例(Tr)是声带癌曾接受过放射治疗或声带切除后复发的患者。计算生存率和评估喉功能恢复情况。结果:T1期患者的5年生存率为91.0%,肿瘤局部控制率为100%;T2期患者的5年生存率为86%,肿瘤局部控制率为94.0%;Tr期患者的5年生存率为64.0%,肿瘤局部控制率为82%。喉功能保留方面:气管拔管率为100%,平均拔管时间10d。胃管拔除率为99.3%(138/139),6例因误咽施行了胃造漏术,1例因顽固性误咽导致吸入性肺炎施行了功能性全喉切除术;平均胃管拔管时间为15d。121例(87.1%)患者获得了好或较好的发声,18例患者的发声质量较差如同耳语声。结论:喉垂直切除会厌下移喉重建术(Tucker技术)是治疗T和T期声带癌的有效手术方法。     

Outcome of the treatment for laryngeal carcinoma by partial laryngectomies

The aim of the study was to retrospectively evaluate the results of treatment for early laryngeal carcinoma in a group of 325 patients who underwent from 1980 to 1997 partial laryngectomies. The most often type of operation was cordectomy--51.1%, then frontolateral/frontoanterior laryngectomy--20.9%, vertical laryngectomy--15.1%, supraglottic horizontal laryngectomy--8%, hemilaryngectomy--4.9%. Estimate of survival time, from surgery to first oncologic failure, was obtained with the life-table method. As a failure we considered local and regional recurrence, distant metastasis, second primary neoplasm and spread of disease. The probability of disease-free survival for all partial laryngectomies reached 81.5%, 79.5% and 60.3% at 3, 5 and over 5 years, respectively. The rates of five-year and over 5 year disease-free survival for each type of operation were: for cordectomy--82.3% and 72.3%, for frontolateral/frontoanterior laryngectomy--74.0% and 45.2%, for vertical laryngectomy--87.6% and 60.6%, for hemilaryngectomy--86.2% and 59.7%, for supraglottic horizontal laryngectomy--53.8% and 29.9%, respectively. The comparison between survival rates, by the log-rank test, revealed statistical difference between supraglottic horizontal laryngectomy and following operations: cordectomy (p < 0.001), vertical laryngectomy (p < 0.01), hemilaryngectomy (p < 0.05). The differences between other types of laryngectomy were not significant statistically. The best results in treatment of laryngeal carcinoma by partial laryngectomies were achieved by operations in vertical plane (cordectomy, vertical laryngectomy and hemilaryngectomy), the less positive--by operations in horizontal plane (supraglottic horizontal laryngectomy).     

颈段食管癌的外科治疗

目的探讨非开胸食管拔脱切除颈段食管癌及胃上提、结肠上徙代食管的治疗经验及喉功能保留的适应证,对比以手术为主辅以放化疗的综合治疗与单纯放疗的3、5年生存率。方法以手术为主辅以放化疗的综合治疗组29例,其中T2N0期3例,T2N1期3例,T3N0期6例,T3N1期7例,T4N0期5例,T4N1期5例,行非开胸食管拔脱切除颈段食管癌。清扫颈部(24例)及上纵隔气管食管旁(14例)淋巴结,甲状腺叶切除术15例,重建食管用胃上提(22例)或结肠上徙(7例),21例保留喉功能。术前或术后肿瘤患者给予放疗10例同时行化疗,方案为DF方案;单纯放疗组23例,T2N0期2例,T2N1期1例,T3N0期7例,T3N1期4例,T4N0期5例,T4N1期4例。结果综合治疗组3、5年生存率分别为51.85%、37.50%,其中T2级分别为4/4、2/3,T3、T4级分别为10/23、1/5,喉功能保留率72.41%,术后拔管率76.19%,并发症发生率为27.59%;单纯放疗组3、5年生存率分别为23.81%、20.00%,其中T2级分别为3/3、1/3,T3、4级分别为2/18、0/2。综合治疗组3年生存率、T3～4级3年生存率均显著高于单纯放疗组(P<0.05)。结论颈段食管癌可以行非开胸食管拔脱一期切除肿瘤及周围受侵组织,利用胃上提、结肠上徙重建食管,并尽可能保留喉功能。联合放化疗,可以提高患者的术后生存率和生存质量。在颈段食管癌治疗方式的选择上,除有手术禁忌的少数患者外,应首选综合治疗。     

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck: a review of 30 cases

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate treatment results and identify prognostics factors which determine local and regional treatment failure and crude survival in adenoid cystic tumours (ACT) in the head and neck. METHODS: A retrospective study (1984 to 2001) of 30 cases of adenoid cystic tumour. The mean age was 56.9 years, with a sex ratio female to male of 2:1. Tumours of all sites were encountered, most (26.7%) being in the nose and sinuses and major salivary glands (26.6%). Tumours at the T4 stage were found in 14 cases, mainly situated in the nose and sinuses (50%). No patient had cervical lymphadenopathy, while two patients (6.7%) had bony metastases at the time of diagnosis. Two patients (6.7%) were treated by surgery alone, for T1 and T2 tumours; four patients (13%) had radiotherapy alone, and 24 patients (80%) had surgery with post-operative radiotherapy with a mean dose of 60.3 Grays (56-65 Grays). RESULTS: Local recurrence occurred in 30.8% (nine cases) after a mean interval of 43 months (1 to 10 years). Treatment of these recurrences was by revision surgery in six cases, leading to local control in one case, but in a patient with pulmonary metastases. No cases of lymph node recurrence were observed. 30% of patients developed metastases; these were pulmonary in 44% and bony in 33.3%. Mean follow-up was five years. Crude survival at 3 years was 91%, at 5 years 86%, and at 10 years 50%. The percentage tumour-free survival was 70% at 3 years, and 57% at 5 years. 22 patients (73.3%) are still alive, 17 of them recurrence-free. Analysis of the prognostic factors has shown tumour to be more aggressive in the nose and sinuses when they presented at an advanced stage (T4); recurrence was more common when excision was incomplete, or if there was peri-neural spread. Tumours of "massive" histological type carried a poorer prognosis than those of cribrigorm type (60% death compared with 10%). The development of metastases is independent of local recurrence. Metastases to bone appear to be more rapidly aggressive than pulmonary metastases, which may remain asymptomatic for some time. CONCLUSION: Combined radiotherapy and surgery have allowed improved local control of ACT, but the therapeutic challenge remains the multiply recurrent ACT, or those with symptomatic metastases, and this despite new research techniques (neutral therapy, immuno-histochemistry, molecular biology). ACT are rare tumours, whose prognosis remains poor.