介入治疗子宫肌瘤的临床应用

目的 探讨子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫肌瘤的疗效观察。方法 对152例子宫肌瘤患者进行选择性子宫动脉栓塞治疗。结果 栓塞双侧子宫动脉145例，单侧7例.131例完整随访者术后6个月子宫体积平均缩小43．6％，21例肌瘤消失，127例肌瘤体积平均缩小68．2％，肌瘤缩小程度随时间延长而显著。结论 通过子宫动脉栓塞术介入治疗子宫肌瘤是治疗子宫肌瘤的有效方法。     

症状性子宫肌瘤介入治疗的临床应用

目的:评价选择性子宫动脉栓塞术在症状性子宫肌瘤治疗中的临床效果。方法:对42例症状性子宫肌瘤患者采用Seldinger技术,经皮股动脉穿刺双侧子宫动脉插管栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤。结果:血管造影显示子宫肌瘤为富血管肿瘤,主要由双侧子宫动脉供血,栓塞治疗后子宫肌瘤血供被完全阻断,治疗1~6个月后随访结果表明:除11例肌瘤消失外,其余31例肌瘤均较治疗前明显缩小,6个月肌瘤体积平均缩小69.8%,临床症状明显改善。结论:选择性子宫动脉栓塞术是症状性子宫肌瘤的一种微创、有效、安全的治疗方法,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

子宫动脉栓塞术在子宫肌瘤治疗中的价值

目的探讨经导管子宫动脉栓塞术（UAE）治疗子宫肌瘤的临床价值。方法选取症状性子宫肌瘤患者20例,行双侧子宫动脉插管,经导管注入聚乙烯醇颗粒行子宫动脉栓塞。术后随访观察6～18个月,了解症状改善及子宫和肌瘤大小变化。结果UAE术后2～6个月患者症状均有明显改善或消失,术后6～18个月B超显示肌瘤体积缩小30％～85％,平均缩小60％;子宫体积缩小25％～70％,平均缩小50％。没有严重并发症发生。结论UAE治疗子宫肌瘤是一项安全、有效的措施,值得在临床进一步推广。     

子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤63例体会

目的 探讨子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤的疗效及安全性.方法 采用seldingers技术对63例子宫肌瘤患者,行单侧股动脉插管数字减影血管造影(DSA),选择性双侧子宫动脉插管,确认子宫动脉及肌瘤所在位置后,注射真丝线段及明胶海绵颗粒分别栓塞双侧子宫动脉.结果 栓塞后6个月、12个月子宫体积缩小率分别为67.3%、75.9%,肌瘤体积缩小率分别为72.8%、81.5%,月经量明显减少,贫血状况及压迫症状改善.结论 选择性子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫肌瘤微创、安全、有效,可明显改善患者临床症状,并且保留了子宫,提高患者生活质量.     

双侧子宫动脉栓塞术在子宫肌瘤中的应用132例分析

目的评价双侧子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效。方法采用双侧子宫动脉栓塞术治疗132例子宫肌瘤患者,栓塞材料选用PVA颗粒或真丝微粒。结果血管造影示子宫肌瘤均由双侧子宫动脉供血,栓塞后肌瘤血供完全阻断;子宫肌瘤术后随访1~6个月,经B超测量术后6个月时肌瘤体积缩小均达66%以上。结论双侧子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫肌瘤创伤小,近期疗效显著。     

子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤49例临床分析

目的 观察经双侧子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效。方法选择子宫肌瘤患者49例，采用seldinger技术行双侧子宫动脉DSA造影插管。确认超选到子宫动脉后，注入PVA栓塞颗粒，阻断肌瘤血液供应，术后3个月、6个月观察疗效。结果子宫动脉栓塞术后，肌瘤及子宫体积缩小约45％-55％，月经恢复正常，贫血改善，其相伴的压迫症状减轻或消失。结论子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫肌瘤，方法简单，创伤小，且能完整保留子宫功能，近期疗效明显，是子宫肌瘤新的微创治疗方法。     

彩色多普勒在子宫肌瘤介入治疗前后的应用价值

目的 探讨彩色多普勒评价子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫肌瘤疗效的价值。方法 应用彩色多普勒血流图(CDFI)观察18例子宫肌瘤患者，其中行子宫双侧动脉栓塞术10例，左侧7例，右侧1例，术后1—3个月复查。结果 ①术后肌瘤回声明显改变，瘤体内无血流或减少；②术后子宫体积、肌瘤体积逐渐缩小，3个月时分别较术前缩小75．68％(P＜0．01)、76．87％(P＜0．01)；③临床症状明显减轻或消失。结论 CDFI是无创观察栓塞术前后子宫肌瘤变化的有效手段，对术前诊断、术后疗效观察以及临床选择治疗方法等具有重要价值。     

症状性子宫肌瘤介入治疗的临床疗效评价

目的评价选择性子宫动脉栓塞术在症状性子宫肌瘤治疗中的临床应用效果。方法62例子宫肌瘤患者均采用经皮股动脉穿刺双侧子宫动脉插管,术后随访至少3～12个月,观察其临床症状及肌瘤大小变化。结果数字减影血管造影(DSA)发现,子宫肌瘤血供丰富,由双侧子宫动脉供血,部分患者卵巢动脉也参与供血,栓塞冶疗后子宫肌瘤血供被完全阻断。术后3、6、12个月随访,全部病例症状改善率92.8%,术后子宫体积平均缩小45.3%,肌瘤体积平均缩小46.2%,无严重并发症发生。结论超选择性双侧子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤是一种微创、安全、有效的新方法。     

子宫肌瘤动脉栓塞介入治疗

目的：研究选择子宫动脉栓塞术治疗症状性子宫肌瘤的临床疗效。方法：96例症状性子宫骨瘤选择性双侧子宫动脉插管造影明确子宫肌瘤供血后，分别行栓塞术。结果：本组子宫均表现为双侧子宫动脉供血，并行一次性双侧栓塞，技术成功率100鬈，压迫症状均缓解，肌瘤体积明显缩小，月经周期恢复正常。结论：选择性子宫动脉栓塞术治疗症状性肌瘤是一项安全，有效的新技术。     

子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤初探

目的探讨子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效。方法采用Seldinger技术，行双侧髂内动脉-子宫动脉造影，了解子宫肌瘤的血供关系，再行相关选择性栓塞子宫肌瘤的供血动脉。结果24例患者中21例由双侧子宫动脉供血，占87．4％，3例由单侧子宫动脉供血，占12．6％。栓塞肌瘤供血动脉后患者原有症状消失。1、6、12个月后B超复查肌瘤，平均缩小41．57％、59．40％、70．04％，子宫体积缩小43．49％、63．08％、71．29％。总有效率为100％。结论子宫肌瘤供血动脉的栓塞是目前治疗子宫肌瘤的有效方法。     

子宫肌瘤介入栓塞治疗34例分析

目的 评价经导管子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤的疗效。方法 34例子宫肌瘤患均采用超选择性双侧子宫动脉插管方法，注射聚乙烯醇（PVA）和明胶海绵栓塞。结果 所有病例随访1－15个月（平均6个月），总的症状改善率91．2％（31／34），表现为月经增多症状均有不同程度改善，下腹部胀痛消失，栓塞后肌瘤均有缩小，B提示瘤体缩小1／3或以上达79．4％（27／34）。结论 子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤病是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤的初步研究

目的 评价经导管子宫动脉栓塞法对子宫肌瘤的治疗作用。方法 28例病人（年龄36－48岁，平均41岁），有子宫肌瘤，顽固性阴道出血和腹痛，用PVA微粒行子宫动脉栓塞。术后3－12个月（平均5月）通过调查评估临床症状的改善。术前和术后3个月CT测量子宫和主要肿块的大小。结果 所有28例病人在技术上均成功栓塞。28名患中18名完成了调查表，显示症状明显好转的15例，无症状改善的1例，CT检查证实子宫体积和主要瘤体均大幅度缩小（平均缩小40％－65％）。结论 子宫动脉栓塞是一种很有希望的治疗子宫肌瘤导致的经血过多和盆腔疼痛的有效方法之一。     

Prospective sonographic assessment of uterine artery embolization for the treatment of fibroids.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate sonographic features following uterine artery embolization and to assess using ultrasound the efficacy of embolization as the primary treatment of fibroids. DESIGN: Fifty-eight women (mean age, 44.5 years; range, 33-65 years) suffering from symptoms due to fibroids (menometrorrhagia, bulk-related symptoms, pelvic pain) were followed-up after uterine artery embolization by ultrasound examination at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years with assessment of volume and vascularization of fibroids as well as uterine vascularization. RESULTS: Fifty-eight patients were examined at 3 months, 46 at 6 months, 36 at 1 year and 19 at 2 years. Most patients were improved or free of symptoms at 3 months (90%), 6 months (92%) and 1 year (87%) and all monitored patients were free of symptoms at 2 years. Clinical failure of treatment occurred in only two cases (3%). Progressive significant reduction in fibroid size with reference to the baseline was demonstrated during follow-up from 3 months (-29%) to 24 months (-86%). Absence of intrafibroid vessels was observed in all except three cases as early as 3 months, whereas perifibroid vessels persisted in 21 cases. No changes in uterine vascularization or uterine artery resistance were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Uterine artery embolization is a valuable endovascular method for the treatment of fibroids, resulting in marked reduction in fibroid size and disappearance of intrafibroid vessels without reduction in uterine vascularization which is well depicted by sonography.     

Role of uterine artery Doppler flow in fibroid embolization.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether Doppler flow measurements are useful in predicting variables associated with uterine fibroid embolization, including shrinkage of the uterus and myomas, adenomyosis, and uterine fibroid embolization failure. METHODS: A group of 227 patients with menorrhagia or postmenopausal bleeding secondary to uterine myomas were evaluated with uterine artery Doppler flow sonography before uterine fibroid embolization. Doppler flow measurements were repeated 6 months after uterine fibroid embolization for 188 of the patients. Data were analyzed for correlations between peak systolic velocity and uterine fibroid embolization patient data, including size and shrinkage of the uterus and myomas, embolization particle size, adenomyosis, and uterine fibroid embolization failure. RESULTS: Initial peak systolic velocity was positively correlated with the size and shrinkage of myomas and uterine volume. Peak systolic velocity was positively correlated with the size and load of embolization particles and was significantly lower (mean, 33.2 cm/s) in patients with adenomyosis than those without adenomyosis (mean, 39.3 cm/s). High peak systolic velocity (>64 cm/s) was a significant predictor of failure. Postembolization peak systolic velocity (mean, 21.85 cm/s) was significantly lower than preembolization peak systolic velocity (mean, 40.33 cm/s) and was not correlated with uterine fibroid embolization variables. CONCLUSIONS: Doppler flow measurements can aid in predicting adenomyosis and uterine fibroid embolization failure. Postembolization peak systolic velocity did not show value.     

Use of transvaginal ultrasonography with color Doppler imaging to determine an appropriate treatment regimen for uterine fibroids with a GnRH agonist before surgery: a preliminary study.

The aim was to obtain data that could be used to determine the most appropriate treatment regimen for uterine fibroids with a gonadotropin releasing hormone analog (goserelin) before surgery. Fifteen premenopausal women (aged 27-53 years; mean 40 years) were referred from a gynecological outpatients' clinic. They all had uterine fibroids and were awaiting hysterectomy or myomectomy. All women were scheduled to receive an implant of goserelin (3.6 mg), undergo transvaginal ultrasonography and have a sample of peripheral blood taken at monthly intervals for 6 months. The main outcome measures were fibroid size and indices of blood flow (the pulsatility index and peak systolic velocity) in both uterine arteries and the principal artery supplying the largest fibroid. The concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone, estradiol, luteinizing hormone and progesterone were measured in peripheral plasma. Twelve women (80%) completed 2 months of treatment, but only three (20%) completed the study (due to side-effects of the drug). After 2 months of treatment, the plasma hormone levels were all in the low-normal range; the mean fibroid volume had decreased by 53% and the mean peak systolic blood velocity in the fibroid artery had decreased by 45%. Mean changes in all indices were < 10% over the next 4 months of treatment. Six women (40%) had fibroids with an initial volume of > 100 ml; these tumors showed the largest reduction in size. We conclude that women with a uterine fibroid of > 100 ml are the best candidates for treatment with goserelin (3.6 mg/month) before surgery. Two months' treatment effects a marked reduction in fibroid volume and blood flow and is associated with good compliance.     

Uterine fibroid embolization

Interventional radiologists have performed uterine artery embolization to treat women with emergency uterine bleeding since the 1970s. In this procedure, the physician guides a small angiographic catheter into the uterine arteries and injects a stream of tiny particles that decreases blood flow to the uterus. It is now considered a safe and highly effective nonsurgical treatment of women with symptomatic uterine fibroid tumors. Uterine fibroid embolization has several advantages over conventional hormonal suppression and surgical procedures, including avoidance of the side effects of drug therapy and the physical and psychologic trauma of surgery. In addition, after uterine fibroid embolization, patients can normally resume their usual activities several weeks earlier than they can after hysterectomy. Along with hysteroscopic resection, myolysis and laparoscopic myomectomy, uterine fibroid embolization widens treatment options for patients who desire to avoid hysterectomy.     

Uterine artery embolization: sonographic imaging findings.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the sonographic and angiographic imaging findings before and after uterine fibroid embolization for symptomatic leiomyoma. METHODS: This prospective study involved 14 premenopausal women who underwent uterine fibroid embolization for symptomatic leiomyoma. Preprocedure sonography with color Doppler imaging was performed. Bilateral uterine artery embolization was successfully performed with the use of polyvinyl alcohol. Follow-up sonographic examinations were performed between 1 and 3 months after the procedure. The correlation between the sonographic appearance before and after embolization and the degree of decrease in uterine size was evaluated by using the Jonckheere-Terpstra 2-sided P test. RESULTS: Preprocedure sonographic imaging showed a varied appearance to the fibroids. Color Doppler imaging primarily showed the fibroids to be vascular with marked peripheral blood flow. Postprocedure sonographic imaging showed decreased uterine size and echogenicity. Color Doppler imaging showed a marked decrease in the blood flow to the leiomyoma. There was no statistical significance in the relationship between echogenicity and vascularity shown before the procedure and the percent decrease in the size of the uterus. CONCLUSIONS: Although sonography is an efficient method for identifying leiomyomata and determining the reduction in size after uterine artery embolization, we were unable to identify any predictive characteristics of success for aiding the preprocedural assessment.     

平阳霉素乳剂栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤的远期效果分析

目的探讨碘油平阳霉素乳剂经导管子宫动脉栓塞（LPE—TUAE）治疗子宫肌瘤的远期疗效及安全性。方法243例子宫肌瘤患者行LPE—TUAE治疗,其中14例于栓塞后3d至6个月行妇科手术切除,标本送病检。另229例随访1-4年,观察症状改善、肌瘤大小与子宫体积变化、卵巢内分泌功能改变及术后并发症。结果月经恢复正常或经血显著减少占96．0％（193／201）：下腹部、腰腿胀痛消失或明显缓解占94．9％（94／99）,压迫症状消失或显著减轻占96．0％（48／50）。B超复查,栓塞后1年、2年、3年和4年肌瘤平均体积缩小率分别为60．7％、63．3％、65．6％和67．4％,子宫平均体积缩小率分别为49．6％、54．3％、55．2％和57．1％．栓后3-4年肌瘤复发率10．8％（12／111）。卵巢内分泌功能观察栓塞前后无显著变化。手术标本病理观察,碘油仅分布于肌瘤组织,栓后2周肌瘤出现点状坏死,3周出现大量片状坏死,而正常子宫肌组织未见坏死。未见严重并发症发生。结论LPE—TUAE治疗子宫肌瘤具有较好的远期疗效,对卵巢功能及正常子宫肌组织无明显损害,无严重并发症发生。     

Uterine fibroid tumors: diagnosis and treatment

The incidence of uterine fibroid tumors increases as women grow older, and they may occur in more than 30 percent of women 40 to 60 years of age. Risk factors include nulliparity, obesity, family history, black race, and hypertension. Many tumors are asymptomatic and may be diagnosed incidentally. Although a causal relationship has not been established, fibroid tumors are associated with menorrhagia, pelvic pain, pelvic or urinary obstructive symptoms, infertility, and pregnancy loss. Transvaginal ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, sonohysterography, and hysteroscopy are available to evaluate the size and position of tumors. Ultrasonography should be used initially because it is the least invasive and most cost-effective investigation. Treatment options include hysterectomy, myomectomy, uterine artery embolization, myolysis, and medical therapy. Treatment must be individualized based on such considerations as the presence and severity of symptoms, the patient's desire for definitive treatment, the desire to preserve childbearing capacity, the importance of uterine preservation, infertility related to uterine cavity distortions, and previous pregnancy complications related to fibroid tumors.