37例前列腺癌三维适形放疗的预后分析

目的分析前列腺癌三维适形放疗的疗效及预后因素.方法 对37例前列腺癌患者进行三维适形放疗,24例行三维适形放疗前接受双侧睾丸切除,4例行放疗去势.20例同时服用艾去适内分泌化疗药物9～12个月.采用三维适形放疗技术照射前列腺靶区,5次/周,2 Gy/次.肿瘤中位剂量72 Gy（60～76 Gy）.用Longrank进行单因素,Cox进行多因素分析.结果 中位随访27个月（6～107个月）,随访率为95%.3、5年生存率分别为80%、70%.单因素分析显示年龄、治疗前PSA水平、有无区域淋巴结转移、是否合并远处转移、靶区照射剂量及是否采用综合治疗对生存期有影响.多因素分析显示治疗前PSA水平、靶区照射剂量及是否采取综合治疗3个因素影响预后.结论 前列腺癌三维适形放疗安全有效,治疗前PSA水平、靶区照射剂量及是否采取综合治疗是预后的影响因素.     

前列腺癌三维适形放射治疗的初步研究(附7例报告)

目的观察前列腺癌三维适形放射治疗的疗效和毒副反应.方法7例前列腺患者采用三维适形放射治疗技术,先大野照射40～46Gy,利用适形治疗技术对前列腺和精囊加量至70Gy.与1990年至1999年期间45例常规放射治疗进行对照.结果中位随访期24个月,2年无PSA失败生存率为100%.有4例发生1级急性胃肠道反应,1例2级反应和1例3级反应.胃肠道后期反应为1例1级反应和1例3级反应.泌尿系统后期反应仅1例3级反应.结论适形治疗结果较满意.在准确的分期和靶区勾划基础上,采用全程适形治疗才能有利于保护直肠,从而有利于提高肿瘤的剂量.     

Patient positioning using detailed three-dimensional surface data for patients undergoing conformal radiation therapy for carcinoma of the prostate: a feasibility study

PURPOSE: The increasing complexity of radiotherapy highlights the need for accurate setup. This paper assesses the potential of position corrections, derived from the three-dimensional (3D) surface of the patient, in reducing positioning errors in patients undergoing conformal radiation therapy of the prostate. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty patients undergoing conformal radiation therapy for prostate cancer had planning computed tomography (CT) scans and then weekly treatment CT scans over the course of their treatment. Patients were positioned on the CT table using three coplanar tattoo marks used for patient setup on the accelerator. Surfaces were computed from the planning CT (planning surface), and the treatment CT (treatment surfaces). Using a surface matching utility, the planning and treatment 3D surfaces were compared. The prostate was implicitly localized based on surface matching of the external contour and by matching the bony anatomy. The resultant prostate displacement after correction was assessed for the two localization methods. RESULTS: Correcting patient position via the surface comparisons reduced the standard deviation of prostate displacement with respect to the patient isocenter in the lateral and anterior/posterior directions. In the lateral direction, prostate and surface motion was highly correlated (r = 0.96). In the anterior/posterior direction the corrections from the surface data were as effective as those derived from the bony anatomy. CONCLUSION: Detailed surface data can aid the positioning of patients receiving conformal radiation therapy to the prostate by reducing the displacement of the target from the intended treatment position. This study shows that surface corrections can be as effective as those derived from bony anatomy, and may be exploited where definition of bony anatomy is difficult.     

Hypofractionated three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy for primary liver carcinoma

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the tolerance and efficacy of hypofractionated three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) with or without transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for technically unresectable or medically inoperable primary liver carcinoma (PLC). METHODS: Between April 1999 and August 2003, 128 patients with a clinical diagnosis of PLC received hypofractionated 3DCRT at Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Medical University. Both hypofractionated 3DCRT and TACE were used to treat 48 of these 128 patients. Liver cirrhosis of Child-Pugh Grade A was found in 108 patients, and Grade B was found in 20 patients. The mean gross tumor volume (GTV) was 459 +/- 430 cm3. A mean total irradiation dose of 53.6 +/- 6.6 Gy was delivered at an average fraction of 4.88 +/- 0.47 Gy, 3 times a week using 8-MV photons. RESULTS: The median follow-up time after 3DCRT was 12 months (range, 2-56 mos.). The immediate response rate was 55%. The overall survival rates at 1, 2, and 3 years were 65%, 43%, and 33%, respectively, with a median survival of 20 months (range, 7-31 mos.). Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) Grade 2 acute gastrointestinal complications developed in 8 patients, whereas 4 patients developed Grade 3 late gastrointestinal complications. Radiation-induced liver disease (RILD) developed in 19 (15%) patients, of which 12 had Child-Pugh Grade B liver cirrhosis, and 7 had Grade A. GTV and associated liver cirrhosis were identified by Cox regression analysis as independent predictors for survival (P = 0.044 and 0.015). CONCLUSIONS: Hypofractionated 3DCRT is effective in carefully selected patients with PLC. Gastrointestinal complications and RILD were the most distinct complications.     

Outcome and predictive factors for patients with Gleason score 7 prostate carcinoma treated with three-dimensional conformal external beam radiation therapy

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the biochemical outcome and factors predictive of outcome in prostate carcinoma patients with Gleason score 7 tumors who were treated with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT). METHODS: Between August 1990 and October 1997, 163 T1-T3NXM0 prostate carcinoma patients with Gleason score 7 were treated with definitive 3DCRT alone. The median follow-up, International Commission on Radiological Units dose, and pretreatment prostate specific antigen (PSA) for the entire group were 50 months, 76 grays (Gy), and 11.4 ng/mL, respectively. Independent predictors based on multivariate results were used to stratify the patients into prognostic groups for which biochemical no evidence of disease (bNED) control was reported. Biochemical NED failure was defined according to the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology Consensus Panel definition. RESULTS: The 5-year bNED control for all patients was 66%. Stratified by pretreatment PSA, 5-year bNED control rates were 83%, 65%, and 21% for 0-9.9 ng/mL, 10-19.9 ng/mL, and > or =20 ng/mL, respectively. Dose to the central axis was found to be a significant treatment factor, with patients receiving > or =76 Gy experiencing 76% 5-year bNED control versus 54% when treated with <76 Gy to isocenter. Pretreatment PSA, dose, and palpation stage were significant independent predictors for bNED control upon multivariate analysis. Patients with a PSA <10 ng/mL who received a dose of > or =76 Gy had excellent 5-year bNED control of 100% compared with 50% bNED if patients had PSA >10 ng/mL or received radiation therapy doses of <76 Gy. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with Gleason score 7 adenocarcinoma who had a pretreatment PSA <10 ng/mL and received doses of > or =76 Gy had excellent 5-year bNED control, emphasizing the importance of higher central axis doses in treating Gleason 7 tumors. Patients with intermediate PSA (10-19.9 ng/mL) also required doses > or =76 Gy. Pretreatment PSA > or = 20 ng/mL portends a very poor bNED outcome for Gleason 7 patients treated with radiation therapy alone, and thus efforts should be directed toward multimodal or long term hormonal treatment strategies.     

Validation of a treatment policy for patients with prostate specific antigen failure after three-dimensional conformal prostate radiation therapy

BACKGROUND: The objective of this report was to present an outcomes validation for the Fox Chase Cancer Center (FCCC) management policy for patients who demonstrate prostate specific antigen (PSA) failure after receiving three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT). METHODS: Eligible patients included 248 men with T1-T3N0M0 prostate carcinoma who demonstrated PSA failure (according to the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology definition) after completing definitive 3DCRT alone or with androgen deprivation (AD) therapy between May 1989 and November 1997. The primary endpoint evaluated was freedom from distant metastasis (FDM). The secondary endpoints evaluated included cause specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). The variables evaluated in the multivariate analyses (MVA) included initial PSA, Gleason score, T classification, dose, PSA nadir, time to PSA failure, PSA doubling time (PSADT), initial use of AD therapy, and the use of AD therapy upon PSA failure. RESULTS: The 5-year FDM, CSS, and OS rates for the entire group were 76%, 92%, and 76%, respectively. It was found that four variables were independent predictors of FDM: Gleason score (P = 0.0039), PSA nadir (P = 0.0001), PSADT (P = 0.0001), and the use of AD on PSA failure (P = 0.0001). One hundred forty-eight men demonstrated a PSADT < 12 months. AD therapy was started in 59 men, and 89 men refused AD therapy and were observed. The use of AD therapy was associated with a significant improvement in the 5-year FDM rate (57% vs. 78%; P = 0.0026). In the group of men with PSADT < 12 months, the median time to distant failure was significantly longer in the men who received AD therapy (6 months vs. 25 months; P = 0.02). Of the 100 men with a PSADT > or = 12 months, 89 men were observed, and 11 men received AD therapy. There was no improvement in the 5-year FDM rate with the use of AD therapy compared with observation (88% vs. 92%, respectively; P = 0.74). CONCLUSIONS: The current results validate the use of PSADT as an indicator of patients who may be observed expectantly or treated with AD therapy for PSA failure after 3DCRT. Prospective trials are needed to define further the optimal treatment for these patients.     

Defining biochemical cure for prostate carcinoma patients treated with external beam radiation therapy.

BACKGROUND: The authors retrospectively reviewed their institution's long term experience with conventional external beam radiation therapy (RT) for localized prostate carcinoma to identify criteria associated with long term biochemical cure. METHODS: Between January 1987 and December 1994, 871 patients were treated with external beam RT alone for clinically localized prostate carcinoma at William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan. All patients received only external beam RT to a median total dose of 66.6 grays (Gy) (range, 59.4-70.4 Gy). No patient received hormonal therapy unless treatment failure was documented. The median follow-up was 5.0 years (range, 0. 2-11.8 years). Biochemical failure was defined according to the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology Consensus Panel definition. RESULTS: In the entire study group, 380 patients experienced biochemical failure at a median interval of 1.5 years after the completion of RT. The 5-year and 7-year actuarial rates of biochemical control were 50% and 48%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, a higher pretreatment prostate specific antigen (PSA) level, higher Gleason score, higher clinical T classification, higher nadir level, and shorter time interval to nadir all were associated significantly with biochemical failure (P < 0.001). The median intervals to biochemical failure for patients with pretreatment PSA levels /= 20.0 ng/mL were 2.2 years, 1.5 years, and 1.2 years, respectively (P < 0. 001). The median intervals to biochemical failure for patients with Gleason scores of 2-4, 5-7, and 8-10 were 1.8 years, 1.5 years, and 1.1 years, respectively (P < 0.001). Only 6 patients failed beyond 5 years after treatment even though 136 patients were at risk for failure beyond this point. When restricting analysis to 643 patients (74%) with >/= 3 years of PSA follow-up, the median nadir level for biochemically controlled patients was 0.6 ng/mL and occurred at a median interval of 1.9 years after RT versus a median nadir level of 1.3 ng/mL (P = 0.002) occurring at a median interval of 1.0 years (P < 0.001) in those patients who experienced biochemical failure. Patients were divided into subgroups based on their PSA nadir level and time to nadir. The 5-year actuarial biochemical control rates for patients with nadir values of /= 4.0 ng/mL were 78%, 60%, 50%, 20%, and 9%, respectively (P < 0.001). The 5-year actuarial biochemical control rates for patients who reached their nadir at < 1.0 years, 1.0-1.9 years, 2.0-2.9 years, and >/= 3.0 years were 30%, 52%, 64%, and 92%, respectively (P < 0.001). All 52 patients who achieved a nadir of /= 2.0 years to reach this nadir had biochemically controlled disease. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a patient has a high likelihood of biochemical cure after treatment for prostate carcinoma with conventional doses of external beam RT if he has not demonstrated biochemical failure within 5 years of treatment. Patients with lower pretreatment PSA levels and lower Gleason scores may require longer follow-up than those with less favorable characteristics to achieve the same certainty of cure. Patients who achieve a PSA nadir /= 2.0 years to reach this nadir have the highest probability of cure.     

Long-term results of three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy for patients with rhabdomyosarcoma

BACKGROUND: The authors evaluated the outcome of patients with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) who were treated with three-dimensional (3D) conformal radiation therapy (RT) at a single institution. METHODS: The records of all 69 patients with RMS who received 3D RT from 1989 to 2001 were reviewed. All patients received multiagent chemotherapy with or without surgical resection. Follow-up of surviving patients ranged from 1.0 year to 12.8 years (median, 4.3 years). RESULTS: The median patient age was 6 years (range, 1-29 years), and there was a male:female ratio of 1.5:1. Forty-eight patients had embryonal sarcomas, 14 patients had alveolar sarcomas, and 7 patients had undifferentiated sarcomas. The parameningeal area (n = 22 patients) and the trunk (n = 21 patients) were the most common sites. Twelve percent of patients had Stage I disease, 10% of patients had Stage II disease, 51% of patients had Stage III disease, and 27% of patients had Stage V disease. Nine percent of patients were in clinical Group II, 64% of patients were in Group III, and 27% of patients were in Group IV. Regional lymph nodes were involved in 33% of patients, and 77% of tumors measured > or = 5 cm in greatest dimension. The actuarial 5-year local and regional control rates were 90% and 91%, respectively. No predictive factors for local failure were identified; however, alveolar histology was correlated with regional recurrence (29% compared with 4%; P = 0.02). The disease free and overall survival rates were 60% and 63% at 5 years, respectively. Disease stage was most predictive of 5-year survival (76% of patients with Stage I-III disease compared with 24% of patients with Stage IV disease; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: High rates of local control were achieved in patients with RMS using 3D RT. Regional lymph node failure was increased significantly among patients with alveolar histology. Control of metastatic disease remains a formidable problem for patients with Stage IV RMS.     

Use of benchmark dose-volume histograms for selection of the optimal technique between three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy and intensity-modulated radiation therapy in prostate cancer

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to develop and validate our own benchmark dose-volume histograms (DVHs) of bladder and rectum for both conventional three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), and to evaluate quantitatively the benefits of using IMRT vs. 3D-CRT in treating localized prostate cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS: During the implementation of IMRT for prostate cancer, our policy was to plan each patient with both 3D-CRT and IMRT. This study included 31 patients with T1b to T2c localized prostate cancer, for whom we completed double-planning using both 3D-CRT and IMRT techniques. The target volumes included prostate, either with or without proximal seminal vesicles. Bladder and rectum DVH data were summarized to obtain an average DVH for each technique and then compared using two-tailed paired t test analysis. RESULTS: For 3D-CRT our bladder doses were as follows: mean 28.8 Gy, v60 16.4%, v70 10.9%; rectal doses were: mean 39.3 Gy, v60 21.8%, v70 13.6%. IMRT plans resulted in similar mean dose values: bladder 26.4 Gy, rectum 34.9 Gy, but lower values of v70 for the bladder (7.8%) and rectum (9.3%). These benchmark DVHs have resulted in a critical evaluation of our 3D-CRT techniques over time. CONCLUSION: Our institution has developed benchmark DVHs for bladder and rectum based on our clinical experience with 3D-CRT and IMRT. We use these standards as well as differences in individual cases to make decisions on whether patients may benefit from IMRT treatment rather than 3D-CRT.     

Dose escalation with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy affects the outcome in prostate cancer

Purpose: Three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) is a technique designed to deliver prescribed radiation doses to localized tumors with high precision, while effectively excluding the surrounding normal tissues. It facilitates tumor dose escalation which should overcome the relative resistance of tumor clonogens to conventional radiation dose levels. The present study was undertaken to test this hypothesis in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer.Methods and Materials: A total of 743 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer were treated with 3D-CRT. As part of a phase I study, the tumor target dose was increased from 64.8 to 81 Gy in increments of 5.4 Gy. Tumor response was evaluated by post-treatment decrease of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) to levels of ≤1.0 ng/ml and by sextant prostate biopsies performed ≥2.5 years after completion of 3D-CRT. PSA relapse-free survival was used to evaluate long-term outcome. The median follow-up was 3 years (range: 1–7.6 years).Results: Induction of an initial clinical response was dose-dependent, with 90% of patients receiving 75.6 or 81.0 Gy achieving a PSA nadir ≤1.0 ng compared with 76% and 56% for those treated with 70.2 Gy and 64.8 Gy, respectively (p < 0.001). The 5-year actuarial PSA relapse-free survival for patients with favorable prognostic indicators (stage T1-2, pretreatment PSA ≤10.0 ng/ml and Gleason score ≤6) was 85%, compared to 65% for those with intermediate prognosis (one of the prognostic indicators with a higher value) and 35% for the group with unfavorable prognosis (two or more indicators with higher values) (p < 0.001). PSA relapse-free survival was significantly improved in patients with intermediate and unfavorable prognosis receiving ≥75.6 Gy (p < 0.05). A positive biopsy at ≥2.5 years after 3D-CRT was observed in only 1/15 (7%) of patients receiving 81.0 Gy, compared with 12/25 (48%) after 75.6 Gy, 19/42 (45%) after 70.2 Gy, and 13/23 (57%) after 64.8 Gy (p < 0.05).Conclusions: The data provide evidence for a significant effect of dose escalation on the response of human prostate cancer to irradiation and defines new standards for curative radiotherapy in this disease.     

Escalated dose for non-small-cell lung cancer with accelerated hypofractionated three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To prospectively assess the feasibility and efficacy of a hypofractionated accelerated radiotherapy regimen (72 Gy in 24 daily fractions, 3 Gy per fraction) in patients (pts) with non-resectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We included 25 pts with a histologically or cytologically proven NSCLC, with KPS > or = 70 and < or =10% weight loss over prior three months, and with tumour stage I/II medically inoperable (9 pts) or non-resectable stage III a/b without pleural effusion (16 pts). Eleven pts received induction chemotherapy. No more than 30% of the combined lung volume could receive more than 25 Gy and the maximal biological effective dose to the spinal cord was maintained below 44 Gy. RESULTS: No grade-4 acute toxicity event was reported. Two pts had a treatment break because of grade-3 acute oesophagitis. Twenty-two pts were evaluable for long-term toxicity (median follow-up=9.7 months, range 4 to 30.2 months). There were 4 Grade-1 pulmonary and 2 Grade-1 oesophageal long-term toxicity events. Twenty-two pts were evaluable for tumour response with 7 complete and 8 partial responses, 5 stable diseases and 2 progressive diseases. The actuarial 1-year overall and thoracic-progression-free survival rates were 68% and 72% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the feasibility of the experimental radiotherapy schedule, however more data are needed to confirm its efficacy.     

Long term tolerance of high dose three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy in patients with localized prostate carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The current study was undertaken to evaluate the incidence and predictors of late toxicity in patients with localized prostate carcinoma treated with high dose three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT). METHODS: A total of 743 patients with prostate carcinoma classified as T1c-T3 were treated with 3D-CRT that targeted the prostate and seminal vesicles. A minimum tumor dose of 64.8 gray (Gy) was given to 96 patients (13%), 70.2 Gy to 266 patients (365), 75.6 Gy to 320 patients (43%), and 81.0 Gy to 61 patients (8%). The median follow-up time was 42 months (range, 18-109 months). Late toxicity was graded according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group morbidity scoring scale. RESULTS: Late gastrointestinal (GI) and urinary (GU) toxicities were absent or minimal (Grade 0 or 1) in 90% of patients. The 5-year actuarial likelihood of the development of Grade 2 and 3 late GI toxicities was 11% and 0.75%, respectively. A multivariate analysis identified doses > or =75.6 Gy (P<0.001), history of diabetes mellitus (P = 0.01), and the presence of acute GI symptoms during treatment (P = 0.02) as independent predictors of Grade > or =2 late GI toxicity. The 5-year actuarial likelihood of the development of Grade 2 and 3 late GU toxicities was 10% and 3%, respectively. Doses > or =75.6 Gy (P = 0.008) and acute GU symptoms (P<0.001) were independent predictors of Grade > or =2 late GU toxicity. Among 544 patients who were potent before treatment (73% of all patients), 211 (39%) became impotent after 3D-CRT. The 5-year actuarial risk of potency loss was 60%. Doses > or =75.6 Gy (P<0.001) and the use of neoadjuvant androgen deprivation (P = 0.01) were independent predictors of posttreatment erectile dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of severe late complications after high dose 3D-CRT was minimal. Radiation doses > or =75.6 Gy and the presence of acute treatment-related symptoms during 3D-CRT correlated with a higher incidence of Grade > or =2 late GI and GU toxicities. In addition to higher doses, the use of androgen deprivation therapy increased the likelihood of permanent impotence in these patients. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy, which makes it possible to enhance the conformality of the dose distribution, has recently been implemented in an attempt to reduce the incidence of moderate grade toxicities in patients receiving high dose 3D-CRT.     

原发性肝癌三维适形放疗的临床研究

目的：观察评价三维适形放射治疗技术（3DCRT）治疗原发性肝癌的有效性和安全性。方法：单试验组、开放性临床研究，共入组44例原发性肝癌，均为病理明确诊断的初治患者，肿瘤直径〈5cm者6例、5～10cm者23例、〉10cm者15例。单次剂量3～4Gy，每周3～4次，DT36～60Gy。按照WHO标准评价客观疗效，正常组织反应按美国肿瘤放射治疗协作组（RTOG）标准评价。结果：44例患者中，可评价疗效患者有43例，其中CR3例，PR25例，NC10例，PD5例，有效率（RR）为65．1％；疾病控制率（DCR）为88．4％。TTP为52～662天，中位TTP为306天，1年生存率为62．8％。主要毒副反应为可逆性近期轻度胃肠道反应和骨髓抑制，放疗中肝脏放射损伤1级3例，1例有乙肝病史患者于放疗结束6个月时出现严重肝功能损害。结论：三维适形放射治疗原发性肝癌能延长生存，提高生活质量，毒副作用可控制。     

Quality of life changes during conformal radiation therapy for prostate carcinoma

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to describe prospectively quality of life (QOL) before and after radiotherapy for patients with prostate carcinoma. METHODS: Forty-three patients with T1-T3 prostate carcinoma who underwent conformal external beam radiation therapy were randomized either to the complete European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QOL questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) or the Medical Outcomes Study Group Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) at baseline, at 3 weeks and 6 weeks after initial treatment, and at 6 weeks and 5 months after the completion of radiotherapy. The measures were self-reported patient QOL, and values are given as the mean +/- standard error of the mean. Changes in QOL are described from baseline to the end of treatment in both questionnaire groups. RESULTS: Emotional role functioning, as measured with the SF-36 questionnaire, significantly improved from 68.2 +/- 9.9 at baseline to 93.3 +/- 5.2 at the end of therapy (P = 0.02). The EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire revealed consistent values of emotional functioning during treatment (72.7 +/- 5.9 at baseline) but showed a significant improvement 6 weeks after therapy (89.0 +/- 4.4; P = 0.01). Role functioning deteriorated from 80.1 +/- 6.5 at baseline to 62.5 +/- 8.8 at the end of radiotherapy (P = 0.02). Symptoms of fatigue were shown to increase significantly from 26.9 +/- 6.0 at baseline to 37.7 +/- 7.6 at the end of therapy (P = 0.02). No significant changes in the other dimensions were observed in either questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS: After radiotherapy for prostate carcinoma, patients experience a temporary deterioration of fatigue and role functioning, as measured with the EORTC QLQ-C-30. Despite physical deterioration, the authors observed an improvement in emotional functioning scores with both questionnaires. This may have been due to psychological adaptation and coping.     

介入联合三维适形和调强放疗治疗中晚期肝癌

目的:探讨利用介入治疗联合三维适形放疗(3-DCRT)和调强放疗(IMRT)对中晚期肝癌进行综合治疗的疗效。方法:确诊的中晚期原发性肝癌62例分为2组,A组22例先行动脉化疗栓塞(transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, TACE)治疗后再行3-DCRT(18例)和IMRT(4例),B组40例单纯行TACE治疗。比较两组的近期疗效和毒副反应。结果:A组完全缓解(CR)2例,部分缓解(PR)11例,总有效率(CR PR)为59．1％;B组CR 0例,PR 13例;(CR PR)为32．5％。A组近期疗效优于B组, z=2．258,P=0．023 8。肝脏急性不良反应,A组4例,B组2例,差异无统计学意义,P>0．05。结论:介入治疗联合3-DCRT能提高中晚期肝癌的近期疗效,不增加肝脏急性不良反应。     

盆腔肿瘤三维适形放疗摆位重复性研究

目的研究盆腔肿瘤三维适形放疗的摆位误差大小,为盆腔肿瘤适形放疗计划设计时CTV外放PTV提供参考数据。方法接受放疗的直肠癌病例3例和前列腺癌病例2例,均为男性,行俯卧位盆腔三维适形放疗。每例病例治疗时身下垫有孔泡沫板,连续5 d摆位照射,每次摆位时在患者体表固定点粘贴定位金点,热塑成型固定膜固定,加速器机头插入与治疗中心一致的定位“+”字刻度板,照射正侧位治疗验证片各1张,共计摆位25次,照射治疗验证片50张。以第1次摆位片为标准,计算前后、头尾、左右方向摆位误差。结果5例病例25次摆位误差,人与人间以及次与次间均存在一定差别。前后方向摆位误差最大,平均值为(0．98±0．68)cm,有9次摆位误差≥1 cm,占测算次数的45%,其中2次误差≥2 cm；头尾方向摆位误差为[(0．50～0．70)±0．45]cm,正位测定误差小于侧位,分别为(0．51±0．46)、(0．70±0．45)cm,正位和侧位分别有4次和7次摆位误差≥1 cm；左右方向误差最小,为(0．37±0．28)cm,仅1次误差≥1 cm。结论在三维适形技术放疗盆腔肿瘤时．左右方向摆位误差最小,头尾方向居中,前后方向最大；CTV外放PTV应考虑左右方向0．5 cm,头尾方向1．0 cm,前后方向1．5 cm。     

三维适形放疗同步替吉奥化疗治疗术后复发直肠癌的疗效观察

目的 观察三维适形放疗同步替吉奥化疗治疗术后复发直肠癌的近期疗效和毒副反应.方法 40例直肠癌术后复发患者,应用三维适形放疗(1.8～2.0 Gy/次,5次/周,总剂量54～65Gy)同步口服替吉奥胶囊化疔(40 mg/m2,2次/d,口服,连服28 d,42 d为1个周期,放疗结束后继续化疗2个周期).结果 全组患者均完成治疗,依从性好.总有效率为70.0%,症状改善率为90.0%.1年生存率为70.0%,1年局部控制率为62.5%.主要毒副反应为消化道反应、血液学毒性、放射性皮肤反应,多为1、2级,仅见1例3级腹泻.结论 三维适形放疗同步替吉奥化疗治疗直肠癌术后复发的疗效确切,毒副反应可耐受,能明显改善患者的生活质量.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the local control rate, survival time and side effect of threedimensional eonformal radiation therapy combined with Tegafur for postoperative recurrent rectal carcinoma.Methods Forty patients with postoperative recurrent rectal carcinoma received three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy, 1.8-2.0 Gy/once, 5 times every week and the total dose was 54-65 Gy.At the same time, the patients took Tegafur orally 40 mg/m2 twice per day for consecutive 28 days, and one cycle lasted for 42 days.The chemotherapy was applied for 2 cycles after radiotherapy.Results The total effective rate ( CR + PR) was 70.0%, improvement rate was 90.0%, 1-year survival rate was 70.0%, and 1-year local control rate was 62.5%.There was only a little side effect.Conclusions Three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy combired with Tegafur for postoperative recurrent rectal carcinoma have definite effect, with a high local control rate, and patients well tolerance the treatment without serious side effect.It can apparently improve the life quality of the patients.     

Long-term outcomes of three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy combined with neoadjuvant hormonal therapy in Japanese patients with locally advanced prostate cancer

Background  

The outcomes of three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) combined with neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (NAHT) in Japanese patients with locally advanced prostate cancer who initiated salvage hormonal therapy (SHT) at a relatively early phase were evaluated.