PCR－SSP技术在肾移植HLA┐DR位点分型中的应用

ＰＣＲ┐ＳＳＰ技术在肾移植ＨＬＡ┐ＤＲ位点分型中的应用薛竹尔秀江张玉海马威然应用聚合酶链式反应－序列特异性引物（ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＰ）技术，对８７例肾移植供受者进行ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ位点基因分型，并同时与血清学分型进行对比研究，显示血清学分型与基因分型ＤＲ位点两...     

沙眼衣原体套式（Nested）PCR检测研究

本文报告沙眼衣原体（ＣＴ）的套式（Ｎｅｓｔｅｄ）ＰＣＲ检测方法，本方法ＣＴ隐匿性质粒为靶基因，外套引物采用国外学者所报告灵敏度和特异性较高的序列，内套引物自行设计，经方法学考核表明本法灵敏度和特异性极高。１４６例临检标本套式ＣＴ，ＰＣＲ阳性检出率为３６．３％而市售ＰＣＲ试剂盒（其引物序列与本文外套引物相同）阳性检出率仅为４．１％，前者明显高于后者（Ｐ〈０．０１）。     

PCR与单克隆抗体ELESA夹心法快速诊断结核病的研究

应用聚合酶性反应（ＰＣＲ）技术建立的扩增结核杆菌复合体特异重复序列ＩＳ９８６基因的方法和用单克隆抗体ＴＢ１５－Ｃ３经ＥＬＩＳＡ夹心法检测结核杆菌特异性抗原决定簇，对１０种抗酸杆菌，２种普通菌进行了检测．ＰＣＲ仅对结核杆菌复合体扩增出２４５ｈｐ特异性条带，ＥＬＩＳＡ检测除人型结核杆菌、ＢＣＧ阳性外，还与鸟型及瘰疬分枝杆菌反应阳性．ＰＣＲ检测人型结核杆菌的敏感性为１ｐｇ，相当于１３个左右细菌，ＥＬＩＳＡ检测的被感性为１５ｎｇ／ｍｌ．应用ＰＣＲ及ＥＬＩＳＡ检测了９６份结核临床标本．ＰＣＲ的检出率高于抗酸染色涂片的阳性率（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＰＣＲ的检出率虽高于细菌培养的阳性率，但相差不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）．ＥＬＩＳＡ检测阳性率明显高于抗酸染色涂片、细菌培养和ＰＣＲ的阳性率（Ｐ＜０．００１）．ＥＬＩＳＡ的假阳性率高于ＰＣＲ的假阳性率，但相差不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）．研究表明，ＰＣＲ及ＥＬＩＳＡ均是特异、敏感、快速的诊断结核病的方法．但在使用中又各自有其特点．     

解脲脲原体套式（Nested）PCR检测研究

本文报告解脲脲原体（ＵＵ）的套式（ＮＥＳＴＥＤ）ＰＣＲ检测方法。经方法学考核表明，本法的特异性、灵敏度以及试剂的稳定性和对临检标本的顺应性均较好。９３份各种生殖道炎症患者之宫颈拭子标本套式ＰＣＲ检出２１份阳性（阳性率２２．６％），而市售ＰＣＲ试剂盒仅检出１份阳性（阳性率１．１％）。前者阳性检出率明显高于后者（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

聚合酶链反应快速诊断结核病的应用研究

应用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术建立了扩增结核杆菌特异重复序列ＩＳ６１１０部分基因的方法。对９种抗酸分枝杆菌、３种普通菌进行检测，结果仅人型结核杆菌、牛型结核杆菌及ＢＣＧ扩增出１２３ｂｐ特异性条带，ＰＣＲ产物经ＳａｌⅠ酶切后产生７０ｂｐ与５３ｂｐ两个片段。ＰＣＲ检测人型结核杆菌的敏感性达１０ｆｇＤＮＡ或５个菌体。应用ＰＣＲ检测了１０９份结核临床标本，其总阳性率为７２．５％，明显高于抗酸染色涂片（２．８％）与细菌培养（９．２％）的阳性率（Ｐ＜０．００１）。ＰＣＲ的检出率也较ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测抗ＰＰＤ－ＩｇＧ的阳性率（６３．３％）为高，但尚无统计学差异（ｐ＞０．０５），但是ＥＬＩＳＡ检测抗体有１９．０％的假阳性。研究表明，ＰＣＲ是一种特异、敏感、快速诊断结核病的方法。     

PCR—小卫生DNA指纹图在异基因造血干细胞移植植活指标监测…

为了解异基因骨髓移植治疗某些遗传及恶性血液性疾病的植活监测指标，用聚合酶式反应（ＰＣＲ）扩增具有高度多态性的小卫生ＤＮＡ３３．１、３３．６位点，联合地高辛标记的位点特异性寡核苷酸探针杂交的方法，以小卫星ＤＮＡ指纹图为特异性遗传标志，对６例基因骨髓移植，１例脐血移植进行植活指标监测，６例获供者源性细胞植活证据。结果显示：小卫星ＤＮＡ指纹图个体特异性强，可作为监测异基因造血干细胞移植植活的可靠指标，尤     

丙型肝炎病毒三种不同分型方法的比较

分别应用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）产物酶切分型法（酶切法）、型特异引物分型ＰＣＲ法及血清丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）型特异性抗体酶联免疫测定法（ＥＩＡ），对１２０例抗－ＨＣＶ阳性患者血清进行ＨＣＶ分型检测，比较其分型结果。结果显示酶切法与ＰＣＲ法均成功地对９６例（８０％）进行分型，其中Ⅱ型８６例（８９．６％），Ⅲ型８例（８．３％），Ⅱ／Ⅲ型混合感染２例（２．１％），且两种方法的结果完全一致。ＥＩＡ法检测出型特异性抗体７８例（６５％），其中血清１型（相当于基因Ⅰ、Ⅱ型）６８例（８７．２％），血清２型（相当于基因Ⅲ、Ⅳ）６例（７．７％），血清１、２型双阳性者４例（５．１％）。对三种方法均阳性的６６例的分型结果进行比较，ＥＩＡ法与酶切法和ＰＣＲ法的符合率达９７．０％。表明三种分型方法的结果高度一致。     

绍兴地区淋球菌PCR检测的临床观察

本文应用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术，对１３００５例临床疑为淋球菌感染患者进行检测，检出阳性６０２例，阳性率为４．６３％。结果表明：ＰＣＲ具有高度的特异性、敏感性，且快速、简便，是临床处理大批标本的好方法，值得临床推广     

急性白血病患儿脑脊液PCR扩增HCMV－DNA的研究

应用多聚酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ）扩增和洋地黄探针杂交的方法，对５３例急性白血病（ＡＬ）患儿脑脊液（ＣＳＦ）样本进行了检测。经过ＰＣＲ扩增，可见明显的人巨细胞病毒ＤＮＡ（ＨＣＭＶ－ＤＮＡ）４００ｂｐ扩增带；经洋地黄探针特异性杂交鉴定，ＡＬ患儿ＣＳＦ标本ＰＣＲ扩增产物的ＨＣＭＶ－ＤＮＡ阳性检出率为８３．０２％。本实验为ＡＬ病人ＣＳＦ的ＨＣＭＶ检测提供了一个简便方法。     

急性白血病患儿脑脊液PCR扩增HCMV—DNA的研究

应用多聚酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ）扩增和洋地黄深针杂交的方法，对５３例急性白血病（ＡＬ）患儿脑脊液（ＣＳＦ）样本进行了检测，经过ＰＣＲ扩增，可见明显的人巨细胞病毒ＤＮＡ（ＨＣＭＶ－ＤＮＡ）４００ｂｐ扩增带，经洋地黄探针特异性杂交鉴定，ＡＬ患儿ＣＳＦ标本ＰＣＲ扩增产生的ＨＣＭＶ－ＤＮＡ阳性检出率为８３．０２％。本实验为ＡＬ病人ＣＳＦ的ＨＣＭＶ检测提供了一个简便方法。     

THREE-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION OF NON-HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA IN BONE MARROW TREPHINES

The objective of this study was to analyse the location in the bone marrow of deposits of low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. This was achieved using computer-generated three-dimensional reconstruction techniques applied to serial tissue sections of five bone marrow trephines involved by lymphoma. For comparative purposes, previously published three-dimensional models of benign lymphoid aggregates in the bone marrow were used. The images generated by this new study showed that deposits of low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma involving the bone marrow always assumed a paratrabecular pattern of infiltration at some point. This is in direct contrast to the pattern of bone marrow infiltration shown by benign lymphoid aggregates. It is concluded that location within the marrow space is a crucial factor in distinguishing between benign and low-grade malignant lymphoid infiltrates in the bone marrow. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

西咪替丁对小鼠骨髓细胞的抑制作用

本文用小鼠骨髓移植模型研究了西咪替丁对骨髓细胞的毒性作用.结果表明,在100mg/kg/天的剂量下,连续用药50天,免疫重建小鼠脾细胞对Con A和LPS的增殖反应明显受到抑制;对TNP-Ba特异的PFC反应以及对BSA诱导的DTH反应也较对照组明显降低。CFU-S的检测结果表明,西咪替丁对小鼠造血干细胞有明显抑制作用。     

PATHOLOGY OF EXPERIMENTAL PULMONARY BONE MARROW EMBOLISM

In order to investigate the initial lesions of pulmonary bone marrow embolism and its pathogenesis, the author studied the pulmonary changes of 70 rabbits during a 24-hour period after the Infusion of 500 mg of fresh allogeneic bone marrow into the marginal ear veins. After 30 minutes, leukostasis was observed in the non-embolized small arteries. After 2 hours, leukostasis increased and by 5 to 10 hours, it reached a maximum, still decreased considerably after 24 hours. In the perivascular connective tissue, edema and inflammatory cell infiltration had occurred as a result of Increased vascular permeability due to leukostasis. Fifteen minutes after intravenous administration of a single shot of indomethacln (5 mg/kg), the Infusion of allogeneic bone marrow was performed. Five hours after the infusion, the suppression of pulmonary vascular leukostasis and interstitial edema were observed. The effect of drugs on morphological changes, however, is extremely small in the group pre-treated with diphenhydramine hydrochloride (3 mg/kg). The author concluded that the mechanical Injury of vascular endothelial cells by emboli and the accumulation of leukocytes in the pulmonary vessels may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the initial change of pulmonary bone marrow embolism. It is also suggested that the embolized bone marrow in the small arteries and vasculitis may lead to arteriosclerosis in the future.     

端脑髓突的断面解剖学观测

目的：通过对端脑髓突支数及其分支的研究，探讨端脑髓突与脑回的对应关系，指导脑回的医学影像学定位。材料与方法：随机采用３０个颅脑标本，经ＣＴ扫描后锯切出相应断面，结合断面标本及其相应的ＣＴ影像表现对端脑髓突进行综合观测。结果：端脑髓突清晰而易于辨认，各髓突对应相应的脑回皮质。端脑髓突的支数在不同端脑层面上明显变化，但侧别差异无显著性意义。结论：只有熟悉端脑髓突的支数及其分支等情况，才能认准端脑髓突，     

骨髓造血组织切片的形态学观察

采用塑料包理方法，并薄切片，进行ＨＥ、ＨＧＦ、Ｇｏｍｏｒｉ，ＰＡＳ，Ｐｕｓｓｉａｎ Ｂｌｕｅ染色，对１０４例正常人骨髓活检标本进行形态学观测。结果显示了我国正常人骨髓造血组织、脂肪组织、骨小梁、小血管的容量范围及骨髓基质中网硬蛋白，糖元、中性粘多糖、含铁血黄素的分布与含。以期明确我国成人骨髓活检的有关观测标准，为判断骨髓造血组织的病理变化提供依据。     

PATHOLOGY OF EXPERIMENTAL PULMONARY BONE MARROW EMBOLISM

The author investigated the morphogenesis of pulmonary arteriosclerosis in rabbits at 2 days to 3 months after the infusion of sliced fresh allogeneic bone marrow (500 mg) into the marginal ear vein of 87 rabbits. After 2 to 7 days, granulation tissue was formed in the embolized bone marrow, and new endothelial cells appeared on the surface resulting in recanalization. By 2 weeks, embolized bone marrow developed into fibrous and fibro-fatty plaques in the arterial wall. Moreover, from 4 weeks on, smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers proliferated in the emboli just beneath the new endothelial lining. The intima of non-embolized small arteries showed circumferential fibroelastosis, as the result of arteritis and followed by proliferation of medial smooth muscle cells, with narrowing of vascular lumen. The medial smooth muscle cells play an important role in the morphogenesis of pulmonary arteriosclerosis in bone marrow embolism. Pulmonary arterial pressure gradually increased 1 month as well as 3 months after the infusion. It Is considered that narrowing of the vascular lumen resulted from post-embolic pulmonary arteriosclerosis may produce persistent pulmonary hypertension.     

婴幼儿胫骨骨髓的血液供应

本文报道用血管注射、显微摄影及扫描电镜等方法,研究了42侧婴幼儿胫骨的骨髓血液供应。滋养动脉是骨髓的主要血供来源。干骺端动脉增强干骺部的血液供应。骨髓静脉比动脉更为丰富。骨髓静脉血主要经由髓静脉窦、集合静脉窦、中央静脉和滋养静脉回流。干骺端的部分血液经干骺端静脉回流。     

肱骨上端骨髓腔尖部的X线观察

目的：观察肱骨上端骨髓腔尖部发育的形态特征，并对其位置进行定量分析。材料与方法：随机对１０～９３岁１７７例（男９０例，女８７例）汉族人拍摄双肩部Ｘ线片。观察肱骨发育在Ｘ线片上的表现，测量肱骨上端骨松质长度，计算肱骨上端骨松质指数。结果：肱骨上端骨髓腔尖部在Ｘ线上表现为“突变型”和“过渡型”两种形态。肱骨上端骨松质和蔗和骨松质数均随年龄的增大逐渐减小。结论：应根据肱骨上骨髓腔发育的不同形态特征来判断     

PULMONARY BONE MARROW EMBOLISM: A REVIEW OF 350 NECROPSY CASES

Of a total of 350 necrospy cases, 71 were instances of pulmonary bone marrow embolism. The number of emboli did not vary significantly depending on whether the destruction of bone marrow was observed or not. However, the size of emboli and the number of nucleated cells increased in cases in which the destruction of bone marrows was observed. In other words, when the bones and bone marrows were destroyed to some extent, the size of emboli increased. In contrast with this, the number of emboli did not vary significantly depending on the magnitude of the destruction of bones and bone marrows. Of a total of 62 cases of which clinical histories were available, 60 were instances in which cardiac massage was carried out. The numbers and sizes of emboli varied significantly depending on whether cardiac massage was carried out or not. In other words, the number of bone marrow emboli was significantly high in cases in which cardiac massage was carried out. We suggested that cardiac massage was the most important of all predisposing factors of bone marrow embolism.     

UNUSUAL PRIMARY MALIGNANT RETICULOSIS OF THE BONE MARROW

An unusual case of primary reticulosis of the bone marrow in a 67-year-old female has been described. Pathological-anatomical characteristics of the present case are as follows; 1) Primary non-destructive proliferation of neoplastic reticulum cells or their variants, confined to the systemic bone marrow. Metastatic foci were noted in several areas where extramedullary hematopoiesis occurred. 2) Cytologically, neoplastic cells resemble atypical plasmacytic cells. No active phagocytosis was noted in neoplastic cells. 3) Histologically a significant increase in reticulin flbers was observed closely associated with proliferating cells. 4) Electron-microscopically these cells showed developed endoplasmic reticula but were distinguishable from myeloma cells by their irregular cytoplasmic border, which became frequently obscure, and by the presence of a desmosome-like structure. 5) These cells showed a negative immunofluorescent reaction to all types of human immunoglobulin classes. The morphological characteristics of these cells distinguished the disorder from poorly differentiated myelomatosis.