HBV／HCV相关性肝细胞癌抗病毒治疗专家建议

乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）和丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染在肝细胞癌（HCC）的发生发展中起重要作用。我国近年发布的《慢性乙型肝炎防治指南（2010版）》和《原发性肝癌诊疗规范（2011版）》都强调了肝癌患者抗病毒治疗的重要性,但未作深入具体阐述。《丙型肝炎防治指南（2004版）》也注意到抗病毒治疗延缓HCC的发生。     

HBV/HCV相关性肝细胞癌抗病毒治疗专家建议

乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)和丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染在肝细胞癌(HCC)的发生发展中起重要作用.我国近年发布的《慢性乙型肝炎防治指南(2010版)》和《原发性肝癌诊疗规范(2011版)》都强调了肝癌患者抗病毒治疗的重要性,但未作深入具体阐述.《丙型肝炎防治指南(2004版)》也注意到抗病毒治疗延缓HCC的发生.有鉴于此,中华医学会肝病学分会肝癌学组召开了三次专题讨论会,系统收集分析了现有HCC综合治疗中抗病毒治疗的临床研究文献,回顾了HCC治疗中抗病毒药物临床应用进展,依据现有病毒相关性HCC抗病毒治疗的循证医学临床资料,综合部分专家的意见,按照循证医学证据分级的GRADE系统(表1)进行细化和补充,针对这些患者抗病毒治疗的应用达成共识,提出如下具体建议,供国内同道参考,以期在临床实践过程中依据新的临床医学证据进行修改和更新,进一步完善《原发性肝癌诊疗规范》、《慢性乙型肝炎防治指南》和《丙型肝炎防治指南》的实施.     

HBV/HCV相关性肝细胞癌抗病毒治疗专家共识

<正>(2014年3月29日)1前言乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)和丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染在肝细胞癌(HCC)的发生发展中起重要作用。我国近年发布的《慢性乙型肝炎防治指南(2010版)》和《原发性肝癌诊疗规范(2011版)》都强调了肝癌患者抗病毒治疗的重要性,《丙型肝炎防治指南(2004版)》也注意到抗病毒治疗可延缓HCC的发生。目     

HBV/HCV相关性肝细胞癌抗病毒治疗专家共识

正1前言乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)和丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染在肝细胞癌(HCC)的发生发展中起重要作用。我国近年发布的《慢性乙型肝炎防治指南(2010版)》和《原发性肝癌诊疗规范(2011版)》都强调了肝癌患者抗病毒治疗的重要性,《丙型肝炎防治指南(2004版)》也注意到抗病毒治疗可延缓HCC的发生。目前国内外对肝癌抗病毒治疗的具体实施和评价尚无统一认识。有鉴于此,中华医学会肝病学     

《HBV/HCV相关性肝细胞癌抗病毒治疗专家共识》解读

<正>HBV和HCV慢性感染是我国肝细胞癌(HCC)主要的病因,病毒持续高水平复制对HCC患者的预后会产生重大影响。HCC是慢性嗜肝病毒感染的延续,又以肝硬化为基础,临床工作中需要多学科共同参与治疗方案的设计和执行。2013年中华医学会肝病学分会主持制订了《HBV/HCV相关性肝细胞癌抗病毒治疗专家建议》[1],在临床推广过程中受到临床一线相关科室广泛欢迎。之后在吴孟超院士和汤钊猷院士指导下,经     

病毒相关性肝细胞癌抗病毒治疗的临床意义

中国大陆地区80％的肝细胞癌(HCC)具有HBV感染背景,其中80％是基于肝硬化背景发生的,治疗方案设计要注意两个原则:(1)积极清除实体肿瘤;(2)积极改善肝脏微环境,防治肝硬化进展,减少HCC的复发和终末期肝病的发生.除了应用手术切除或非手术手段损毁HCC病灶之外,内科综合治疗具有重要意义.目前具有较多循证医学证据的辅助治疗措施为抗病毒治疗,故中华医学会肝病学分会肝癌学组提出了《HBV/HCV相关性肝细胞癌抗病毒治疗专家建议》(以下简称《建议》)[1].《建议》强调了针对HBV/HCV相关性肝细胞癌患者应用抗病毒治疗的必要性,抗病毒治疗的应用可提高患者生活质量,延长患者生存期.     

HBV合并HCV或人类免疫缺陷病毒感染的抗病毒治疗进展

乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)和丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染是目前全球慢性肝病的主要原因,HBV合并人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染也较常见,全球4000万HIV感染者中10%并发慢性乙型肝炎(CHB).自从高效抗逆转录病毒治疗的推广,艾滋病相关原因的死亡已经减少,但由肝脏疾病造成的死亡却不断上升,逐渐成为HIV感染者发病和死亡的一个主要原因.     

HBV感染抗病毒治疗中发生肝细胞癌24例临床分析

目的探讨HBV感染抗病毒治疗过程中发生肝细胞癌(HCC)的原因和诊断方法。方法回顾性分析24例HBV感染(肝炎后肝硬化者18例、CHB者6例)抗病毒治疗过程中发生HCC的病例,分析其发生原因及诊断方法。结果 HBV感染抗病毒过程中发生HCC常见。患肝病时间、男性、抗病毒治疗效果不佳(或发生病原学突破)、吸烟、饮酒、糖尿病是抗病毒治疗过程中发生HCC常见原因。肝硬化发展至肝癌常无症状,慢性肝炎发展至肝癌常有肝区不适、生物化学检测结果异常、HBV载量变化。AFP、彩色多普勒超声、CT联合检查基本可以完成HCC的临床诊断,必要时辅以肝脏病理学检查。结论 HBV感染抗病毒过程中发生HCC常见,提高认识有利于早期发现HCC。     

HBV/HCV相关肝细胞癌抗病毒治疗专家共识(2021年更新版)

随着抗HBV、HCV治疗学的进展,中华医学会肝病学分会肝癌学组组织相关领域专家对《HBV/HCV相关肝细胞癌抗病毒治疗专家共识》进行了更新。此版共识在以往专家建议/共识基础上,对近年新证据结果进行分析并形成相关推荐意见,以期为肝病专科、感染科以及这些科室以外从事与肝癌诊疗工作相关的临床医生及社区服务中心、基层医疗机构等相关工作人员提供指导和参考。     

HBV/HCV重叠感染的抗病毒治疗

从全球范围看,乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)和丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)重叠感染估计约有700-2000万人口感染.重叠感染和单一HBV或HCV感染比较,更易发展为肝硬化、肝细胞癌甚至肝衰竭的比例也高,HBV和HCV重叠感染可有四种不同的临床模式,即HCV活动...     

HBsAg-negative hepatitis B virus infections in hepatitis C virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma

This study was conducted to evaluate reports that hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA sequences can be found in the serum and/or tumour tissue from some hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who have no detectable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in their sera. Such HBV infections would be highly atypical, because prospective studies have shown a clear succession of specific serologic markers during and after most HBV infections. As most HBsAg-negative HCC patients in Japan have hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, the present study was conducted to determine whether some of these patients actually have unrecognized HBV infections. Thirty newly diagnosed HCC patients from Kurume, Japan, with antibody to the hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) were studied. None of the 30 had HBsAg detectable in their serum. Of 22 for whom test results for antibodies to the hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) and antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs) were available, 14 (64%) had anti-HBc and anti-HBs, four (18%) had anti-HBc alone, and four (18%) had no HBV markers. Nested polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the HBV surface (S), core (C), polymerase (P) and core promoter gene sequences in the HCC tissues and in the adjacent nontumorous liver tissues. HBV DNA was detected in HCC and/or adjacent nontumorous liver in 22 of 30 (73%) patients [detected in both HCC and nontumorous liver in 19/30 patients (63%)]. Among the 22 patients with detectable HBV DNA, more than one HBV gene was detected in 10 (46%). Among the four patients whose sera were negative for all HBV markers, three had HBV DNA in either HCC and nontumorous liver (two cases) or only in the nontumorous liver (one case); HBV DNA could not be detected in tissues from the fourth patient. In 18 of 21 (86%) patients with detectable HBV core promoter sequences, mutations at both nucleotides 1762 (A-GT) and 1764 (G-A) in the core promoter region were found. No deletions were detected in the core promoter gene region of the type reported to be associated with some cases of HBsAg-negative HBV infection. Thus, HBV DNA was detectable in 22 (73%) HBsAg-negative, anti-HCV-positive HCCs, including three (10%) who were also negative for anti-HBc and anti-HBs. HBV mutations at both nucleotides 1762 (A-GT) and 1764 (G-A) in the core promoter region were found in the majority of cases, mutations that have previously been reported in HBV that is integrated in HCC DNA. In serologic surveys to determine etiologic associations of HCC, patients such as those in this study would have been incorrectly designated as having 'HCV-associated HCC,' whereas the data in this study suggest that HBV could have played a role in the development of their HCCs.     

Hepatitis B virus markers and antibodies to hepatitis C virus in Japanese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Sera from Japanese patients with chronic liver disease were tested for hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers and antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV), and the results were correlated to the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma. In chronic non-A, non-B liver disease, anti-HCV prevalence was high both in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (78/89, 88%) and without it (66/84, 79%), while previous HBV infection was more common in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (65/89, 73%) than in those without it (46/84, 55%) (P<0.05). Coexistence of anti-HCV and antibodies to HBV was observed frequently in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (56/89, 63%) compared with patients without it (39/84, 46%) (P<0.05). In chronic HBV carriers, anti-HCV was more common in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (12/38, 32%) than in those without it (3/62, 5%) (P<0.01). These results suggest that infection with the two viruses may be a risk factor for more serious liver disease.This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Japan.     

HBV和HCV相关肝硬化的抗病毒治疗

肝硬化患者抗病毒治疗的必要性和可行性备受关注。综述近年相关指南/共识和循证医学资料,介绍HBV和HCV相关肝硬化抗病毒治疗的适应证、治疗策略、药物选择及治疗收益/风险等方面的进展。资料显示,无论乙型肝炎还是丙型肝炎肝硬化,成功的治疗均可抑制病毒复制,改善病情,延缓疾病进展,延长生存期,减少并发症发生,并为相关肝细胞癌的外科和微创手术创造条件。因核苷和核苷酸类药物安全性好,推荐乙型肝炎肝硬化(包括失代偿期甚至出现并发症)患者尽早使用;而干扰素不良反应多,丙型肝炎肝硬化抗病毒较乙型肝炎困难,须慎重选择适应证。规范抗病毒方案对治疗肝硬化非常重要。     

De novo hepatitis B virus infection in hepatocellular carcinoma following eradication of hepatitis C virus by interferon therapy

Epidemiological studies have revealed that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still observed in hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐positive patients with a sustained response to interferon (IFN) treatment, although a substantial decrease in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been achieved in those patients. Why HCC develops in patients who have a complete clearance of HCV remains unclear. Here, we provided evidence of latent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in an initially HCV‐positive chronic hepatitis patient who developed HCC after the complete eradication of HCV by IFN therapy. Although he was initially negative for anti‐hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) or circulating HBV DNA but positive for anti‐hepatitis B core antigen (anti‐HBc) in his sera, he developed HBsAg and HBV DNA during the course of the management of a series of cancers. HBV DNA was detectable in the liver tissues before HBV reactivation and the viral sequences derived from his anti‐HBc‐positive liver showed 100% homology to that from the serum after HBsAg appearance. These findings indicates that HCV‐positive individuals who are positive for anti‐HBc in the absence of HBsAg could have latent HBV infection in their liver tissues and intrahepatic HBV infection may play a pivotal role in the development of HCC after the IFN‐mediated eradication of HCV.     

Long-term follow-up of cumulative incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B virus patients without antiviral therapy

BACKGROUNDChina has a high prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), but most chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients do not receive standardized antiviral therapy. There are few relevant reports addressing the outcomes of the large number of CHB patients who do not receive antiviral therapy.AIMTo observe the outcomes of long-term follow-up of patients with CHB without antiviral treatment.METHODSThis study included 362 patients with CHB and 96 with hepatitis B cirrhosis without antiviral treatment and with only liver protection and anti-inflammatory treatment from 1993 to 1998. The median follow-up times were 10 and 7 years, respectively. A total of 203 CHB and 129 hepatitis B cirrhosis patients receiving antiviral therapy were selected as the control groups. The median follow-up times were 8 and 7 years, respectively. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to analyze the cumulative incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and the Cox regression model was used to analyze the risk factors for HCC.RESULTSAmong the patients in the non-antiviral group, 16.9% had spontaneous decreases in HBV DNA to undetectable levels, and 32.8% showed hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion. In the antiviral group, 87.2% of patients had undetectable HBV DNA, and 52% showed HBeAg seroconversion. Among CHB and hepatitis B cirrhosis patients, the cumulative incidence rates of HCC were 14.9% and 53.1%, respectively, in the non-antiviral group and were 10.7% and 31.9%, respectively, in the antiviral group. There was no difference between the two groups regarding the CHB patients (P = 0.842), but there was a difference between the groups regarding the hepatitis B cirrhosis patients (P = 0.026). The cumulative incidence rates of HCC were 1.6% and 22.3% (P = 0.022) in the groups with and without spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion, respectively. The incidence rates of HCC among patients with and without spontaneous declines in HBV DNA to undetectable levels were 1.6% and 19.1%, respectively (P = 0.051). There was no difference in the cumulative incidence of HCC between the two groups regarding the patients with drug-resistant CHB (P = 0.119), but there was a significant difference between the two groups regarding the patients with cirrhosis (P = 0.004). The Cox regression model was used for regression of the corrected REACH-B score, which showed that alanine aminotransferase > 400 U/L, history of diabetes, and family history of liver cancer were risk factors for HCC among men aged > 40 years (P < 0.05). Multifactorial analysis showed that a family history of HCC among men was a risk factor for HCC.CONCLUSIONAntiviral therapy and non-antiviral therapy with liver protection and anti-inflammatory therapy can reduce the risk of HCC. Antiviral therapy may mask the spontaneous serological response of some patients during CHB. Therefore, the effect of early antiviral therapy on reducing the incidence of HCC cannot be overestimated.