70例肾癌术后放疗临床分析

目的：研究放疗在术后肾癌治疗中的作用。方法：1990年1月-2002年1月70例肾癌患者,其中手术组32例,手术后放疗（放疗组）38例,局部照射每周5次,每次2Gy,总剂量45—55Gy。结果：手术组和放疗组5年生存率分别为：37．5％和63．1％,术后放疗组的5年生存率优于单纯手术组（P〈0．05）;手术组和放疗组远处转移率分别是80％和76．4％。结论：术后放疗可以提高肾癌5年生存率,远处转移是肾癌治疗失败的主要原因。     

35例肾癌术后放疗的临床分析

目的：研究Ⅱ、Ⅲ期肾癌术后放疗的作用。方法：１９９２年１月－１９９５年１月，３５例Ⅱ和Ⅲ期肾癌行术后放疗。照射范围包括肾瘤床、肾蒂、主动脉旁及下腔静脉旁淋巴结区运用ＴＰＳ技术，采用直线加速器１８ＭＶＸ线照射，ＤＴ４５－５０Ｇｙ／５周。结果：失访２例按死亡处理，随访率９４．４％，全组无复发病例，三年及五年生存率各为５７％（２０／３５）和４５．７％（１６／３５）。三年生存率Ⅱ期为６９．２％（９／１３）     

肾癌术后放疗及远地转移的临床分析

目的分析肾癌术后放疗疗效及与远地转移的关系。材料与方法１９８７年１０月至１９９２年３月手术切除肾癌４３例，其中术后放疗２１例。采用单因素和Ｃｏｘ多因素回归分析治疗疗效和失败原因。结果肾癌Ⅱ、Ⅲ期术后放疗５年生存率分别为６６．７％和４５．５％，略好于单纯手术的６０．０％和４０．０％，两组差异无明显意义（Ｐ＞０．０５）。全组Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ＋Ⅳａ期远地转移时间（ｘ±ｓ）分别为术后５４．５±２４．３月，２４．７±１７．１月和１１．３±１５．７月，三者之间差异有显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．０１），远地转移率与转移时间呈显著性正相关（γｃ＝０．８９１８，Ｐ＜０．０５）。Ｃｏｘ多因素回归分析显示分期是影响预后的独立因素。结论远地转移是肾癌术后主要致死原因。Ⅱ、Ⅲ期术后放疗应综合有效的全身治疗手段；Ⅰ期应探索迟发性远地转移的阻断性治疗。     

肾细胞癌50例术后放疗分析

1977年～ 1990年共收治肾细胞癌术后放疗病人 5 0例 ,其 3,5 ,10年生存率分别为 6 0 .0 %、5 1.1%和 31.8%。 5年生存率 : ～ 期为 6 9.2 % , ～ 期为 4 3.8% ,与单纯手术相比术后放疗可提高患者 5年生存率。放疗应注意保护重要脏器 ,注意时间、剂量、分次设计 ,以免发生严重放疗并发症。区域淋巴结转移、肾周围器官侵犯和肾或腔静脉癌栓是预后不良因素 ,尤以前二者更为明显。本组病例83.3%死于远地转移 ,肺转移最多见占 5 8.3% ,其次是骨转移占 2 5 .6 % ,提示需寻找新的综合治疗方案解决远地转移问题。     

160例膀胱癌术后放疗加DDP灌注临床分析

目的：提高膀胱癌术后病人的生存率和生存质量。方法：采用术后放疗加顺铂灌注联合治疗83例为实验组，术后单纯放疗77例为对照组，进行疗效观察比较。结果：随访1、3、5年，总生存率及无瘤生存率实验组分别为97.6%(81/83)、82.7%(67/81)、89.6%(60/67)和94.0%(78/83)、89.7%(70/78)、84.3%(59/70)；对照组分别为92.2%(71/77)、84。5％（60／71）、75.0%(45/60)和88.3％(68/77)、77.9%(53/68)、73.6%(39/53)。两组复发和转移情况，实验组分别为15.7%(13/83)和8.4%(7/83)；对照组分别为23.4%(18/77)和18.2%(14/77)。经统计学处理，差异具有显著性（P＜0.05)。结论：通过160例术后患者分为两组进行随机对照试验，实验组优于对照组，显示出术后放疗联合顺铂灌注对膀胱癌术后综合治疗的良好效果。     

肾癌术后复发转移的再手术探讨

国内外文献有关肾癌术后复发、转移再手术的报道较少。自１９８７年５月～１９９７年６月，我们对６例肾癌根治术后复发、转移患者成功地进行了再手术治疗，现报告如下。１临床资料本组６例中，男性５例，女性１例。年龄２２～６４岁。左肾癌５例，右肾癌１例，均作肾癌根...     

48例甲状腺癌术后放疗的临床分析

目的　评价甲状腺癌术后放疗疗效。方法　对 1991年 3月～ 1996年 9月间 ,接受术后放疗的48例甲状腺癌进行总结分析。照射范围 :对分化型者 (乳头状癌、滤泡状癌、髓样癌 )包括瘤床及双颈 ;对未分化型者 (未分化癌 )包括瘤床、双颈及上纵隔 ;采用60 Coγ线加深部 180kvX线或电子流照射 ,照射剂量DT45～ 6 5Gy/ 5 - 7周 ,常规分割照射。结果　全组总的 5年生存率为 81.3% ,其中分化型为 90 .5 % ,未分化型为 16 .7% ,两者比较有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。死亡 9例 ,1例缘于局部复发 ,8例因为远处转移。结论　分化型甲状腺癌首选手术治疗 ,术后T4 N1者需补充放疗 ,未分化型者需采用放化疗综合治疗措施。     

48例甲状腺癌术后放疗的临床分析

目的：评价甲状腺癌术后放疗疗效。方法：对1991年3月－1996年9月间，接受术后放疗的48例甲状腺癌进行总结分析，照射范围：对分化型（乳头状癌，滤泡状癌，髓样癌）包括瘤床及双颈；对未分化型（未分化癌）包括瘤床，双颈及上纵隔，采用60Coγ线加深部180kvX线或电子流照射，照射剂量DT45－65Gy/5-7周，常规分割照射，结果：全组总的5年生存率为81．3％，其中分化型为90．5％，未分化型为16．7％，两比较有显性差异（P＜0．01），死亡9例，1例缘于局部复发，8例因为远处转移，结论：分化型甲状腺癌首先手术治疗，术后T4N1需补充放疗，未分化型需采用放化疗综合治疗措施。     

90例软组织肉瘤术后放疗临床分析

目的回顾分析软组织肉瘤术后放射治疗的疗效。方法１９８８年５月～１９９５年５月间收治９０例软组织肉瘤（多次术后复发４０例,首次术后复发５０例）,全部用６０Ｃｏ或加深层Ｘ线外照射,常规照射４５～５０Ｇｙ／５ｗ,然后缩野再用６０Ｃｏ或改用深层Ｘ线照射,总剂量低度恶性肉瘤６０Ｇｙ／６ｗ,中度恶性６５Ｇｙ／６．５ｗ,高度恶性７０Ｇｙ／７ｗ。结果３、５年生存率分别为８３．３％（７０／９０）和６１．３％（３８／６２）。局部复发率为５．６％（５／９０）,远处转移率为１１．１％（１０／９０）。影响软组织肉瘤的预后因素包括肿瘤大小、恶性程度、临床分期、术后放疗间隔时间。结论放射治疗能大幅度降低软组织肉瘤术后局部复发率。     

36例星形细胞瘤术后放疗临床分析

星形细胞瘤为最常见的颅脑肿瘤,常呈浸润性生长,与正常脑组织无明确界限.所以,术后辅以放射治疗是极其重要的.本文对我院1988年3月～1992年12月间,应用60Co外照射对36例星形细胞瘤患者术后行放射治疗的临床资料,作一回顾性分析.     

食管癌放疗致放射性肺炎的临床分析

目的 探讨食管癌放疗后引起放射性肺炎的相关因素.方法 回顾性分析113例放疗后食管癌患者,观察放疗的病变部位、年龄、治疗方案、受照剂量、肺病史和吸烟史与放射性肺炎发生率的关系.结果 发生放射性肺炎16例,其与病变部位、受照剂量及肺病史有关(P＜0.05),与年龄、吸烟及常规放射治疗和IMRT治疗方法关系不大.结论 病变...     

肾细胞癌的相关标志物

肾细胞癌是成年人肾脏最常见的恶性肿瘤,其自然过程极难预料,仅依靠分期和分级等尚不能提供足够的预后信息.寻找适合的肿瘤标志物有助于该病的诊断和监测,提供更有效的预后信息,确定发生复发和转移的风险,甚至可以作为肿瘤靶向治疗的标靶,并有助于深入了解肾细胞癌的疾病发展过程和揭示与之有关的分子生物学信息.本文回顾分析了近年来RCC相关性肿瘤标志物的最新研究进展情况.     

Podoplanin associates with adverse postoperative prognosis of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Podoplanin, a transmembrane sialomucin‐like glycoprotein, was recently shown to be involved in tumor progression and metastasis, and its potential role in facilitating platelet‐based tumor embolization and promigratory phenotype of cancer cells was also demonstrated. In this study, we assessed the clinical significance of tumoral podoplanin expression in 295 patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) through immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays and analyzing the staining intensity. Univariate analysis suggested an adverse prognostic effect of high tumoral podoplanin expression on patients' overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) (P < 0.001 for both). In the multivariate analysis, high tumoral podoplanin expression (using staining intensity as either a continuous or dichotomous variable) was still an independent adverse prognostic factor for patient survival (OS, P < 0.001, RFS, P < 0.001 for continuous; OS, P < 0.001, RFS, P = 0.002 for dichotomous). Moreover, stratified analysis identified a higher prognostic power in the intermediate/high risk patient groups. After utilizing those parameters in the validated multivariate analysis, two nomograms were constructed to predict ccRCC patients' OS and RFS (c‐index 0.815 and 0.805, respectively), and performed better than existing integrated models (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). In conclusion, high tumoral podoplanin expression could independently predict an adverse clinical outcome for ccRCC patients, and it might be useful in future for clinical decision‐making and therapeutic developments.     

腮腺癌33例术后放疗的临床分析

目的 :回顾分析腮腺癌术后放射治疗的作用及影响预后的因素。方法 :3 3例经病理证实的腮腺癌 (Ⅰ期 2例 ,Ⅱ期 6例 ,Ⅲ期 15例 ,Ⅳ期 10例 )术后采用 60Coγ线和直线加速器电子束进行放射治疗 ,并随访 >5年。结果 :全组 5年生存率为 72 7% ,5年局控率为87 9%。术后放疗以 5 0～ 60Gy剂量组疗效较好 ,5年生存率为94 4%。病理类型中腺癌、鳞癌及未分化癌预后较差。结论 :腮腺癌应提倡手术加放疗的综合治疗 ,放疗采用光子束和电子束混合线照射 ,肿瘤剂量以 5 0～ 60Gy为宜     

Systemic inflammation score predicts postoperative prognosis of patients with clear-cell renal cell carcinoma

Background:

Growing evidence indicates that inflammation has a crucial role in the development and progression of cancer. We developed a novel systemic inflammation score (SIS) based on preoperative serum albumin and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and examined its prognostic value for patients with clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) after surgery.

Methods:

The study comprised 441 ccRCC patients undergoing nephrectomy between 2008 and 2009 in a single centre. The SIS was developed and its associations with clinicopathological features and overall survival (OS) were evaluated.

Results:

The SIS consisted of serum albumin and LMR that were both retained as independent indicators adjusting for other haematological and laboratory markers of systemic inflammation responses and traditional clinicopathological features. A high SIS was significantly associated with aggressive tumour behaviours and served as an independent prognostic factor of reduced OS. Furthermore, the SIS could significantly stratify patient prognosis in different tumour stages and Mayo Clinic stage, size, grade and necrosis scores. Incorporation of the SIS into a prognostic model including TNM stage, Fuhrman grade and lymphovascular invasion generated a nomogram, which predicted accurately 3- and 5-year survival for ccRCC patients.

Conclusions:

The SIS as a potentially powerful prognostic biomarker might improve traditional clinicopathological analysis to refine clinical outcome prediction for ccRCC patients after surgery.     

Hypothyroidism in patients with renal cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND:

Sunitinib and sorafenib are tyrosine kinase inhibitors that have important antitumor activity in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Hypothyroidism constitutes a commonly reported side effect of both drugs, and particularly of sunitinib. The objective of this analysis was to investigate whether the occurrence of hypothyroidism during treatment with sunitinib and sorafenib affects the outcome of patients with mRCC.

METHODS:

Eighty‐seven consecutive patients with mRCC who were to receive treatment with sunitinib or sorafenib were included in a prospective analysis. Thyroid function was assessed in each patient every 4 weeks during the first 2 months of treatment and every 2 to 4 months thereafter. Assessment included serum levels of thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH), tri‐iodthyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4). Subclinical hypothyroidism was defined as an increase in TSH above the upper limit of normal (>3.77 μM/mL) with normal T3 and T4 levels.

RESULTS:

Subclinical hypothyroidism was evident in 5 patients at baseline and occurred in 30 patients (36.1%) within the first 2 months after treatment initiation. There was a statistically significant correlation between the occurrence of subclinical hypothyroidism during treatment and the rate of objective remission (hypothyroid patients vs euthyroid patients: 28.3% vs 3.3%, respectively; P < .001) and the median duration of survival (not reached vs 13.9 months, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.35; 95% confidence interval, 0.14‐0.85; P = .016). In multivariate analysis, the development of subclinical hypothyroidism was identified as an independent predictor of survival (hazard ratio, 0.31; P = .014).

CONCLUSIONS:

The current results indicated that hypothyroidism may serve as a predictive marker of treatment outcome in patients with mRCC. Thus, the interpretation of hypothyroidism during treatment with sunitinib and sorafenib as an unwanted side effect should be reconsidered. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.