骨关节创伤的螺旋CT三维影像应用研究

目的：探讨螺旋ＣＴ三维影像（ＳＳＤ和ＭＰＲ）在骨关节创伤中的应用价值及相关的技术要点。方法：研究经Ｘ线和螺旋ＣＴ证实的骨关节创伤病例８５例。扫描参数：（１）３ｍｍ层百,４．５ｍｍ床速和１￣２ｍｍ重建间距;（２）５ｍｍ层厚、５￣７．５ｍｍ床速和２ｍｍ重建间距;作ＳＳＤ时阈值范围之低值为１２０￣１８０,观察ＳＳＤ和ＭＰＲ的窗宽和窗位分别为３０００￣３２００、１０００￣１２００和８００￣１０００、２５０     

螺旋CT扫描成像质量分析

目的：通过对螺旋与常规ＣＴ扫描的比较，图像的分析和讨论，以期为临床诊断提供有用的依据。材料和方法：螺旋及常规ＣＴ扫描采用Ｓｏｍａｔｏｍ Ｐｌｕｓ全身ＣＴ扫描机。扫描体模：（１）玻璃球，直径１．５ｃｍ，误差〈１０μｍ；（２）有机圆柱体，直径３．０ｃｍ，误差〈８μｍ；（３）水模，直径２５ｃｍ。扫描条件相同情况下，在下述方面进行比较：（１）不同物体螺旋ＣＴ扫描图像还原性的影响；（２）不同螺距扫描与图像分     

双螺旋CT门静脉血管造影最佳扫描层厚和螺距的研究

评价双螺旋ＣＴ血管造影不同扫描层厚和螺距对门静脉成像质量的影响。方法将４个猪肝制成血管模型,分别以５种不同的螺距,层厚的组合形成式扫描。Ａ组螺距为１．０,层厚２．５ｍｍ;Ｂ组螺距１．５,层厚２．５ｍｍ;Ｃ组螺距２．０,层厚２．５ｍｍ;Ｄ组螺距１．０,层厚５．０ｍｍ;Ｅ组螺距１．５,层厚５．０ｍｍ。所有原始图像均采用最大信号强度投影（ＭａｘＩＰ）法处理。分析模型血管分支的显示与层厚和螺距的关系。结果     

肺孤立结节CT增强动态扫描的研究(附36例)

目的：评估肺部孤立结节ＣＴ增强动态扫描特征。方法：３６例肺部孤立结节中恶性肿瘤（均为肺癌）２４例,炎症结节７例,结核球５例。以１００ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ速度静脉注射１．５ｍｌ／ｋｇ体重碘造影剂后行动态薄层扫描,层厚２ｍｍ,层间距２ｍｍ。测量增强前后各层次病灶ＣＴ值。结果：结核球无显著强化,炎症结节及恶性肿瘤均呈显著强化,结核球与炎症结节／恶性肿瘤增强值相比有显著性差异;所有炎症结节,２３例恶性肿瘤及１例结核球呈全部强化型,１例恶性肿瘤呈周边强化型,２例结核球呈环形强化,另外２例结核球无明显强化。结论：（１）结节增强值在２０ＨＵ以下提示结核球,２０～６０ＨＵ为恶性结节的一个指标,６０ＨＵ以上高度提示炎症结节。（２）环形强化提示结核球。     

肝脏螺旋CT动脉造影

目的：评价肝脏螺旋ＣＴ动脉造影（ＳＣＴＡＬ）对肝肿瘤的诊断价值。方法：对２０例肝细胞性肝癌（ＨＣＣ）和１０例肝内转移癌患者作ＳＣＴＡＬ：经皮穿刺肱动脉，将５－ＦＣｏｂｒａ导管送入肝动脉，以０．３～１．５ｍｌ／ｓ的速度经导管注入浓度为３００ｍｇＩ／ｍｌ的造影剂１５～３０ｍｌ，在开始注入造影剂６～１０ｓ后用螺旋ＣＴ行全肝扫描。结果：所有肿瘤病灶均显著增强，肿瘤的实体部分ＣＴ值为１０５～４１３ＨＵ，明显高于邻近肝组织。ＨＣＣ灶多呈不均匀增强，转移灶多呈环形增强，而直径为３～１０ｍｍ的病灶呈均匀增强。结论：与常规肝脏ＣＴ增强扫描相比，ＳＣＴＡＬ可发现更多的多血供病灶，能真实显示肝肿瘤的肝动脉血供情况。     

CT三维成像在梗阻性黄疸病因诊断中的价值(附23例分析)

目的：探讨ＣＴ三维成像在梗阻性黄疸病因诊断中的价值。方法：回顾分析２３例梗阻性黄疸病例,用１∶１．５ｐｉｃｔｈ螺旋扫描,３ｍｍ重建后行ＭＰＲ或ＶＲＴ三维重建。结果：经手术及病理证实,２３例ＣＴ诊断与最后诊断均符合。结论：ＣＴ三维成像具有更直观、更整体和更全面的显示病变的优点,有助于梗阻性黄疸的病因诊断。     

水分子扩散加权磁共振成像在肝脏的临床应用

目的　评价磁共振水分子扩散加权成像（ＤＷＩ） 在肝脏病变鉴别诊断中的价值。方法对１３ 例正常志愿者、２８ 例病人的腹部正常脏器以及３９ 例５９ 个病灶（ 肝癌７ 例１１ 个病灶,转移瘤１１例１９ 个病灶,海绵状血管瘤１３ 例１８ 个病灶,肝囊肿８ 例１１ 个病灶） 行ＤＷＩ并测量表观扩散系数（ＡＤＣ值） 。结果　正常肝、脾、肾、胆囊、胰腺及肌肉平均ＡＤＣ 值分别为０－６９ ×１０－３ ｍｍ２／ｓ、０－７１ ×１０－３ ｍｍ２／ｓ、１－６４×１０－ ３ ｍｍ２／ｓ、２－９２×１０－３ ｍｍ２／ｓ、０－８３×１０－３ ｍｍ２／ｓ、０－７３×１０－３ ｍｍ２／ｓ。肝囊肿、海绵状血管瘤、肝癌及转移瘤的平均ＡＤＣ值分别为３－０３×１０－３ ｍｍ２／ｓ、１－９１×１０－３ ｍｍ２／ｓ、０－９５ ×１０－３ ｍｍ２／ｓ、１－１８×１０－３ ｍｍ２／ｓ,囊肿、血管瘤及恶性肿瘤三者间有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０－００１）。结论　ＤＷＩ分析及ＡＤＣ值测量对肝脏局灶性病变鉴别诊断有一定价值,可作为肝脏ＭＲＩ的补充检查序列。     

螺旋CT门静脉造影层厚和成像方法的合理选择

目的 探讨合理的螺旋ＣＴ门静脉造影层厚和重建方法。材料与方法 将１６０例疑有肝症疾病进行螺旋ＣＴ门静脉造影的患者随机分为两组,３ｍｍ层组９８例,５ｍｍ层厚组６２例。造影剂剂量为２ｍｌ／ｋｇ（体重）,注射速率３ｍｌ／ｓ,延迟时间４５～５０ｓ。每一患者均以ＭＩＰ和ＭＰＶＲ行门静脉脉成像,并对其图像进行５个单项和综合评分。结果 ３ｍｍ层厚组和５ｍｍ层厚组ＭＩＰ图像平均综合评分分别为１０．８和８．９,而Ｍ     

眼色素膜黑色素瘤的CT与MRI研究

目的研究色素膜黑色素瘤的ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ表现，探讨最佳ＭＲＩ的扫描序列。材料与方法１５例患者用各种ＭＲＩ序列进行扫描，其中１１例行ＣＴ扫描，并与手术病理进行对照。结果ＣＴ示９例表现为与眼外肌等密度的肿块，２例肿瘤太小未能显示。ＭＲＩ示１４例具有典型的短Ｔ１、短Ｔ２信号，１例３ｍｍ高度的虹膜黑色素瘤在Ｔ１ＷＩ上未能显示；１１例伴有视网膜脱离，呈短Ｔ１及长Ｔ２信号，与肿瘤在Ｔ１ＷＩ上很难区分。使用脂肪抑制和增强扫描的Ｔ１ＷＩ能较好地显示较小肿瘤（高度＜５ｍｍ）能区分肿瘤及其伴发的视网膜脱离。结论ＭＲＩ显示黑色素瘤的准确率和特异性较ＣＴ和Ｂ超优越。     

螺旋CT血管造影诊断肾动脉狭窄的临床价值

目的评价螺旋ＣＴ血管造影（ＳＣＴＡ）在诊断肾动脉狭窄中的价值。材料与方法４０例临床拟诊为肾动脉狭窄者行ＳＣＴＡ检查，其中２０例经ＤＳＡ对照。ＳＣＴＡ扫描参数取准直宽度３．２ｍｍ，螺距（ｐｉｔｃｈ）１，以小剂量试验获得最佳延迟扫描时间。综合分析ＣＴ轴位断面像、多层面重建（ＭＰＲ）与曲面重建、最大强度投影（ＭＩＰ）及表面遮盖显示（ＳＳＤ）三种方法重建的血管影像，完成诊断。结果４０例中ＳＣＴＡ显示肾动脉正常６５条，肾动脉狭窄１６条，共８１条。２０例有ＤＳＡ对照者，ＤＳＡ显示肾动脉正常２１条，肾动脉狭窄１７条；ＳＣＴＡ显示正常肾动脉２２条，肾动脉狭窄１６条。诊断肾动脉狭窄的敏感性、特异性、阳性预告值及阴性预告值分别为９４．１％、１００．０％、１００．０％及９５．５％。结论ＳＣＴＡ能清晰显示肾动脉并对肾动脉狭窄作出可靠诊断，在很大程度上可代替创伤性ＤＳＡ检查     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.