手术前肠外营养对大肠癌老年患者生存状况的影响

目的探讨手术前肠外营养对大肠癌老年患者生存状况的影响。方法选取2011年3月至2014年12月间手术治疗的大肠癌老年患者60例。采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组30例。所有患者均根据其基础疾病进行对症药物治疗,观察组患者于手术前4 d进行肠外营养支持,对照组患者于手术前4 d输注葡萄糖,术后肠外营养方法相同。比较两组患者的肛门排气时间、排便时间、住院时间、术后并发症和生存状况,比较两组患者营养支持前、营养支持后、手术后第2天和第8天的前白蛋白与血清白蛋白水平。结果观察组患者的肛门排气时间、排便时间和住院时间显著短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);营养支持前,两组患者的前白蛋白和白蛋白水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后第2天和术后第8天,观察组患者的前白蛋白和白蛋白水平显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者的术后并发症发生率为13.3%,显著低于对照组的60.0%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者术后病死率为0%,显著低于对照组患者的13.3%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对于大肠癌老年患者,给予手术前肠外营养支持可以降低术后并发症和病死率,值得临床推广。     

早期肠内营养在腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术后应用的疗效观察

目的观察结直肠癌腹腔镜手术后患者早期肠内营养支持的近期疗效.方法将68例腹腔镜结直肠癌术后患者随机分为肠内营养组(EN)与肠外营养组(PN),于术后24小时内开始分别给予肠内与肠外营养,每天热卡为30kcal/kg.EN组患者术后第1天口服安素500ml,术后第二天1,000ml,术后第三天直至第7天口服1,500ml.比较两组患者术后营养状况和临床恢复情况.结果两组患者年龄、性别、体重指数、临床分期、手术方式比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).EN组术后消化道功能恢复时间优于PN组(P＜0.05),EN组感染性并发症发生率为6.7％,PN组为7.9％,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组患者术后7天营养指标血清白蛋白、前白蛋白、总蛋白较术前下降,但两组间比较无显著性差异.EN组患者术后营养支持费用显著低于PN组.结论术后早期肠内营养安全有效,可以改善腹腔镜结直肠癌患者术后胃肠道功能的恢复,且可降低术后营养支持费用.     

术后早期经口肠内营养在结直肠癌患者中的应用价值

目的探讨结直肠癌患者在术后早期经口肠内营养的临床效果及其价值。方法将72例结直肠癌患者随机平均分为实验组36例和对照组36例。对照组患者采用常规围手术期方案治疗,而实验组患者在早期少量多次给予肠内营养制剂。对比观察2组患者的术后恢复情况、不良反应发生情况、营养状况以及炎性反应程度。结果实验组患者的肛门通气时间以及住院时间明显短于对照组患者,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),而2组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后第5天实验组患者的总蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白的量显著高于对照组,CRP、IL-6、TNF-α等炎性情况指标则明显低于对照组患者,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论术后早期经口肠内营养能够显著改善结直肠癌患者术后的营养状况,提高患者免疫能力,促进肠道功能恢复,缩短住院时间,值得临床推广。     

老年肝癌患者肝癌切除术后早期肠内营养支持治疗的临床价值

目的探讨老年肝癌患者肝癌切除术后早期肠内营养支持治疗的临床价值。方法将接受肝癌切除术治疗的76例老年肝癌患者随机分为观察组（38例）与对照组（38例）,观察组患者术后早期接受肠内营养治疗,对照组患者术后接受肠外营养治疗。结果①手术前,2组患者总胆红素（TBIL）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（AIJT）、白蛋白（ALB）、拟胆碱酯酶（PCHE）、前白蛋白（PA）相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。手术后第7天,观察组TBIL、ALT显著低于对照组,ALB、PCHE、PA显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）。②手术前,两组患者CD4＋T细胞、CD8＋T细胞、CD4＋T细胞／CD8＋T细胞比值相比,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。手术后第7天,观察组上述指标显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）。③观察组术后肺部感染、胆瘘发生率显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论术后早期肠内营养支持治疗可以显著改善老年肝癌患者肝癌切除术后的营养状况及免疫力,降低并发症发生率。     

营养支持为基础快速康复外科在甲状腺癌根治术后的应用效果

目的探讨以营养支持为基础快速康复外科在甲状腺癌根治术后患者中的应用。方法选取2016年4月至2019年3月间武警北京总队医院收治的96例甲状腺癌根治术患者,采用随机数表法分为试验组和对照组,每组48例。对照组患者采用常规围手术期营养护理,试验组患者采用以营养支持为基础快速康复外科护理,比较两组患者术后进食时间、住院时间、下床活动时间、白蛋白、总蛋白和前白蛋白水平及并发症发生率。结果试验组患者进食时间、住院时间和下床活动时间均短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。术后,试验组患者白蛋白、总蛋白和前白蛋白水平均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。试验组患者术后并发症发生率为4. 2%,低于对照组的33. 3%,差异有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。结论以营养支持为基础快速康复外科能改善甲状腺癌根治术后患者康复效果及白蛋白、总蛋白和前白蛋白营养状况,降低术后并发症发生率。     

老年食管贲门癌术后营养支持治疗的探讨

目的寻找老年食管贲门癌患者术后早期营养支持的理想途径。方法将220例老年食管贲门癌患者随机分成肠内营养组(EN)和肠外营养组(PN),监测所有患者术前1天,术后第4、11天血清白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PA)、转铁蛋白(TF)及IgA、IgG、IgM,留取24 h尿测定尿素氮,计算氮平衡,观察患者术后恢复情况,记录肛门排气时间、术后并发症、平均住院日及消化道不良反应等,并做统计学分析。结果治疗10 d后各组营养指标、免疫指标均有增高,但EN组水平明显高于PN组(P<0.01);临床观察EN组肛门排气时间较PN组显著缩短(P<0.05),术后并发症减少,平均住院时间缩短。结论早期肠内营养支持能促进肠功能恢复,显著改善营养状况,增加机体免疫功能,减少术后并发症,缩短住院时间,较肠外营养更有效,更适用于老年食管贲门癌患者。     

肠内肠外营养治疗对结直肠癌患者免疫及肠道菌群的影响

目的 探究术后肠内营养联合肠外营养治疗对结直肠癌患者免疫功能及肠道菌群的影响。 方法 选取河北北方学 院附属第一医院 2019 年 1 月至 2021 年 5 月收治的结直肠癌手术治疗患者 90 例,使用随机数字表法将所有患者分为对照组 和研究组,每组 45 例,对照组给予肠外营养干预,研究组给予肠内营养联合肠外营养干预。 比较两组患者干预前后营养状况、 CD 细胞、免疫蛋白、肠道菌群水平和临床指标。 结果 干预前,两组血清总蛋白(TP)、血清白蛋白(ALB)、转铁蛋白(Tf)、血红 蛋白(Hb)和体质指数(BMI)水平差异无统计学意义(P>0. 05);干预后,研究组 TP、ALB、Tf、Hb 和 BMI 水平显著高于对照组 (P<0. 05)。 干预前,两组 CD3 + 、CD4 +和 CD4 + / CD8 +水平差异无统计学意义(P>0. 05);干预后,研究组 CD3 + 、CD4 +和 CD4 + / CD8 +水平显著高于对照组(P<0. 05)。 干预前,两组 IgA、IgG 和 IgM 水平差异无统计学意义(P>0. 05);干预后,研究组 IgA、 IgG 和 IgM 水平显著高于对照组(P<0. 05)。 干预前,两组乳杆菌、拟杆菌、真杆菌、双歧杆菌、球杆菌和大肠埃希菌数量的差 异无统计学意义(P>0. 05);干预后,研究组乳杆菌、拟杆菌和双歧杆菌数量显著高于对照组,球杆菌和大肠埃希菌数量显著低 于对照组(P<0. 05)。 研究组开始进食、肛门排气时间和住院时间显著低于对照组(P<0. 05)。 结论 肠内营养联合肠外营养 治疗能有效提高患者细胞免疫和体液免疫功能,调节患者肠道菌群,改善结直肠癌患者临床指标,促进患者术后恢复。     

早期进食促进腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术患者术后恢复的效果观察

目的 探讨早期进食促进腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术患者术后恢复的效果.方法 选取经腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术的患者118例,按照是否采用早期进食分为早期进食组和传统进食组,每组各59例.观察并对比两组患者术后恢复情况、营养状况及并发症发生情况.结果 两组患者术前前白蛋白、白蛋白水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);术后两组患者前白蛋白、白蛋白水平均有所改善,早期进食组高于传统进食组(P﹤0.05);与传统进食组相比,早期进食组术后首次排气时间、首次排便时间短,住院费用低,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);两组患者住院时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05):两组患者均未出现严重并发症(P﹥0.05).结论 经腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术后早期进食安全有效,能改善患者术后营养状态,快速康复,临床上值得更广泛推广应用.     

胃癌根治术后不同营养支持疗法的临床分析

目的：探讨胃癌根治术后应用肠内营养与肠外营养的临床效果。方法将2011年6月至2012年12月行胃癌根治性手术的60例患者,随机分为2组：肠内营养组（EN 组）和肠外营养组（PN组）,平均每组30例。所有患者在综合治疗基础上,分别予以肠内营养及肠外营养。观测两组患者的体质量情况以及术前及术后的血红蛋白、白蛋白、血清前蛋白。同时观察术后并发症、肛门排气时间,以及平均住院时间。结果EN 组患者术后体质量以及8d 后血红蛋白、白蛋白、血清前蛋白等营养指标均明显优于 PN 组（P ＜0．01）;EN 组患者的肛门排气时间、术后并发症以及平均住院时间等明显少于 PN 组（P ＜0．05）。结论胃癌根治术后对患者实施肠内营养支持相比于肠外营养支持更加有效、经济和安全。     

早期肠内营养支持治疗胰及胃肿瘤术后胃潴留的应用探讨

目的探讨早期肠内营养支持在胰及胃肿瘤术后对胃潴留恢复的影响.方法回顾性分析32例胰及胃肿瘤术后胃潴留的治疗,17例行鼻肠管肠内营养,另15例为对照,行肠外营养,观察两种营养支持方法对患者基础营养状况、肝功能、白蛋白用量和营养支持的费用等方面的影响.结果两组患者日均热卡及氮摄人量比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).肠外营养组治疗时间17～35天,平均26天,肠内营养组治疗时间13～24天,平均治疗时间18天,较肠外营养组缩短8天,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).肠内营养支持的日均费用(235±46)元较肠外营养组(344±65)元低,差异明显(P＜0.05).结论早期利用鼻肠管肠内营养治疗胰及胃肿瘤术后胃潴留,明显优于肠外营养,值得临床上积极研究应用.     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

Renal irradiation and the pharmacology and toxicity of methotrexate and cisplatinum

We used a rat model to study the effects of renal irradiation on the pharmacology of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatinum (cis-Pt). Unanesthetized rats were given bilateral kidney irradiation (20 Gy in 9 fractions). At 9 months after irradiation, 3% of the animals had died and survivors showed moderately impaired renal function. At 15 months, 30% of the animals had died and survivors showed severely impaired renal function. Some animals were given i.v. MTX 1 week to 15 months after irradiation. In irradiated rats, the area under the MTX plasma clearance curve equaled that of controls through 6 months, and was significantly above controls from 9 months on. Other animals were given i.p. cis-Pt 1 week to 9 months after irradiation. The acute toxicity of cis-Pt was the same in control and irradiated rats when cis-Pt was given immediately before or after irradiation. Beginning 3 months after irradiation there was a progressive increase in cis-Pt toxicity and a simultaneous decrease in urinary platinum excretion. Irradiated animals that survived cis-Pt treatment showed increased radiation nephritis; the greatest effect occurred when cis-Pt was given 3 months or more after irradiation. MTX and cis-Pt clearance decreased when renal dysfunction was first observed and changes in renal function preceded changes in drug clearance and toxicity.     

Fruit and vegetables and cancer risk

The possibility that fruit and vegetables may help to reduce the risk of cancer has been studied for over 30 years, but no protective effects have been firmly established. For cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract, epidemiological studies have generally observed that people with a relatively high intake of fruit and vegetables have a moderately reduced risk, but these observations must be interpreted cautiously because of potential confounding by smoking and alcohol. For lung cancer, recent large prospective analyses with detailed adjustment for smoking have not shown a convincing association between fruit and vegetable intake and reduced risk. For other common cancers, including colorectal, breast and prostate cancer, epidemiological studies suggest little or no association between total fruit and vegetable consumption and risk. It is still possible that there are benefits to be identified: there could be benefits in populations with low average intakes of fruit and vegetables, such that those eating moderate amounts have a lower cancer risk than those eating very low amounts, and there could also be effects of particular nutrients in certain fruits and vegetables, as fruit and vegetables have very varied composition. Nutritional principles indicate that healthy diets should include at least moderate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but the available data suggest that general increases in fruit and vegetable intake would not have much effect on cancer rates, at least in well-nourished populations. Current advice in relation to diet and cancer should include the recommendation to consume adequate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but should put most emphasis on the well-established adverse effects of obesity and high alcohol intakes.     

New and emerging radiosensitizers and radioprotectors

The combination of chemotherapy and radiation has led to clinical breakthroughs in several disease sites, and current work continues to define optimum combinations of proven chemotherapy as well as more recently available, noncytotoxic agents. Administration of systemic therapies allows modulation of radiation response to improve tumor control (radiosensitization) or to prevent normal tissue toxicity (radioprotection). Substantial progress has been made in identifying the targets of standard chemotherapeutic radiation sensitizers and protectors as well as in the introduction of a new generation of molecularly targeted therapies in combination with radiation. We have reviewed the most recent, predominantly early phase clinical trials combining systemic agents with radiation. Although the proof of an improved schedule ultimately needs to come from well-run Phase III trials, the search among schedules could be shortened by the use of surrogate endpoints such as presence of active drug metabolites in the tumor. This has been accomplished only in a few cases and needs to become a more standard part of radiation sensitizer and protector trials.