我国5城市已婚育龄妇女母乳喂养影响因素分析

目的了解城市居民中母乳喂养状况及其影响因素.方法以"计划生育问卷调查"的方式,对广州等5城市已婚育龄妇女进行抽样调查,以寿命表法等统计方法进行分析.结果5城市妇女产后母乳喂养率为94.57%.平均母乳喂养时间8.01月,4个月后继续母乳喂养率为61.03%.母亲文化程度高者、初产婴儿产后母乳喂养率高.但继续母乳喂养率,受母亲生理及自身文化程度等社会心理特征和家庭多种因素的影响.结论母乳喂养受母亲、家庭和社会的多种因素的影响,应有针对性地加强产妇出院后继续母乳喂养的宣教工作.     

我国5城市已婚育龄妇女母乳喂养影响因素分析

目的：了解城市居民中母乳喂养状况及其影响因素。方法：以“计划生育问卷调查”的方式，对广州等5城市已婚育龄妇女进行抽样调查。以寿命表法等统计方法进行分析。结果：5城市妇女产后母乳喂养率为94．57％。平均母乳喂养时间8．01月，4个月后继续母乳喂养率为61．03％。母亲文化程度高者、初产婴儿产后母乳喂养率高。但继续母乳喂养率，受母亲生理及自身文化程度等社会心理特征和家庭多种因素的影响。结论：母乳喂养受母亲、家庭和社会的多种因素的影响，应有针对性地加强产妇出院后继续母乳喂养的宣教工作。     

湖北省4～6个月婴儿母乳喂养状况及影响因素

为了解母乳喂养状况及影响因素 ,并对爱婴医院质量进行评估 ,提出干预措施以实现 2 0 0 0年母乳喂养率达 80 %的目标 ,对湖北省不同地区 4～ 6个月婴儿母乳喂养情况进行调查。结果 :湖北省 4～ 6个月婴儿纯母乳喂养率为 76 .0 % ,其中城市 44 .4% ,农村 91.2 % ,爱婴医院出生的婴儿 4～ 6个月纯母乳喂养率为 6 4.8%。根据 L ogistic回归分析各影响因素依次为 :婴儿独睡 ,爱婴医院出生 ,未进行家庭访视 ,产后不知寻求帮助 ,访视次数少 ,母亲认为母乳喂养不好 ,家庭收入高 ,父亲文化程度高 ,窒息 ,难产 ,父亲年龄≥ 35岁等。建议 :1将城市作为工作的重点 ,家庭收入高、文化程度高及丈夫年龄≥ 35岁者为母乳喂养高危人群 ;2提高围产保健质量 ,减少难产、窒息的发生 ;3产后访视至少 5次 ,并为母亲及其家庭提供帮助 ;4放宽乡、镇级卫生院创建爱婴医院的硬件要求 ,重点放在医务人员知识更新、健康教育及母乳喂养技巧     

天津市和平区母乳喂养现状及影响因素分析

目的调查天津市和平区1 334名婴儿母乳喂养的现状,分析母乳喂养的相关影响因素。方法对2014年3月-2016年3月期间在天津市和平区妇女儿童保健和计划生育服务中心筛查乳腺的1 334名产后40~50 d婴儿的母亲进行问卷调查,了解婴儿母亲的母乳喂养情况。结果 1 334名婴儿,母乳喂养率为58.92%,母乳喂养情况与母亲的年龄、自我效能、家庭收入、接受教育程度以及社会多种因素相关。母亲的自我效能越高母乳喂养的持续时间越长、家庭月收入、乳头情况以及乳腺疾病等都可以影响母乳喂养率。结论本区域母乳喂养率低,应加强对产后母乳喂养的宣教工作,提高和平区的纯母乳喂养率。     

我国中西部地区农村纯母乳喂养影响因素研究

【目的】调查我国中西部地区农村纯母乳喂养现状,并分析产后保健服务因素对纯母乳喂养的影响。【方法】采用描述流行病学方法探讨纯母乳喂养率、纯母乳喂养持续时间及其分布状况;采用混合效应模型探讨影响纯母乳喂养的因素。【结果】调查地区纯母乳喂养率为76.8%,4个月以上纯母乳喂养率为42.7%,6个月以上的喂养率为16.4%,母乳喂养的平均时间为3.1个月。控制了母亲年龄、文化程度、家庭经济、分娩方式等变量后,混合模型分析结果显示产后母乳喂养指导与纯母乳喂养持续时间存在关联。【结论】调查地区的纯母乳喂养率较低,产后母乳喂养指导可以提高纯母乳喂养时间,亟待采取产后保健相关的干预方法,有效提高农村的纯母乳喂养水平。     

中国西部5省农村婴儿纯母乳喂养影响因素分析

目的:了解中国西部农村婴儿的母乳喂养现状,探讨影响4个月内婴儿纯母乳喂养的相关因素。方法:利用"2006年中国十省农村7岁以下儿童体格发育调查"资料,选取西部5省的农村婴儿作为研究对象。结果:西部5省农村婴儿母乳喂养率为71.97%;4个月内纯母乳喂养率为52.02%。单因素分析结果显示,影响婴儿4个月内纯母乳喂养的因素包括婴儿性别、胎数、出生体重、患病情况,父母亲年龄、母亲文化水平和职业、家庭年收入;多因素分析结果显示,双胎、有疾病史、出生体重低、母亲年龄大、母亲文化水平高、家庭年收入高是婴儿4个月内纯母乳喂养的危险因素。结论:中国西部5省农村婴儿4个月内纯母乳喂养率较低,受婴儿自身因素、母亲因素和家庭经济因素的影响,应加强孕期保健服务,积极宣传和普及科学喂养知识,提高母亲母乳喂养意识。     

常州市婴幼儿喂养状况及影响因素分析

目的 了解江苏省常州市婴幼儿母乳喂养现状及影响因素.方法 采用现况研究方法,自常州市所属的城市、乡镇及农村各随机抽取1个现场,以2006年1月1日至2008年12月31日出生的6 240名婴幼儿父母为调查对象进行面对面访谈,采用无序多分类Logistic回归分析喂养方式的影响因素,估计OR值及其95%CI.结果 母乳喂养占50.64%,混合喂养占38.62%,人工喂养占10.74%,纯母乳喂养时间达到4个月或6个月的分别占56.4%与29.3%;调整混杂因素后,经无序多分类多因素Logistic回归模型拟合后发现,新生儿出生地域为乡镇和农村、母亲文化程度为大学以上、家庭子女数为多孩、母亲年龄为25～35岁、新生儿早产、分娩地点为乡镇卫生院等因素与混合喂养有关(P＜0.05);新生儿出生地域为乡镇和农村、母亲文化程度为高中以上、家庭子女数为多孩、母亲年龄＞33岁、新生儿早产、分娩地点为乡镇卫生院及其他等因素与人工喂养有关(P＜0.05).结论 常州市婴幼儿母乳喂养率仍处于较低水平,6个月纯母乳喂养率明显降低,喂养方式主要与新生儿出生地域、母亲文化程度、母亲年龄、新生儿早产及家庭子女数等因素有关.     

北京市朝阳区母乳喂养情况及相关影响因素研究

目的:了解北京市朝阳区母乳喂养情况及相关影响因素,为进一步探索有效的干预措施以提高母乳喂养率而提供科学依据。方法:采用整群抽样法抽取朝阳区103名婴儿母亲,对其进行统一问卷调查,并对结果录入分析。结果:产后婴儿0～4个月中纯母乳喂养48名,占47.5%;非纯母乳喂养53名,占52.5%。母乳喂养情况受学历、工作、年龄及分娩方式等多种因素影响。结论:朝阳区的纯母乳喂养率偏低,社会各界应更多关注哺乳期妇女,继续加强母乳喂养的宣传力度,巩固、强化母乳喂养知识与技能,树立正确的态度和坚定的信心,关注高龄产妇等重点人群,以提高母乳喂养率,保护母婴健康。     

长沙市母乳喂养现状及主要影响因素研究

目的了解长沙市0~6个月婴儿纯母乳喂养情况及主要影响因素,进一步探索有效的干预措施,提高0~6个月婴儿纯母乳喂养率。方法 2014年3-6月,采用自行设计的母乳喂养状况调查表,通过分层整群抽样法抽取长沙市1 014名婴儿母亲,对其住院期间和出院后纯母乳喂养情况及其主要影响因素进行调查。结果调查1 021名婴儿母亲,其中有效问卷1 014份,问卷有效率为99.31%。0~6个月婴儿住院期间纯母乳喂养率(37.5%),出院后纯母乳喂养率(40%)。在出院后纯母乳喂养情况中,孕期接受过宣教者(57.2%)纯母乳喂养率显著高于未接受宣教者(30.8%)(P0.05);阴道分娩者显著高于(46.7%)剖宫产者(29.9%)(P0.05);产后早接触、早吸吮者(35.3%)显著高于没有早接触、早吸吮者(21.8%)(P0.05);产后接受了母乳喂养指导者(50.1%)显著高于没有接受指导者(31%)(P0.05)。结论长沙市0~6个月婴儿纯母乳喂养率偏低,母乳喂养情况受孕期健康教育、分娩方式、早接触早吸吮、产后指导等多种因素影响。     

甘肃省农村地区婴儿母乳喂养及其影响因素的调查研究

目的:了解甘肃省农村地区1岁以下儿童4个月以内喂养方式及其影响因素,为改善该地区儿童的喂养现状提供科学依据。方法:采用分层随机整群抽样方法抽取甘肃省4市县农村地区1岁以下9个年龄组2 691例儿童及其主要抚养人进行喂养方式的问卷调查;用二分类Logistic多元回归筛选儿童喂养方式的影响因素。结果:胎次增加、母亲文化程度较低是4个月内纯母乳喂养的危险因素,产次是纯母乳喂养的保护因素;胎次增加、母亲年龄增加是婴儿母乳喂养的危险因素,产次增加、父母亲职业为农民是母乳喂养的保护因素。部分母乳喂养的4月龄婴儿的低体重率高于完全母乳喂养的婴儿(P=0.003)。结论:母乳喂养受家庭、社会等多方面因素的影响,应有针对性地加强我省农村地区科学喂养方式的健康教育。     

母乳喂养影响因素分析

目的:了解母乳喂养的状况及其影响因素。方法:将接受产后访视的产妇为调查对象,统一设计问卷,收集资料。结果:151例产妇中,平均母乳喂养率为86.09%。剖宫产或阴道难产、孕产期有合并症或并发症等因素的产妇其母乳喂养率低。结论:母乳喂养受分娩方式、孕期经过等因素的影响,应有针对性减少其不利因素,提高母乳喂养率。     

不同喂养婴儿方式对产妇产后体重变化的影响

目的 了解妇女生育后喂养方式对体重变化的影响.方法 对孕期和产后4～6个月的孕产妇进行纵向追踪调查,记录体重变化情况.根据产妇在4个月内喂养婴儿的方式分为基本纯母乳喂养组、混合喂养组和人工喂养组,比较各组体重变化情况.结果 产后4个月内基本纯母乳喂养率为63.8％.人工喂养组孕期增重和产后42d、产后4～6个月时体重减少值均显著高于基本纯母乳喂养组(P均＜0.01);产后4～6个月时,基本纯母乳喂养组妇女的体重和体重滞留量均显著低于人工喂养组(P均＜0.05).结论 妇女产后体重滞留与采用不同的喂养婴儿方式有关,进行母乳喂养婴儿的产妇产后体重恢复较慢,但是其孕期增重、产后体重和体重滞留量都较人工喂养者轻.因此,在加强产后纯母乳喂养宣传的同时,也要加强孕前保健知识的宣传.     

豫粤两省孕产妇家庭暴力现况比较

目的:在不同地域的较大范围内初步了解我国孕期及产后妇女家庭暴力的发生现况,分析产生家庭暴力的原因及其影响因素。方法:采用整体抽样的方法,于2004年3月~2004年9月在河南省和广东省的部分城镇医院产科门诊和住院部对待产及产后复查的2 835名妇女进行问卷调查。结果:2 835人中孕期曾发生家庭暴力的327人,发生率为11.5%;河南省孕期家庭暴力发生率为16.8%,广东省发生率为6.4%。1 776名产后妇女调查对象中464人遭受家庭暴力,发生率26.1%;河南省发生率为33.7%,广东省发生率为17.4%,两地发生率明显不同(P<0.001,OR=3.0)。孕妇家庭暴力发生的影响因素主要包括:文化程度和职业、家庭收入、家庭生活状况、社会文化背景等。在与非暴力组相比,暴力组孕妇的各种身心健康问题发生率明显增高(P<0.001)。结论;家庭暴力在我国城镇妇女孕期及产后有一定发生,且产后发生率较高,家庭暴力严重影响孕产妇身心健康,应该从多方面进行干预。     

丽水市0~6月婴儿母乳喂养现状分析

目的 了解丽水市区6月龄以下婴儿喂养情况及相关因素,为提高母乳喂养率提供参考。方法 自制调查问卷,对儿保科门诊6个月以下婴儿进行调查,就婴儿喂养、母亲情况及影响母乳喂养的相关因素进行分析。结果 调查675名婴儿,纯母乳喂养率为40.89%,部分母乳喂养率为39.11%,配方奶喂养占20.00%;不同月龄婴儿的喂养方式存在不同;单因素分析显示喂养方式与母亲文化程度、家庭月收入、母亲有无产科并发症、分娩方式、新生儿是否入住新生儿监护室、是否早开奶、母亲是否接受健康教育、出生胎龄等因素有关(P均<0.05);经Logistic回归分析显示,家庭月收入、分娩方式、新生儿是否入住新生儿监护室、是否早开奶、母亲是否接受健康教育5个因素有关。配方奶喂养比母乳喂养肥胖发生率更高。结论 加强健康教育、早开奶、降低剖宫产率、良好的环境及家庭氛围、在新生儿因疾病住院期间保持泌乳是提高母乳喂养率的有效措施。     

广州城郊婴儿出生及喂养情况调查

目的:了解目前广州市城、郊区婴儿出生及喂养情况,找出婴儿喂养存在的问题及影响因素。方法:采用整群随机抽样的方法,抽取广州市越秀区和白云区郊区共2 040名42天以上、1岁以内婴儿及其母亲作为调查对象,逐一进行面对面问卷调查。结果:广州市城、郊区低出生体重儿、巨大儿和早产儿发生率分别为3.75%、4.20%和6.13%,城区显著高于郊区(P<0.01)。婴儿4个月内母乳喂养率为41.99%,城、郊区差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);出生后4个月内添加辅食的比例是29.34%,4～6个月为70.28%。Logistic回归分析显示,影响喂养行为的主要因素有乳汁分泌量、分娩方式、母亲年龄、地域、母亲文化程度和家庭年收入等。结论:广州城、郊区婴儿喂养方式仍存在很多不合理现象,应根据人群不同特点有针对性地开展健康教育,普及营养知识和科学育儿观念,提高母乳喂养率,并适时合理地添加辅食,以促进婴儿生长发育。     

Breast feeding in Israel: maternal factors associated with choice and duration.

STUDY OBJECTIVES--To determine the influence of maternal characteristics on the incidence and duration of breast feeding. DESIGN--All the women who delivered in three obstetric wards within a two year period were surveyed. These three wards cover 93% of all births in the Jerusalem district. Women were interviewed on breast feeding of the previous child on the first or second day post partum by a research nurse. PARTICIPANTS--Altogether 8486 women whose previous pregnancy had resulted in a live born singleton who survived for at least one year. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--Breast feeding information was linked to demographic and health information from hospital records. Using logistic regression analysis, failure to start breast feeding was best predicted (p < 0.001) by caesarean delivery, infant's birth weight, maternal smoking habits, and mother being non-immigrant. Maternal age (< 24 or > 40 years) and father being an ultraorthodox Jew were also positively (p < 0.05) associated with the decision to breast feed. Long term breast feeding (three months or more) was strongly affected (p < 0.001) by maternal education level, with both women with the fewest and the greatest number of years of schooling more likely to breast feed. A similar association was observed in all ethnic groups. Primipara and grandmultipara (parity > 4), new immigrants, ultraorthodox Jews, and non-smokers breast fed their babies for longer. CONCLUSIONS--The importance of maternal characteristics in relation to breast feeding was shown. Caesarean delivery and the infant's birth weight were strongly related to the decision to breast feed as were the demographic characteristics of mother's age and her country of birth. Education was not related to this decision but was strongly associated with the duration of breast feeding, as was parity. The behavioural characteristics of smoking and being ultraorthodox were related to both the decision to start and the duration of breast feeding. Efforts to encourage breast feeding ought to be targeted during the hospital stay and post partum period towards women identified as being at increased risk.     

Patterns of variation in breast-feeding behaviors

This paper describes the range and patterning of variation in specific breast-feeding behaviors among a sample of 62 American mothers, as well as the relationship of the patterns to duration of exclusive breast feeding. Infant feeding data were collected using 24-hr records completed by mothers every 8 days through the first 6 months post partum. Behaviors examined were: number of daily feedings, minimum and maximum intervals between feedings, length of feedings and total daily nursing duration. Variation in magnitude of these behaviors ranged from three- to eight-fold. Principal components analysis found this variation patterned in two dimensions, relating to feeding frequency and length of time spent breast feeding. These dimensions accounted for approximately equal proportions of variance in the breast-feeding behaviors, totaling about 80% of all variance at 4 and 8 weeks. There was significant continuity of breast-feeding styles practiced by any one woman from 4 to 8 weeks. The feeding frequency dimension was strongly associated with duration of exclusive breast feeding. Three explanations--cultural, biological and biocultural--are proposed to account for this association. It is argued that the intracultural variation in breast-feeding styles in this sample may be sufficient to cause corresponding variation in breast milk production, in part accounting for variation in duration of exclusive breast feeding. Predictions of exclusive breast-feeding duration will be most accurate for women with a breast-feeding style of infrequent feedings, while predictions for women with a style of frequent feeding will be confounded by cultural factors which have an independent effect on breast-feeding supplementation.     

Maternal,paternal and environmental tobacco smoking and breast feeding

The effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) on breast-feeding patterns are poorly understood, while those of parental smoking on breast-feeding initiation vs. duration have not been clearly delineated. We conducted a prospective, population-based birth cohort study to examine the independent effects of maternal, paternal and ETS on breast-feeding initiation and duration. A total of 6747 Hong Kong Chinese infants were recruited and followed up in 1997-8. We obtained detailed household smoking history and recorded breast-feeding patterns in three follow-up interviews over 9 months. We found that both maternal and paternal smoking were associated with not initiating breast feeding (odds ratio [OR] for ever maternal smoking = 2.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.63, 3.86; OR for ever paternal smoking = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.08, 1.39). Exposure to ETS in utero and post partum were also related to not starting breast feeding (OR(ETS in utero) = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.99,1.24; OR(ETS post partum) = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.08, 1.36). These effects, however, did not persist for breast-feeding duration of < or = 4 months. Cox proportional hazards modelling confirmed the lack of association between any form of smoking and breast-feeding duration. Our findings suggest that smoking of any kind, during or after pregnancy, is a strong risk indicator for not initiating breast feeding. Smoking as a risk indicator for underlying socio-economic, demographic and psychosocial factors is probably responsible for most of the observed adverse effects, although we cannot rule out direct contributions from pathophysiological mechanisms. Public health strategies directed at these underlying factors should be vigorously pursued to reduce the adverse effects of tobacco on breast feeding and infant health in general.