苦参碱固体自微乳制剂的制备及其评价

目的 制备苦参碱固体自微乳颗粒,并对其进行质量评价.方法 通过固体吸附材料的优选,制备了苦参碱固体自微乳颗粒,建立了HPLC法测定颗粒中苦参碱及其体外溶出度的方法;对溶解后微乳的类型、pH值、Zeta电位、粒径进行研究.结果 选择微粉硅胶与甘露醇质量比2∶1为固体吸附材料,每克苦参碱微乳液需加微粉硅胶0.42 g,微晶纤维素0.21 g,50℃恒温干燥后成淡黄色的苦参碱自微乳颗粒,遇水快速形成澄明的液体,平均粒径79 nm,pH值为7.95,Zeta电位-1.34 mV,载药量23.51 mg/g,45 min内累积溶出94.2％以上.结论 苦参碱固体自微乳的制备工艺简单,制剂稳定,可为水难溶性药物的开发提供一个新方法、新思路.     

尼莫地平自微乳化颗粒的研制及质量评价

摘 要 目的:制备尼莫地平固体自微乳化颗粒,并对其进行质量评价。方法: 通过综合考察不同处方比例的成型率、重分散性及体外溶出度,筛选尼莫地平固体自微乳化颗粒的最佳处方,并对最佳处方的粒径、Zeta电位、溶出度进行考察,同时用差示扫描量热法（DSC）、X-衍射考察尼莫地平在制剂存在状态。结果:最佳处方为尼莫地平-油酸乙酯-Tween 80-PEG400-糊精-乳糖-甘露醇的质量比为0.03∶0.2∶0.55∶0.25∶1∶1∶2,其自微乳化后平均粒径(28.8±0.71) nm,30 min溶出度达80.7%。结论:尼莫地平固体自微乳化颗粒制备简单,质量稳定,可提高药物溶出度。     

坎地沙坦酯自微乳软胶囊的制备和溶出度评价

目的研制坎地沙坦酯自微乳软胶囊,并对其溶出度进行评价。方法制备坎地沙坦酯自微乳软胶囊,并按药典方法考察自微乳软胶囊与普通胶囊在三种不同溶出介质（水、0.1mol/L盐酸和pH6.8的缓冲溶液）中的溶出度。结果坎地沙坦酯自微乳释药系统处方为乙酸乙酯：聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油RH40：聚乙二醇400为9∶14∶7。坎地沙坦酯自微乳受溶出介质的影响小,且溶出速率高于普通胶囊。结论自微乳软胶囊能显著提高坎地沙坦酯的体外溶出。     

复方阿托伐他汀钙依泽麦布自微乳化片剂的制备与评价

摘 要 目的：制备复方阿托伐他汀钙依泽麦布自微乳化释药系统并固化压制成片剂,并考察其体外溶出情况。方法: 测定阿托伐他汀钙和依泽麦布在不同辅料中的溶解度,进行辅料配伍试验,并通过绘制由不同比例油相、乳化剂和助乳化剂组成的伪三元相图,以形成自微乳化区域面积大小指标,最终确定复方阿托伐他汀钙依泽麦布自微乳化释药系统的最优处方,评价自微乳化释药系统经水稀释后形成微乳的外观、微观形态、粒径分布、Zeta电位;将自微乳化释药系统固化并制备成片剂;比较复方阿托伐他汀依泽麦布片、自微乳化释药系统以及自微乳化片的体外溶出情况。结果: 确定的处方组成为：丙二醇单辛酸酯为油相,Solutol HS 15为表面活性剂,聚乙二醇600为助表面活性剂,最佳配比为5〖KG*9〗∶〖KG-*2〗3.75〖KG*9〗∶〖KG-*2〗1.25;自微乳化释药系统经水稀释后形成的微乳外观呈微泛蓝光的澄清、透明状液体;透射电镜下显示其呈圆整、规则球状分布;平均粒径为（44.2±19.5）nm,Zeta电位为（-24.1±1.3）mV;复方阿托伐他汀钙依泽麦布自微乳化释药系统以及自微乳化片在45 min时药物均可完全溶出。结论: 将阿托伐他汀钙依泽麦布制备成自微乳化片剂,可显著提高两种药物的体外溶出速度,制备工艺简单可行。     

灯盏花素固体自微乳剂的制备及体外溶出度的评价

目的研制灯盏花素固体自微乳剂(灯盏花素-SSMEDDS),并考察其体外溶出度。方法通过伪三元相图优化处方工艺,研究自微乳化系统中的油相、乳化剂及助乳化剂的组成和用量,筛选灯盏花素固体自微乳剂的最佳处方,并考察其理化性质及体外溶出度。结果灯盏花素固体自微乳剂的处方中,灯盏花素、GTCC、吐温-20、PEG-400、Transcutol-P、甘露醇的质量比为0.75∶0.69∶10.0∶7.02∶16.36∶65.17;乳滴粒径为34.62 nm;溶出度受溶出介质的影响为:人工肠液>水>人工胃液。结论自微乳剂能够改善灯盏花素的难溶性,固体自微乳剂的制备工艺简单,具有良好的应用前景。     

4-氨基-2-三氟甲基苯基维甲酸酯自微乳胶囊的研制

目的制备4-氨基-2-三氟甲基苯基维甲酸酯固体自乳化制剂,以解决该药水溶性差的问题,提高药物胃中溶出度和口服生物利用度。方法通过伪三元相图法考察不同乳化剂、助乳化剂和油相形成微乳的能力和区域,制备自微乳。然后采用mix-ture design方法进行处方优化,并对其乳化后粒径、制剂综合评分和载药量进行考察。结果制备出的最佳处方(含HS1570%,PEG400 10%,油酸乙酯20%)自乳化后粒径在30 nm左右,体外溶出10 min即可溶出80%以上。结论该处方制备出的ATPR固体自微乳可用于提高其溶出速度。     

松萝酸自微乳的处方优化及质量评价

目的:制备松萝酸自微乳,优化其处方,评价其质量。方法:采用乳化法,以中链甘油三酯-单亚油酸甘油酯(1∶1,m/m)为油相,聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油为乳化剂,二乙二醇单乙基醚为助乳化剂,制备松萝酸自微乳。在溶解度试验和伪三元相图的基础上,以自乳化时间(t)、透光率(T)、药物平衡溶解度(S)、5 min和60 min时药物的累积溶出度(Q_(5 min)、Q_(60 min))作为评价指标,采用星点设计-响应面法优化微乳处方中油相占比和乳化剂-助乳化剂质量比(K_m)。同时对最优处方进行验证试验,并对其形态、粒径、载药量、溶出度等进行考察。结果:最优处方中油相占比为25%、K_m为2.0,即处方中混合油相、乳化剂、助乳化剂的质量比分别为25%、50%、25%;最优处方所制松萝酸自微乳的t、T、S、Q_(5 min)、Q_(60 min)分别为1.96 min、87.67%、5.67 mg/g、66.58%、76.73%(RSD均小于3%,n=3),与预测值的相对误差均小于4%(n=3)。松萝酸自微乳经水稀释后为球形乳滴,乳化后平均粒径为39.4 nm,平均载药量为4.55 mg/g,在p H 6.8磷酸盐缓冲液中Q_(90 min)为99.58%(n=3)。结论:所制松萝酸自微乳的质量符合相关要求。关键词松萝酸;自微乳;伪三元相图;星点设计-响应面法;质量评价     

紫杉醇自微乳滴丸的制备及体外释放考察

目的研究紫杉醇自微乳滴丸的最佳制备工艺,考察其体外累积释药量。方法以自微乳与基质的比例、滴距、滴制温度、滴速为考察因素,采用正交试验法,以丸重差异、硬度、圆整度为指标,优选紫杉醇自微乳滴丸的最佳制备工艺,并进行体外累积释药的测定。结果优选的紫杉醇自微乳滴丸的最佳制备工艺:自微乳与基质配比为1∶3,滴距15cm,滴制温度80℃,滴速30滴/min。结论优选的工艺稳定、可行,制备的紫杉醇自微乳滴丸溶出度高。     

重楼总皂苷自微乳化颗粒剂的制备及体外溶出研究

摘 要 目的：制备重楼总皂苷自微乳化释药系统并固化成颗粒剂,考察其体外溶出情况。方法: 考察重楼总皂苷在不同辅料中的溶解度,并通过绘制由不同比例油相、乳化剂和助乳化剂组成的伪三元相图,确定重楼总皂苷自微乳化释药系统的最优处方,并将自微乳化释药系统固化制备成颗粒剂。评价自微乳化释药系统和自微乳化颗粒剂经水稀释后形成微乳的外观、微观形态、粒径分布、Zeta电位。比较重楼总皂苷自微乳化释药系统以及自微乳化颗粒剂的体外溶出情况。结果: 最终确定重楼总皂苷自微乳化释药系统的处方组成为：丙二醇单辛酸酯作为油相,吐温80作为乳化剂,丙二醇作为助乳化剂,最佳配比为7.0∶1.5∶1.5。重楼总皂苷自微乳化释药系统以及自微乳化颗粒剂经水稀释后形成的微乳外观呈微泛蓝光的澄清、透明状液体;平均粒径分别为（58.6±16.4）nm和（68.1±12.1）nm,PdI分别为（0.183±0.04）和（0.209±0.05）,Zeta电位分别为（-20.2±1.9）mV和（-18.9±1.5）mV;透射电镜下显示微乳呈圆整、规则球状分布。重楼总皂苷自微乳化释药系统以及自微乳化颗粒剂在45 min时药物的溶出度均超过85%。结论: 将重楼总皂苷制备成自微乳化颗粒剂可显著提高药物的体外溶出速度,制备工艺简单可行。     

姜黄素鼻用微乳凝胶剂的制备及性质考察

目的制备载药量高、纤毛毒性低、生物黏附性好的姜黄素鼻用制剂,以提高姜黄素脑部生物利用度。方法通过溶解度实验、纤毛毒性试验和三元相图进行微乳处方筛选,以载药量、载油量及粒径等为指标,应用单纯形网格法优化处方;采用直接溶胀法制备微乳凝胶并对该微乳凝胶进行影响因素考察;采用在体法纤毛毒性试验,以中华大蟾蜍的上颚黏膜为模型考察制剂的纤毛毒性;以转篮法测定微乳凝胶剂及混悬凝胶剂中药物释放度。结果姜黄素微乳凝胶剂最优处方为泊洛沙姆188-中碳链三甘酯-聚乙二醇400-水-卡波姆940的质量比为21.7∶5.0∶48.2∶25∶1,最大载药量68.97 mg.g-1;60℃、光照下含量明显下降;制剂组纤毛持续运动时间为生理盐水组的95.14%;微乳凝胶剂和混悬凝胶剂24 h累积药物释放量分别为100%、41.1%。结论所制备的姜黄素微乳凝胶剂具有载药量高、纤毛毒性低、可生物黏附的特点且较混悬剂释放完全,符合鼻用制剂标准。     

姜黄素自微乳化制剂制备及其稳定性研究

摘 要 目的:研究姜黄素自微乳化制剂（SMEDDS）的处方最佳组成和比例;考察SMEDDS对姜黄素稳定性的影响。方法: 用溶解性试验、初步筛选试验和伪三相图法进行姜黄素SMEDDS制备研究,通过评价自微乳化效果和乳滴粒径大小,绘制出姜黄素SMEDDS的成乳区域,优选处方的最佳组成和比例;采用HPLC-UV检测比较姜黄素提取物及其SMEDDS中姜黄素的含量变化。结果:姜黄素SMEDDS处方组成为中碳链甘三酯、聚氧乙烯蓖麻油、丙三醇时,能获得较好的自微乳化效果;光照、50℃和100℃加热各6 h,以及酸性条件下姜黄素及其SMEDDS稳定性良好。但pH＞7时,姜黄素迅速分解,其SMEDDS稳定。结论:姜黄素SMEDDS的处方比例为碳链甘三酯4.2 g、聚氧乙烯蓖麻油1.8 g、丙三醇4.0 g时,姜黄素载量为200 mg,制得的姜黄素SMEDDS乳化效果良好,且在弱碱性条件下其稳定性大大提高     

姜黄素Ⅲ与丝裂霉素联用抑制肝癌细胞BEL-7402的实验研究

目的研究姜黄素Ⅲ联合丝裂霉素抑制体外人肝癌细胞BEL-7402生长增殖的效果。方法体外培养人肝癌细胞BEL-7402,以四甲基偶氮唑蓝（MTT）法测2种药物对癌细胞的抑制率及联合用药时的抑制率。结果姜黄素Ⅲ、丝裂霉素均能抑制体外肝癌细胞增殖并呈时间与剂量依赖性。姜黄素10、20、40、80μmol／L与丝裂霉素1、2μmol／L联合用药24、48、72h的抑制率显著高于单独用丝裂霉素、姜黄素Ⅲ（P〈0．05）,两者呈现出相加的抗癌效果。结论姜黄素Ⅲ能有效抑制体外人肝癌BEL-7402细胞增殖．联合丝裂垂素用药时能提高丝裂霉素对人肝癌BEL-7402细胞的敏感性。     

脂肪乳稀释用姜黄素注射液的研究

目的开发一种脂肪乳稀释用姜黄素注射液。方法以姜黄素注射液的灭菌稳定性以及脂肪乳稀释稳定性为指标,进行处方工艺的研究;采用高效液相色谱法,建立含量测定方法。结果所制备的脂肪乳稀释用姜黄素注射液,高温灭菌时含量未见明显变化,且1mg·m L^-1脂肪乳剂分散稳定时间长达20h;姜黄素在0.01~0.2mg·m L^-1的浓度测定范围内线性良好,最低检测限为6ng·m L^-1。结论初步成功开发出了一种脂肪乳稀释用姜黄素注射液。     

Development and evaluation of self-microemulsifying liquid and pellet formulations of curcumin,and absorption studies in rats

This study describes the development and characterization of self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) in liquid and pellet forms that result in improved solubility, dissolution, and in vivo oral absorption of the poorly water-soluble compound curcumin. Solubility of curcumin was determined in various vehicles, including oils, surfactants and co-surfactants. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed to identify the most efficient self-emulsification region. The optimized SMEDDS used for curcumin formulations in liquid and pellet forms contained 70% mixtures of two surfactants: Cremophor EL and Labrasol (1:1), and 30% mixtures of oil: Labrafac PG and Capryol 90 (1:1). The curcumin-SMEDDS in liquid and pellet formulations rapidly formed fine oil-in-water microemulsions, with particle size ranges of 25.8–28.8 nm and 29.6–32.8 nm, respectively. The in vitro rate and extent of release of curcumin from liquid SMEDDS and SMEDDS pellets was about 16-fold higher than that of unformulated curcumin. Plasma concentration–time profiles from pharmacokinetic studies in rats dosed with liquid and pelleted SMEDDS showed 14- and 10-fold increased absorption of curcumin, respectively, compared to the aqueous suspensions of curcumin. Curcumin-SMEDDS liquid and curcumin-SMEDDS pellets were found to be stable up to 6 months under intermediate and accelerated conditions. These studies demonstrate that the new self-microemulsifying systems in liquid and pellet forms are promising strategies for the formulation of poorly soluble lipophilic compounds with low oral bioavailability.     

姜黄素-PLGA纳米粒提高口服给药生物利用度的研究

目的 研究乳酸/羟基乙酸共聚物（PLGA）纳米粒子提高姜黄素口服生物利用度。方法 采用乳液挥发法制备姜黄素-PLGA纳米粒;通过透射电镜（transmission electron microscope,TEM）观察纳米粒形态;采用动态光散射法（dynamic light scattering,DLS）测定纳米粒大小、表面电位（Zeta电位）;考察药物的体外稳定性以及药物释放行为;以大鼠口服灌胃给药方式考察姜黄素和姜黄素-PLGA纳米粒的体内药物生物利用度。结果 姜黄素-PLGA纳米粒粒度分布均匀,平均粒径大小约200 nm;姜黄素-PLGA纳米粒具有较高的载药量和包封率以及稳定性,体外药物释放实验结果显示具有一定的缓释效果;口服灌胃100 mg·kg^-1姜黄素和姜黄素-PLGA纳米粒,给药30 min之后,姜黄素-PLGA纳米粒给药组的血药浓度水平显著高于姜黄素组（P〈0.05）,药物生物利用度提高到原来的5.2倍。结论 姜黄素-PLGA纳米粒可以有效的提高姜黄素稳定性和口服给药生物利用度。     

瘤内注射用姜黄素温敏凝胶的处方筛选及pH值的确定

目的:筛选瘤内注射用姜黄素温敏凝胶的最佳处方,并确定其适宜pH值。方法:以胶凝温度、黏度、含药量为评价指标,通过正交试验筛选姜黄素温敏凝胶的最佳处方,并考察pH值对其稳定性的影响。结果:筛选出了姜黄素温敏凝胶的最佳处方为0.2%姜黄素、20%泊洛沙姆407、4%泊洛沙姆188、8%聚乙二醇400、12%1,2-丙二醇,pH值为6.0,其胶凝温度、黏度、含药量分别为(36.5±0.41)℃、(823±6.23)mPa.s和(0.207±0.0021)%。结论:制备的姜黄素温敏凝胶具有适宜的胶凝温度和黏度,含药量大,制剂稳定性好。     

Physiological barriers to the oral delivery of curcumin

Curcumin, a principal component from Curcuma longa, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities was proposed as a potential candidate for the preventation and/or treatment of cancer and chronic diseases. However, curcumin could not achieve its expected therapeutic outcome in clinical trials due to its low solubility and poor bioavailability. The actual intestinal physiological barriers limiting curcumin absorption after oral administration have not been fully investigated. To identify the main barriers curtailing its absorption, in vitro permeability of curcumin and flux of its glucuronide were monitored in rat jejunum and Transwell grown Caco-2 cells. Curcumin was more permeable under acidic conditions, but the permeability was substantially below the permeability of highly permeable standards. Its efflux could not be inhibited by specific Pgp and MRP inhibitors. BCRP was found to participate in curcumin transport, but the Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide (OATP) did not. The permeability of curcumin significantly increased when the structure of mucus was compromised. The inhibitor of curcumin metabolism, piperin, failed to act as a permeability enhancer. Piperin inhibited Pgp and MRP transporters and decreased the amount of glucuronide transported back into the intestine. Inclusion of piperin in curcumin-containing formulations is highly recommended as to inhibit curcumin glucuronidation and to increase the transport of formed glucuronides into the plasma, therefore increasing the probability of glucuronide distribution into target tissue and inter-convertion to curcumin. It would also be beneficial, if curcumin delivery systems could reversibly compromise the mucous integrity to minimize the non-specific binding of curcumin to its constituents.     

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of valproate, phenytoin, phenobarbitone and carbamazepine with curcumin in experimental models of epilepsy in rats

The present study investigates the interaction of curcumin with four antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in male Wistar rats. In the first protocol, seizures were induced using pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and valproate was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) in therapeutic and sub-therapeutic doses 30 min before PTZ administration. Curcumin was co-administered with sub-therapeutic dose of valproate 60 min before PTZ injection. In the second protocol, seizures were induced by maximal-electroshock. Phenytoin, phenobarbitone and carbamazepine were injected in their therapeutic and sub-therapeutic doses 120, 60 and 30 min, respectively, before seizure induction. Curcumin was administered along with sub-therapeutic doses of phenytoin, phenobarbitone and carbamazepine, 60 min before induction of seizures. Behavioral parameters were assessed using elevated plus maze test and passive avoidance paradigm. Rat brain oxidative stress parameters were assessed and the serum levels of the AEDs were estimated. The AEDs in their therapeutic doses produced complete protection against seizures. However, sub-therapeutic doses of these AEDs failed to completely protect against seizures. Co-administration of curcumin with sub-therapeutic dose of valproate significantly increased the latency to myoclonic jerks. The percentage protection against seizures with sub-therapeutic doses of valproate, phenytoin, phenobarbitone and carbamazepine was also enhanced by concomitant curcumin administration. Both PTZ and MES induced seizures caused significant impairment of cognitive functions. Co-administration of curcumin with these AEDs in their sub-therapeutic doses prevented the impairment of learning and memory due to seizures whereas no such improvement was observed in the groups administered the sub-therapeutic doses of the AEDs alone. Additionally, curcumin reversed the oxidative stress due to seizures. However, curcumin co-administration did not cause any significant alteration in the serum levels of the AEDs. The results thus suggest the potential of curcumin as an adjunct to these AEDs in epilepsy with the advantage of increasing the efficacy, reducing the dose and side effects of the AEDs.     

痛风颗粒剂的成型工艺优选

目的:优选痛风颗粒剂的成型工艺条件。方法:在确定辅料配比的基础上,采用L9(34)正交试验,以颗粒的外观、成型性、水分含量、流动性、溶化性和吸湿性作为综合指标,考察浸膏粉与辅料配比,润湿剂乙醇体积分数和用量的工艺参数。结果:最佳成型工艺条件为浸膏粉与辅料(糊精甘露醇乳糖=0.1:1:0.5)比为1:2,乙醇体积分数为80%,乙醇用量为11%。结论:该复方颗粒的成型率高,抗吸湿性强;优选的成型工艺简单、方便、可行,适合工业化生产。     

姜黄素对大鼠心肌缺血性损伤的保护作用

目的观察姜黄素对大鼠心肌缺血的保护作用，探讨可能的作用机制。方法用大剂量异丙肾上腺素（Ｉｓｏ）造成大鼠心肌缺血性损伤模型，观察姜黄素３个剂量组和对照组大鼠的心电图、血清酶（ＣＰＫ，ＬＤＨ，ＧＯＴ）活性和血清中游离脂肪酸（ＦＦＡ）含量以及血清和心肌组织中超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）的活性和脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）的含量的变化。结果姜黄素可使Ｉｓｏ诱导的大鼠心电图缺血性改变（Ｊ点下移）减轻，抑制血清ＣＰＫ，ＬＤＨ，ＧＯＴ活性的升高，抑制ＦＦＡ含量的升高，并可降低缺血心肌组织中ＭＤＡ的含量，且这些作用呈现一定的剂量依赖关系。结论姜黄素可提高大鼠心肌耐缺氧能力，对大鼠心肌的缺血性损伤具有一定的保护作用。该保护作用的机制可能与其清除自由基功能有关。