Rhabdomyoma of the larynx. Report of a case.

Review of the English literature shows six reported cases of "rhabdomyoma of the larynx." As far as we have been able to determine, only three cases of these have been undisputed rhabdomyoma. The case reported herein represents the first rhabdomyoma of the larynx that was removed under microsurgical conditions, and adds a fourth case to the literature.     

Differential diagnosis of cervical space occupying lesion: the parapharyngeal rhabdomyoma]

A case of a parapharyngeal rhabdomyoma is presented. Only about 30 cases of this benign tumor of striated muscles are reported in the literature. Most tumors were located in the lateral cervical region. Histologically a rhabdomyoma must be distinguished from other mesenchymal tumors, especially from granular cell myoblastoma, hibernoma and reticulohistiocytoma. The value of magnetic resonance imaging in the radiological evaluation of parapharyngeal masses is emphasized. Operative resection is generally regarded as the therapy of choice. Local recurrences have been reported in some cases; malignant degeneration is not known.     

Multifocal adult rhabdomyoma of the neck: a rare entity

Extracardiac rhabdomyoma comprise 2% of all tumors of skeletal muscle differentiation. Seventy percent of extracardiac rhabdomyoma occur in the head and neck region and have been subclassified into adult and fetal types. There are only about 100 cases reported in the literature. A review of the world literature revealed about 19 acceptable cases of benign, multifocal adult-type rhabdomyoma with a distinct male predominance. The pathogenesis of this benign striated muscle tumor is still unclear. These slow-growing tumors remain asymptomatic for a long period. The diagnosis of head and neck rhabdomyoma is based on histology and immunhistochemical studies. The differential diagnoses of rhabdomyoma in adults are myoblastoma or Abrikossof tumor, reticulohistiocytoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and hibernoma. We present a case of multifocal rhabdomyomas in the paratracheal and parapharyngeal space and discuss the clinicopathological features of this lesion. Although adult rhabdomyomas have a distinct histology, they often are mistaken for a variety of other lesions, particularly Abrikossof tumor. Light microscopy showed large round to elongated cells with granular, highly eosinophilic cytoplasm, often with peripheral vacuolation. Histology showed typical patterns of an adult type of rhabdomyoma with focal cross-striations. Immunhistochemically, all applied muscular markers were positive. Electron microscopic studies confirmed the tumor's myogenic origin. Myofibrils with Z band material, abundant mitochondria and glycogen particles were observed. Treatment is usually complete excision. Local recurrences have been reported in some cases; malignant degeneration is not known.     

Submandibular rhabdomyoma.

A case of recurrent adult rhabdomyoma of the submandibular gland is presented. This is a rare tumor of the skeletal muscle. Approximately 80 cases have been reported. The salient pathologic features are reviewed and a discussion and review of the literature is presented.     

Rhabdomyoma of the larynx

Since 1897 a total of 37 cases of extracardiac rhabdomyomas of the fetal type have been reported in the literature. Only two of these were localized in the larynx. We report an additional case of extracardiac rhabdomyoma localized in the larynx, and the pertinent literature is discussed. Although rare, its existence should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of laryngeal tumours.     

Extracardiac juvenile rhabdomyoma of the larynx: a rare pathological finding

The extracardiac juvenile rhabdomyoma is extremely rare in the field of Otorhinolaryngology. The tumour usually arises from the soft tissue of the face or from mucosal sites, especially the oropharynx and the oral cavity but only sporadic endolaryngeal cases have been described in literature so far with predominance of young males. Here, we describe the very rare case of endolaryngeal extracardiac juvenile rhabdomyoma in a 42-year-old male. Clinical examination showed a mass of the right vocal cord, resembling a cystic lesion. Microlaryngoscopy revealed a non-encapsulated lesion and histopathology including immunohistochemistry which consecutively led to the correct diagnosis. This case suggests that the endolaryngeal extracardiac juvenile rhabdomyoma can be easily confused with a vocal cord cyst. Malignant transformations have not been reported but recurrences have been described. When total excision cannot be accomplished, reoperation or narrow follow-up is indicated to prevent advanced revision surgeries.     

Recurrent fetal rhabdomyoma of the head and neck

We present a case of a congenital fetal rhabdomyoma which recurred after surgical excision. A review of the patient's chart, imaging studies, operative reports and histologic findings were conducted. A congenital fetal rhabdomyoma involving the head and neck region diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound and MRI was surgically excised without complications. The patient presented with recurrence of the tumor fourteen months after the initial surgery. This case report is supplemented with a review of the relevant literature on congenital fetal rhabdomyoma. This is the fifth documented case of recurrence of a fetal rhabdomyoma. Extracardiac rhabdomyomas are extremely rare benign tumors. Complete excision of these lesions is curative with only a handful of recurrences documented in the literature. Close follow up and a complete workup to rule out rhabdomyosarcoma is warranted in all cases of recurrence.     

Rhabdomyoma of the cricopharyngeus in an infant

Rhabdomyoma is a rare benign tumor characterized histologically by striated skeletal muscle. Rhabdomyomas can be classified into adult and fetal variants. The majority of adult variants arise in the head and neck region and are derived from the skeletal muscles of the pharyngeal (branchial) arches. The majority of cases of fetal variant rhabdomyomas have been described in the postauricular region of young children and the vulvovaginal region in middle-aged women. We present a case of a 15-month-old infant with a circumferential rhabdomyoma of the cricopharyngeus muscle requiring excision of the esophageal inlet and reconstruction with a free microvascular jejunal interposition graft. This case represents the youngest reported case of adult variant rhabdomyoma. The clinical, radiographic, and histologic findings of this unusual case and a review of reported cases of rhabdomyoma in the pediatric population will be presented.     

Adult rhabdomyoma of the larynx

Summary A case of rhabdomyoma of the larynx in a 76-year-old women patient is reported. The tumor was localized on the left vocal cord. This case is, so far described, the seventh one of adult rhabdomyoma of the larynx. The differential histological and histochemical diagnosis with granular cell myoblastoma is discussed and tabulated. Both tumors can easily be confused. In accordance with previously reported cases no evidence of recurrence after more than two years could be observed.     

Myogenic tumours of the larynx

Summary The pathology and clinical course of the very rare tumours of the smooth and striated muscles of the larynx are described. The literature is reviewed and personal cases of angioleiomyoma, leiomyosarcomas, rhabdomyoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma are reported.     

Adult rhabdomyoma in the parapharyngeal space: report of 2 cases and review of the literature

Rhabdomyomas are rare benign mesenchymal tumors with skeletal muscle differentiation. They are less commonly encountered than are their malignant counterparts, rhabdomyosarcomas. Rhabdomyomas fall into 2 general categories: cardiac and extracardiac types. Extracardiac rhabdomyomas are among the rarest tumors in humans and can be subclassified as fetal, juvenile, and adult types depending on the individual tumor's degree of differentiation by light microscopy. Adult extracardiac rhabdomyoma has a strong predilection for occurrence in the head and neck, mainly in the area of larynx and pharynx. In this article, 2 cases of parapharyngeal rhabdomyoma are reported together with a review of the world literature.     

Adult rhabdomyoma of the larynx.

A case of rhabdomyoma of the larynx in a 76-year-old woman patient is reported. The tumor was localized on the left vocal cord. This case is, so far described, the seventh one of adult rhadbomyoma of the larynx. The differential histological and histochemical diagnosis with granular cell myoblastoma is discussed and tabulated. Both tumors can easily be confused. In accordance with previously reported cases no evidence of recurrence after more than two years could be observed.     

Pharyngeal rhabdomyoma: a clinico-pathological study.

Adult extracardiac rhabdomyomas are rare with only 33 head and neck cases being reported in the world literature. In this select group, only nine cases have been found in the pharynx. We present two cases of pharyngeal rhabdomyoma focusing on the imaging findings, surgical approaches and more specifically on the histopathological and electron microscopic diagnosis of this interesting lesion. It is important to differentiate this tumor from other neoplasms, including granular cell myoblastoma, rhabdomyosarcomas, hamartomas, and fetal rhabdomyomas.     

Fetal rhabdomyoma of the posterior cervical triangle

Rhabdomyoma is an uncommon benign tumor, with the majority arising from cardiac muscle. Seventy to 90% of extracardiac rhabdomyomas are found in the head and neck region, usually within the upper aerodigestive tract. The case of a 7-month-old boy with an enlarging posterior triangle neck mass found to be fetal rhabdomyoma is presented. This location is quite rare for benign rhabdomyoma, with previous literature search showing overwhelming predilection for the upper aerodigestive tract.     

Multifocal adult rhabdomyoma: a case report and literature review

Adult extracardiac rhabdomyoma is an uncommon primary tumor of striated muscle origin that almost exclusively presents in the head and neck region. The occurrence of multifocality is a rare manifestation of this unusual lesion. In this study, we report a rare case of multifocal adult extracardiac rhabdomyoma in a patient presenting with an asymptomatic neck mass and provide a brief review of the literature on this entity.     

Multifocal adult rhabdomyoma of the head and neck: a case report and literature review

Adult rhabdomyoma is a rare, usually solitary, primary tumour of striated muscle origin that almost exclusively presents in the head and neck region with predilection for male. We herein present a rare case of a multifocal adult rhabdomyoma in a 72-year-old woman. The lesions were located, the first one in the area of the left aryepiglottic fold and the second one right cervical arising from oesophagus. The diagnosis of the cervical mass was obtained prior to resection through cytological examination (FNAC). We discuss the clinical, cytological and histological findings and we provide a brief review of the literature on this entity.     

Rhabdomyoma of the larynx: case report and clinical and pathologic review

We describe a case involving a 79-year-old man with symptoms of slowly progressive hoarseness resulting from a rhabdomyoma originating deep to the right true and false vocal folds. We also review the pathology and radiologic findings of rhabdomyoma.     

Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome and fetal rhabdomyoma: a case study

Fetal rhabdomyoma is not generally considered part of nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. However, a review of the literature revealed five patients with this syndrome who also had fetal rhabdomyomas in various locations. We report the first patient with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome and a fetal rhabdomyoma of the tongue. We recommend that embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma be ruled out to avoid overly aggressive treatment of these patients.     

Cervical adult rhabdomyoma presenting as a rapidly growing mass in a patient with diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Background Adult rhabdomyoma is a rare mesenchymal tumor, which generally grows slowly and is mainly localized in the head and neck area.Patient and methods We report the extraordinary case of a rapidly growing adult rhabdomyoma in a 73-year-old man. The patient was treated for diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkins lymphoma with CHOP therapy (doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone). Comparison of the respective computed tomography scans showed prominent enlargement of 35% in the tumor mass volume on the right side of the neck within 3 months. The tumor was highly suspicious for lymphoma. Surgical resection was performed.Results Histological examination revealed a tumor which was composed of tightly packed polygonal cells with a PAS-positive granular or vacuolated cytoplasm, occasionally with cross-striations. Immunohistochemically, the cells were positive for desmin, myogenin, Myo-D1, but negative for S-100. Due to these characteristic morphologies, adult rhabdomyoma was diagnosed.Conclusion This is the first report on an adult rhabdomyoma with a proven rapid enlargement. The possible pathomechanisms are discussed.     

Rhabdomyoma of the larynx

A rare case of rhabdomyoma of the larynx is described. This tumor may present difficulties in histopathologic diagnosis, especially in relationship to the granular cell tumor. The question of multicentricity in this patient arises and the need for conservative surgical therapy is emphasized.