金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药性及其耐氟喹诺酮机制的研究

目的了解金黄色葡萄球菌(金葡菌)的耐药性及其耐氟喹诺酮的机制。方法用纸片扩散法测定200株金葡菌对12种抗生素的耐药性,琼脂稀释法测定52株耐环丙沙星金葡菌对3种氟喹诺酮的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）。聚合酶链反应-限制性长度多态性分析及利血平逆转实验分别检测耐环丙沙星金葡菌gyrA和grlA基因突变及norA基因表达。结果耐甲氧西林金葡菌（MRSA）占34%,并对多种抗菌药物耐药,但对万古霉素均敏感。MRSA对环丙沙星的耐药率高达79.4%,且对其他氟喹诺酮交叉耐药。52株耐环丙沙星金葡菌中42株（80.8%）检出gyrA基因84位点突变,grlA基因80位点和84位点突变分别有10株（19.2%）和14株（26.9%）,gyrA或双基因突变株对环丙沙星的MIC显著高于单独grlA突变株或不存在gyrA84位点突变株(P<0.01)。利血平逆转后52株耐药菌对3种氟喹诺酮的MIC显著降低(P<0.01)。结论金葡菌的耐药性日趋严重,特别是MRSA仅对万古霉素等少数抗菌药物敏感,目前氟喹诺酮不适宜治疗MRSA;临床分离金葡菌耐氟喹诺酮的机制大多涉及药物作用靶位gyrA和grlA的基因突变以及主动外排泵增强,耐药菌株grlA突变位点可能有地区差异。     

河南蜂胶对白色念珠菌的抑菌作用研究

目的探讨河南蜂胶对白色念珠菌的抑菌效果。方法采用琼脂平板扩散法,以白色念珠菌为实验菌种,设置不同pH平板实验组和不同的蜂胶浓度组,每组重复3次,每张滤纸片(直径6mm)加样7μl,观察48h的抑菌效果。结果河南蜂胶在pH5.5、6.0、6.5、7.0、7.5、8.0、8.5条件下对白色念珠菌的抑菌环直径(mm)分别为:9.08±0.80、11.25±0.43、11.42±0.63、12.58±0.29、15.25±0.43、21.50±0.87、29.00±0.50;蜂胶浓度从15.50%～0.12%蜂胶组及空白对照组的抑菌环直径(mm)依次为:25.50±0.50、22.25±0.43、18.67±0.76、15.83±0.58、10.33±1.04、8.50±0.00、7.25±0.25、0、0、0。结论河南蜂胶对白色念珠菌的抑菌活性随蜂胶浓度和pH的降低而减弱,可观察到抑菌环的最低蜂胶浓度为0.25%。     

中草药单味与复方对幽门螺杆菌抑菌作用研究

幽门螺杆菌(Hp)是急慢性胃炎、消化性溃疡、胃癌的重要致病因素之一,现代医学研究又进一步将Hp分为有毒株与无毒株,并证明有毒株才是致病的根源,而无毒株对人体无害。自80年代开始,国内开始进行中草药对Hp抑菌作用的研究,但大样本系统性、规范性研究报道不多,并且未进行中药对Hp有毒株及无毒株分类的抑菌实验,本文对常用百余种单味中草药、并对胃病常用方剂进行了Hp有毒株及无毒株分类抑菌研究,报告如下。1　材料与方法1.1　单味药(根据高等医药院校教材《中药学》对中药的15种分类取临床常用药物):1解表药:苏梗、桂枝、苏叶、防风、白芷…     

大蒜对幽门螺杆菌抑菌作用的实验研究

为寻找大蒜对幽门螺杆菌（HP）抑菌作用的实验依据．对不同剂型大蒜进行了对HP的抑菌试验，并以铋剂、阿莫西林、甲硝唑、替硝唑、痢特灵、奥美拉唑和兰索拉唑等作抑菌对比；同时与上述药物进行联合抑菌试验。结果表明，大蒜对HP确有明显抑菌作用．并随其浓度升高而增强；大蒜提取液与阿莫西林有相互协同作用；与痢特灵、甲硝唑、替硝唑和铋剂联合有相互累加作用；与思密达、洛赛克和达克普隆联合也有一定累加作用。研究提示大蒜是一种新的抗HP药物。     

大蒜对幽门螺杆菌抑菌作用的实验研究

为寻找大蒜对幽门螺杆菌抑菌作用的实验依据，对于不同剂型大蒜进行了对ＨＰ的抑菌工以铋剂，阿莫西林，甲硝唑，替硝唑，痢特灵，奥美拉唑和兰索拉唑等作抑菌对比；同时与上述药物进行联合抑菌试验。结果表明，大蒜对ＨＰ确有明显抑菌作用，并随其浓度升高而增强；大蒜提取液与阿莫西林有相互协同作用，与痢特灵，甲硝唑，替硝唑和铋剂联合有机互累加     

E试验法在淋球菌药物敏感性试验中的应用评价北大核心

目的评价E试验（E-test）法检测淋球菌对5种药物敏感性的临床价值。方法对2014年深圳市淋球菌耐药监测项目收集的100株该地区淋球菌临床分离株,分别采用琼脂稀释法、E-test以及纸片扩散法（K-B法）进行头孢曲松、青霉素、大观霉素、环丙沙星以及阿奇霉素药敏试验,以琼脂稀释法结果作为标准,评价E-test与琼脂稀释法结果的一致率,比较E-test与K-B法的误差率及相关性。结果 E-test与琼脂稀释法测得的100株淋球菌对五种抗生素的50%最小抑菌浓度MIC50、MIC90以及MIC值范围大多完全相同或仅相差0.5~1.5个稀释度,两种方法具有较高的基本一致率（72%~98%）,其中一致率最高的是环丙沙星（98%）,其次是阿奇霉素（92%）,一致率最低的是青霉素（72%）。除青霉素E-test误差率（22%）高于K-B法（12%）外,其余四种抗生素E-test的误差率均低于K-B法,且与琼脂稀释法的相关性高于K-B法。结论环丙沙星和阿奇霉素的E-test可以作为琼脂稀释法的替代方法应用于临床,头孢曲松和大观霉素的E-test可能导致结果偏低,而青霉素由于同时具有较低的一致率和较高的误差率,则不适宜采用。     

120种中药对脑膜炎球菌抑菌作用的实验观察

目的 :观察中药对脑膜炎球菌的体外抗菌作用。方法 :琼脂打孔法。将供试药注入孔内 ,根据抑菌圈直径确定其抗菌力强弱。结果 :从供试的12 0种中草药中筛选出 6 6种对脑膜炎球菌具有不同程度的抑制作用 ,其中抑制力强者有黄连、黄柏、乌梅、五倍子、生大蒜、大黄、明矾、硼砂等 8种 ;抑制力中等者有黄芩、艾叶等 12种。结论 :部分中药对脑膜炎球菌有较强的体外抑菌作用     

芒果核提取物动物体内外的抗菌作用及安全性研究

目的 研究芒果核提取物动物体内外抑菌效果及其使用的安全性.方法 采用二倍稀释法及琼脂扩散法,观察芒果核提取物对常见肠道感染致病菌(标准和耐药)志贺痢疾杆菌、福氏痢疾杆菌、大肠埃希菌的体外抑菌作用;采用小鼠复制感染模型观察芒果核提取物动物体内抑菌效果;用小鼠空腹经口灌胃给予芒果核提取物做急性毒性试验.结果 芒果核提取物对标准和耐药志贺痢疾杆菌、福氏痢疾杆菌、大肠埃希菌有不同程度体外抑菌作用,其最低抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为7.8、7.8、7.8、15.6、15.6 mg/ml和15.6 mg/ml,抑菌圈直径分别为20、18、21、19、17、18 mm;动物体内大、中、小剂量对(标准及耐药组)福氏痢疾杆菌及志贺痢疾杆菌感染小鼠有明显抑菌作用;小鼠灌胃最大耐受量40 g/kg,相当临床用量的50倍.结论 芒果核提取物对常见3种肠道感染菌具有较明显的体内外抑菌作用及具有良好的安全性.     

利福昔明对幽门螺杆菌的体外抑菌作用研究

目的 评价利福昔明在体外对幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)是否存在抑菌作用及其最低抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC).方法 选择2019年4月至2019年12月在郑州大学第五附属医院行13C-快速尿素酶呼气试验检查(13C-UBT)...     

Black tea theaflavins extend the lifespan of fruit flies

Black tea extract (BTE) is a mixture of epicatechins and theaflavins. The present study investigated the effect of BTE on the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster. Results showed the mean lifespan was significantly extended from 51 to 56 days upon BTE treatment. Gene expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD1 and SOD2), catalase (CAT), and methuselah (MTH) was characterized by an increase in young and then a decrease in aged fruit flies. Higher gene expression of SOD1 and CAT was observed in the BTE-treated group than the control flies. However, BTE exerted a minimal effect on the expression of SOD2 and MTH genes. Dietary fat could induce oxidative stress and shorten the maximum lifespan to 15 days, while addition of 10 mg/ml BTE into diet extended it to 28 days. Paraquat and H₂O₂ challenge tests demonstrated that BTE prolonged the survival time only for Oregon-R wild type flies but not for SODⁿ¹⁰⁸ or Catⁿ¹ mutants. This suggests that the lifespan-prolonging activity of BTE is mediated at least in part through SOD and CAT.     

Effectiveness of black tea versus placebo in subjects with hypercholesterolemia: A PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis

AimTo determine if the black tea is more effective in serum lipid profile that placebo in subjects with hypercholesterolemia.DesignSystematic review with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs).Data sourcesThe databases Medline, Central, Embase, Lilacs, Cinahl, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science were searched from inception up to January 2019.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesRCTs that compared black tea versus placebo, that included serum lipid profile outcomes in subjects older than 18 years of age with hypercholesterolemia.ResultsSeven RCTs met the eligibility criteria, and for the quantitative synthesis, six studies were included. Mean difference for total cholesterol was 1.67 mg/dl 95% CI = ?5.47 to 8.80 (p = 0.65), mean difference 0.28 mg/dl, 95% CI = ?3.89 to 4.45 (p = 0.90) for triglycerides, mean difference 3.21 mg/dl, 95% CI = ?11.02 to 4.60 (p = 0.42) for low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, mean difference 0.38 mg/dl, 95% CI = ?1.12 to 1.87 (p = 0.62) for high density lipoprotein-cholesterol.ConclusionIn the short term, no significant differences were found in lipid serum profile comparing black tea consumption with placebo.     

Oleander tea: herbal draught of death

A woman died after drinking herbal tea prepared from oleander (Nerium oleander) leaves. This case demonstrates the cross-reactivity between the cardiac glycosides in oleander and the digoxin radioimmunoassay. Digoxin-specific Fab antibody fragments have not been used in oleander poisoning, but these might prove to be lifesaving. Treatment of oleander toxicity is aimed at controlling arrhythmias and hyperkalemia; inactivation of the Na-K ATPase pump, however, can make treatment difficult.     

56例住院患者呼吸道真菌感染的临床分析

目的探讨呼吸道真菌感染的病因、发病机制、临床特点、常见菌种及有效的治疗药物。方法分析我院呼吸内科2002年1月～2006年8月56例住院患者呼吸道真菌感染的临床资料。结果56例呼吸道真菌感染患者中,上呼吸道感染14例（23．7％）,下呼吸道感染45例（76．3％）。白色念珠菌36株（57．1％）,非白色念珠菌18株（28．6％）。其主要诱因为不合理使用抗生素、长期使用激素、细胞毒类药物或其它免疫抑制剂、气管插管、气管切开及人工机械呼吸等。结论近年呼吸道真菌感染的发病率明显增加,以白色念珠菌最常见,其临床表现不典型,诊断主要靠胸部X线检查和深部痰培养。酮康唑和氟康唑治疗呼吸道真菌感染是安全有效的。     

蛋白质和维生素C对饮茶型氟中毒大鼠各器官病理形态学改变的影响

目的　研究蛋白质和维生素 C(VC)对饮茶型氟中毒大鼠的影响 ,从而为防治饮茶型氟中毒提供科学依据。方法　以常规饲料饲养 Wistar大鼠 ,并给予氟含量为 10 0 m g/L的砖茶水 ,为期 3个月 ,建立饮茶型氟中毒大鼠动物模型 ;同时 ,给实验组大鼠分别补充酪蛋白 4 0 g/kg和 VC 1g/kg,通过组织病理学观察蛋白质和 VC对饮茶型氟中毒大鼠的影响。结果　不论是组织学改变还是超微结构 ,加蛋白质和加 VC组大鼠细胞损伤均较轻 ,尤其是加 VC组更为明显。结论　蛋白质和 VC对氟中毒大鼠细胞 ,尤其是亚细胞膜性结构有一定的保护作用 ,证明膳食营养在一定程度上可拮抗氟的毒性作用 ,减轻氟中毒病情     

肺结核合并肺毛霉菌感染的临床分析

目的探讨肺结核合并肺毛霉菌感染的防治。方法对8例肺结核合并肺毛霉菌感染的危险因素、临床表现、诊断及治疗进行总结分析。结果8例肺结核患者经深部痰培养临床确诊为肺毛霉菌感染。用两性霉素B治疗大约4周后,6例有效,1例出现肾功能不全合并高钾血症行透析治疗,1例合并蛛网膜下腔出血死亡。结论肺毛霉菌病因临床表现无特异性,易误诊。早期诊断,规范抗结核治疗,合理应用抗生素、激素,早期应用两性霉素B脂质体是提高肺结核合并肺毛霉菌病治愈率的关键。     

Chinese tea consumption and lower risk of Helicobacter infection

BACKGROUND: Our first study had shown that Chinese tea has anti-Helicobacter activity. The present study investigated the relationship between patients'Helicobacter status and the history of Chinese tea consumption. METHODS: Chinese patients who had their first upper endoscopy were recruited. Before the procedure, patients completed questionnaires about their current Chinese tea consumption habits and those when they were around 10-25 years old. This information was used to calculate the tea consumption indices (TCI). Gastric biopsies (two from the antrum and two from the corpus) were taken for histological examination for Helicobacter. RESULTS: Eighty patients were recruited. Eight patients were rejected because of either an incomplete questionnaire, absence of gastric biopsy or a suspected history of treatment for Helicobacter infection. Of the 72 patients, 42 (58.3%) were Helicobacter positive. The age, sex ratio and indications for endoscopy were similar in both Helicobacter-positive and -negative groups. Classifying patients using either current, past or total TCI, patients with high tea consumption had significantly lower Helicobacter infection rate than those with low tea consumption (45% compared to 74%, 42% compared to 67% and 40% compared to 83%, respectively). Helicobacter-negative patients had higher overall TCI than Helicobacter-positive patients (28.2:17.3). When current and previous histories were analyzed separately, Helicobacter-negative patients also had a trend towards higher TCI currently (16.6:11.0) and in their 20s (11.6:6.1). CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant inverse relationship between Chinese tea consumption and Helicobacter infection. Chinese tea consumption may decrease the chance of Helicobacter infection.     

老年人院内继发肺部真菌感染的临床分析

目的探讨老年人院内继发肺部真菌感染（PFIH）的临床特点、危险因素及预防措施。方法对34例肺部真菌感染的病例进行临床分析。结果 34例患者均有基础疾病,其中以COPD导致的PFIH最多,占38.2%。广谱、多种抗生素的长时间应用,糖皮质激素和免疫抑制剂的使用,是PFIH常见的医源性因素。痰培养白色念珠菌占77.8%。结论应尽可能减少或避免导致PFIH常见的医源性因素,提高免疫力,预防PFIH的发生。     

Probable gastrointestinal toxicity of kombucha tea

Kombucha tea is a health beverage made by incubating the Kombucha “mushroom” in tea and sugar. Although therapeutic benefits have been attributed to the drink, neither its beneficial effects nor adverse side effects have been reported widely in the scientific literature. Side effects probably related to consumption of Kombucha tea are reported in four patients. Two presented with symptoms of allergic reaction, the third with jaundice, and the fourth with nausea, vomiting, and head and neck pain. In all four, use of Kombucha tea in proximity to onset of symptoms and symptom resolution on cessation of tea drinking suggest a probable etiologic association.