心理干预联合性健康教育对青少年青春期性健康的影响研究

目的:分析心理干预联合性健康教育对青少年青春期性健康的影响。方法:选取某中学愿意接受青春期性健康调查的学生536名,随机分成实验组256人和对照组280人。实验组进行性健康教育和心理健康指导课程的学习,对照组仅进行性健康教育学习。采用问卷调查的形式分别对分组前和分组后所有学生青春期性健康进行调查。应用统计学方法对所得结果进行统计学分析。结果:(1)分组前仅41.1%的青少年对性知识有所了解;对性知识的主要来源为阅读书籍和看电视;约70%学生在青春期产生恐惧、羞涩等心理。(2)实验组和对照组对性知识完全了解的学生约70%,两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),与分组前相比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);对性知识的主要来源为性健康教育课程;实验组78.0%的学生产生高兴心理,与分组前相比,惊奇、恐惧、紧张等心理差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),与对照组相比,羞涩、紧张和高兴所占比值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:性健康教育联合心理健康指导不仅让青少年学到了性健康知识,还减少了青春期存在的恐惧、羞涩等心理,促进了青春期身体和心理的健康发展。     

青春期少女性健康教育的思考与探索

本文从青春期少女的性生理、性心理、性伦理以及避孕知识、性病知识等角度对青春期少女的性健康教育进行了初步的分析和探索,以期对青春期少女这个特殊群体开展有效的性健康教育提出一些思考和建议。     

以精神文明为目标的青春期性健康教育(二)

6.以品德教育为基础的模式有助于预防性骚扰和性剥削性别之间以及男女在发育方面的差异必须受到尊重(特别是在发育的脆弱阶段),这样才能避免男孩子和女孩子相互伤害,才能帮助他们发育到成熟,充分发育为完全的成年人。两种教育模式都努力使性骚扰和性剥削减到最少,可是以避孕技术为基础模式会在无意中鼓励这些行为。沙利特认为,在进行坦率的性谈话和接受毫无亲密感和承诺的性关系中,女性无法与男性竞争。在课堂上开展以避孕技术为基础的性教育,必然要进行这样的讨论,涉及这样的态度。这使男子处于有利的地位。     

以精神文明为目标的青春期性健康教育(一)

也许对一个人来说,什么都比不上家庭文化重要,家庭文化的内容包括亲子关系、同胞关系和配偶关系的规范。青少年性健康教育的目的是为他们今后结婚、过家庭生活作准备,使青年人适应社会生活,能正确面对流行的性道德规范。当代的西方世界有两种互相竞争的性健康教育模式。其中一种可以称为以避孕为基     

青春期教育是一项紧迫的社会工程

英语“青春期”(puberty)一词来自拉丁语“puberfas”,其含义是“具有生殖能力”,是指儿童逐渐长大为成年人的一个过渡期,是根据第二性征的出现和生殖器官功能逐渐发育成熟而指称的一个特定阶段。世界卫生组织(WHO)将青春期的年龄范围定为10岁～20岁,是少男少女从小学生到中学生的成长期。伴随身体迅速发展的是心理急剧变化。一方面,性器官逐渐发育成熟,女性出现月经,男性出现遗精,性兴奋随之出现,从而萌发对异性的兴趣,性冲动、手淫是青春期容易发生的现象,另一方面,当青春期发生种种生理变化时,由于青少年朋友缺乏对自身身体发育的认识,加之自控能力较差,往往会产生迷惑、焦虑、恐惧等心理上的不适反应。     

特殊职业人群对现场救护能力认知的定性研究

目的探讨特殊职业人群对现场救护的认知状况与能力需求,为特殊职业人群现场救护能力的界定提供参考依据。方法采用定性研究无结构式访谈的方法,对金华市区交警、消防员、出租车司机等3种不同职业共70名工作人员进行专题小组访谈和个人深入访谈。访谈内容包括特殊职业人群对现场救护的心理、行为表现及对救护技能的认知状况。结果3种特殊职业人群在救护现场表现出的心理、行为有差异,对现场救护能力的需求有差异。结论由于各从业人员的职业特点及现场救护知识的储备不同,造成他们现场救护的心理、行为反应不同,对救护能力的需求不同。     

探索建立有中国特色的青春期性健康教育体系

定义了青春期性健康教育的内涵,探讨了青春期性健康教育与素质教育的关系,剖析了我国青春期性健康教育的现状。结合浦东新区“青春健康”国际合作项目的开展及进行青春期性健康教育的实践,探索建立具有中国特色的青春期性健康教育体系,思考确立青春期性健康教育的主要目标和教育模式,改进与提升青春期性健康教育的水平和质量。     

青春期性健康教育的地位、内容和方法

青春期性健康教育已被一些地区列为中学生素质教育内容。但普遍开展这项工作还存在着教材未定、师资匮乏以及教学时间安排等问题。一、开展青春期性健康教育是建设社会主义精神文明青春期性健康教育,是以普通性科学知识和性伦理知识为内容,面向青少年的素质教育,是“实现以思想道德修养、科学教育水平、民主法制观念为主要内容的公民素质显著提高”的重要组成部分。这正是我国社会主义精神文明建设的主要目标之一。     

杭州市高中生青春期性健康状况的调查

杭州市学校青春期性健康教育工作通过广大教师近二十年的努力，已在校园内逐步课程化或活动系列化。1995年和2000年，杭州市教科所曾进行过两次中学生性健康教育状况的调研，这两次调查对于我们近十年的学校青春期健康教育工作改进与发展具有很重要的现实意义。随着近几年社会文化环境的变化，青少年的性健康发展要求更高。但是，由于每一个青少年进入青春期的时间不一样，     

双重态度模型理论对性态度研究的启示

受教育者的性态度一直是性健康教育的关键点,同时也是难点之一。本文从双重态度模型理论出发,在多年的性健康教育的教学与实践的基础上,对内隐性态度的测量以及如何改变不良性态度,重塑、完善健康的性态度进行了阐述。     

中国人性健康知识认知情况调查

目的:为了解国人对性健康、性知识的认知与了解情况及出现性功能障碍时的应对方式,在网上进行问卷调查。方法:自2015年7月15日至2015年10月25日,对国人通过网络进行性健康认知调查。结果:(1)本次调查共收到有效问卷3060份调查;(2)在性健康常识方面,尽管83.5%被调查者了解抽烟喝酒可以影响性功能,88.8%的人赞同"勃起功能障碍可能是其他疾病的表现,一旦出现,应咨询医生",但当人们的性生活出现不协调或困难时,高达65.6%人们选择网上搜寻治疗,甚至还有11.3%被调查者表示不知道该怎么办;(3)在询问被调查者就医感受时,65.7%的人表示专业的医疗机构或部门少,12.5%的人表示曾经上当受骗。结论:调查发现国人性健康认知情况不容乐观,还需进一步加强推广科普性健康教育。     

新媒体平台对青少年性与生殖健康教育需求识别的探索研究

从在校学生出发,基于新媒体手机网络平台,以提供服务的可行性、可持续性和隐私保护性为指导原则,我们对于目前青少年性与生殖健康的教育新模式进行了初步的探索研究。主要是通过青春健康微信公众平台的建立,定期青春期性与生殖健康相关咨询内容的推送,以“细雨润无声”的方式进行青春健康主动宣教。健康资讯以青少年在生长发育特殊阶段出现的生理、心理相关的青春期性与生殖健康教育相关信息为主,带启发性的关注青春期心理健康为辅,并关注时事热点,推送青春健康相关的新视角、新观点和新动态,利用微信平台获取信息的快速性、在学习时间和地点上的便利性、学习方式的多样性、使用的隐秘性、资源共享性和便利的互动性,对青少年性与生殖健康的教育新模式进行了初步的探索研究,为今后深化利用新媒体平台开展青少年性与生殖健康教育提供新思路、新方向和新参考。     

大学生性爱观:一项质的个案研究

性爱观指人们对于性、爱情以及性和爱情关系的基本看法及所持有的态度评价,是指导其性与爱行为的心理因素,包含认知方式、态度评价、行为倾向三个层面。爱与性已成为大学生在校生活中面临的重要人生内容,直接影响着他们的恋爱与性行为。本研究基于质的研究方法,经由网络进行调查,选取20人资料饱和的问卷进行编码、归类和分析。研究发现,大学生性爱观具有以下诸特点,如:性爱结合是主流,他们肯定性对爱的增进作用;大学生作为性爱观主体,或客体,在男女性别维度上,都存在较明显的双重标准。     

某警察学院大学生性健康教育现状及需求调查

目的：了解四川某警察学院大学生性生殖健康教育的现状及需求,为相关院校今后更好地开展性教育提供理论依据.方法：采用自行设计的问卷,对四川某警察学院大学生进行问卷调查.结果：53.62％中学时期不知道有性教育课;83.75％大学时期不知道有性教育课.87.15％的受访者认为有必要进行性教育,性生理卫生（89.89％）、性心理卫生（85.39％）和STD防治（84.27％）是最重要的教育内容.12.70％的大学生从家人获得过性知识,59.97％的大学生从网络获取性知识,而接受性知识最愿意的方式是健康咨询（52.88％）.结论：该校大学生性教育课程状况欠佳.今后学校应依照大学生的实际需求,开设健康咨询为主多种形式的性教育课程,家庭性教育也应该发挥其重要的作用,促进大学生性生理、性心理、性行为的健康发展.     

Tactics employed by healthcare providers in the humanitarian sector to meet the sexual and reproductive healthcare needs of undocumented migrant women in Denmark: A qualitative study

ObjectivesTo explore the tactics adopted by healthcare providers in the humanitarian aid sector to meet the sexual and reproductive healthcare needs of undocumented immigrant women whose entitlements in the Danish national health services are restricted to emergency care only.MethodsWe conducted six semi-structured interviews between January 2020 and April 2020 with healthcare providers working across four health centers providing sexual and reproductive healthcare to undocumented migrants in Copenhagen. The interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed and subjected to a thematic network analysis.ResultsHealthcare providers adopted a number of tactics to meet the SRH needs of undocumented women. They used their position as volunteers to gain women’s trust, drew on personal networks in the public healthcare sector, accompanied women to public hospitals, worked with professionals from the migrant communities, and promoted secondary prevention using their cultural knowledge to respond to the SRH needs of undocumented women. Results highlight that while “informal” settings enable these flexible tactics, fully meeting the SRH needs of undocumented migrants is negatively affected by their limited entitlements to public healthcare.ConclusionThese tactics demonstrated the efforts of healthcare providers to use the NGO space to try to achieve SRH of undocumented women in a restrictive public healthcare sector. Nonetheless, these tactics, particularly the use of personal networks, did not always result in undocumented migrants having their SRH needs met, particularly in cases of serious illness, demonstrating a concerning gap in care.     

Case–control study to identify melanoma risk factors in the Belgian population: the significance of clinical examination

BACKGROUND: Although numerous studies have evaluated risk factors associated with cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM), no such study has been carried out in Belgium. OBJECTIVES: To identify individuals who are at high risk of developing malignant melanoma in Belgium, which could enhance the efficacy of screening interventions and avoid unnecessary skin inspections. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING/SUBJECTS: We prospectively included patients who were diagnosed with invasive malignant melanoma between 1998 and 2001 at the Department of Dermatology in a case-control study. Controls were selected from the outpatient dermatology clinic. Participants were interviewed and clinically examined by a dermatologist. We asked questions concerning most known risk factors associated with malignant melanoma such as phenotypical and skin characteristics, and environmental and lifestyle exposures. To adjust for confounding variables and to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), a multivariate model was used. RESULTS: Although sunburn in childhood and substantial occupational solar exposure were modestly, but significantly, associated with malignant melanoma risk, clinical examination yielded several stronger risk factors. In a multivariate model, which adjusted for age, gender and skin phototype, phenotypical characteristics such as skin, hair and eye colour were significantly associated with the development of malignant melanoma. In the multivariate model, people with three or more atypical naevi were at more than 10-fold risk of developing a malignant melanoma (> or = 3 atypical naevi; adjusted OR = 11.40, 95% CI = 4.79-17.53) compared to those without an atypical naevus. The presence of one or more palpable naevi on the upper extremities or having solar lentigines increased the odds of developing malignant melanoma at least twofold. CONCLUSIONS: In Belgium, risk factors associated with malignant melanoma appear to be in accordance with previous studies. To assess peoples' risk profile, clinical skin examination is likely to yield the most important sporadic malignant melanoma risk factors. Therefore, focusing screening campaigns on individuals with predefined findings on skin self-examination may increase its efficacy.     

网络色情与性教育影响大学生的对比分析

目的：了解网络色情和性教育影响大学生的范围和程度。方法：首先选取成都地区7所高校2000名一至四年级本、专科生及少量研究生为随机调查对象（即对照组），另选255名接受过性教育的本、专科生为干预后的调查对象（即干预组），分别对其进行结构式问卷调查和少数人的非正式访谈。使用excel输入数据，自行分析数据。结果：出现数据“倒挂”现象，即干预组成员中，自认浏览网络色情以及由此产生的身心反应、迷恋程度等的比率，明显高于对照组。结论：数据“倒挂”是一个警示：我国性教育亟待普及。     

The experience of being a partner to a childbearing woman whose pregnancy is complicated by pre-eclampsia: A Swedish qualitative study

BackgroundPre-eclampsia affects 3–5% of all pregnant women and is among the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality as well as iatrogenic preterm birth worldwide. Little is known about the experience of partners of women whose pregnancy is complicated by pre-eclampsia.AimTo describe partners’ experience of having a spouse whose pregnancy was complicated by pre-eclampsia.MethodsA qualitative study with in-depth interviews. Eight partners of women whose pregnancy was complicated by pre-eclampsia were interviewed and data were analysed using content analysis.FindingsPartners found themselves in an unfamiliar and unexpected situation. They experienced an information gap in which they tried to make sense of the situation by interpreting subtle signs. The situation left them feeling emotionally stretched, feeling like an outsider while trying to provide support for their extended family. The partners experienced a split focus after the baby was born, prioritising the baby while worrying about their spouse. Post-partum, they expressed needing time to process and heal after childbirth. A need for professional support was highlighted and concerns about a future pregnancy were voiced.ConclusionHaving a spouse who is diagnosed with pre-eclampsia is challenging and overwhelming. Our findings imply a need to develop a model of care for women with pre-eclampsia that includes their partner, i.e., the other parent.