内侧髌股韧带重建术治疗复发性髌骨脱位的疗效研究

目的探讨游离肌腱移植重建内侧髌股韧带的手术方法及治疗复发性髌骨脱位的疗效。方法自2006年6月至2012年7月收治复发性髌骨脱位患者共40例（47膝）,男10例（12膝）,女30例（35膝）,年龄7～51岁,平均19．4岁。全部经膝关节镜检最后确诊,其中43膝采用游离自体半腱肌,4膝采用异体肌腱,通过髌骨双隧道移植重建内侧髌股韧带,镜下动态调整移植肌腱的张力,使髌股关节对合达到正常,并用挤压螺钉将肌腱游离端固定在股骨止点。其中8例（10膝）同时行髌韧带止点内移术。结果有36例（42膝）患者获得随访,随访时间3—70个月,平均随访23个月。临床疗效评价包括髌骨主观稳定性评估、Lysholm膝关节评分及Insall疗效标准（1976年）。术后髌骨外推试验和恐惧试验均为阴性。手术前后Lysholm评分术前平均为（63．1±9．1）分,术后评分为（87．1±6．4）分,手术前后的差异有统计学意义（t=21．7,P〈0．05）。按Insall疗效标准,优良率为85．7％。结论采用以游离肌腱重建MPFL为主的综合术式治疗复发性髌骨脱位,手术效果满意。     

复发性髌骨脱位治疗中内侧髌股韧带重建术的研究进展

复发性髌骨脱位是引起青少年膝关节功能障碍的常见疾病,其定义为髌骨脱位发生两次及两次以上,是一种骨科及运动医学临床常见的疾病。复发性髌骨脱位的病因有很多,但归根结底,髌骨在活动中所处的异常力学环境是引起不稳的根本原因。研究发现内侧髌股韧带被认为是限制髌骨向外脱位最重要的软组织结构,因而重建内侧髌股韧带对成功治疗复发性髌骨脱位起着重要的作用。但复发性髌骨脱位往往是一个多因素引起的临床问题,除了纠正软组织的异常外,骨性结构的异常也是一个不容忽视的问题。本文对近年来对内侧髌股韧带的解剖、生物力学、手术技巧、治疗结果及术后并发症的研究情况进行了综述。     

Trochleoplasty and medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction for recurrent patellar dislocation

We report a case of recurrent patellar dislocation with high-grade trochlear dysplasia which persisted despite two previous operations. We did a Dejour''s sulcus deepening trochleoplasty, medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction, and lateral retinacular release. Trochleoplasty and medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction is required in patients with high grade trochlear dysplasia.     

内侧髌股韧带双束解剖重建治疗髌骨脱位

[目的]介绍采用横穿髌骨的双髌骨骨道技术解剖重建内侧髌股韧带(medial patellofemoral ligament,MPFL)治疗复发性髌骨脱位的手术技术和效果。[方法]有35例患者(37例膝)符合本研究纳入标准,平均年龄(22.14±5.58)岁(14~36岁),术后平均随访(30.62±12.78)个月(15~56个月)。本研究使用同种异体肌腱作为移植物,髌骨及股骨侧均于MPFL解剖止点处固定,其中髌骨侧采用横穿髌骨的双骨道技术,股骨侧使用可吸收挤压螺钉固定。术前和术后采用临床及影像学进行疗效评估。[结果]术前Kujala和Lysholm评分分别为(57.13±9.06)和(47.08±14.14),末次随访其相应评分分别为(91.71±2.81)(P0.05)和(91.81±4.95)(P0.01)。术前所有患者髌骨恐惧试验均为阳性,术后均为阴性。Insall-Salvati指数从(1.23±0.16)降为(1.08±0.08)(P0.01),Blackburne-Peel指数从(1.09±0.15)降为(0.90±0.20)(P0.01),Caton-Deschamps指数从(1.18±0.15)降为(0.96±0.15)(P0.01),髌骨适合角从(18.30±17.40)°降为(3.11±9.90)°(P0.01),髌股外侧角从(3.43±3.78)°增加到(14.94±5.67)°(P0.01)。所有患者均未发生髌骨骨折及再次脱位。[结论]采用横穿髌骨的双髌骨骨道技术解剖重建MPFL是一种可靠的治疗髌骨脱位的方案,能明显改善髌骨稳定性及膝关节功能。     

双束解剖重建内侧髌股韧带治疗髌骨脱位的疗效分析

[目的]探讨双束解剖重建内侧髌股韧带治疗髌骨脱位临床疗效,为临床治疗提供参考。[方法]选择60例髌骨脱位患者,采用双束解剖重建内侧髌股韧带进行治疗,术后行膝关节CT检查,测量股骨滑车沟角、关节融合度角、外侧髌骨角、髌骨倾斜角;采用Kujala评分和Lysholm评分对膝关节功能进行主观评估,并与术前进行对比。[结果]术后患者全部获得随访,平均时间为(12.9±2.5)个月。伤口一期愈合,无感染、不愈合发生,无下肢深静脉血栓形成。体格检查髌骨倾斜试验、髌骨外推试验阴性,无复发性脱位发生。术后CT测量,髌股适合角由(21.89±4.49)°减小为(10.70±2.12)°;外侧髌骨角由(2.03±5.49)°增加为(8.29±2.13)°;髌骨倾斜角由(22.10±4.2)°减小为(12.70±1.65)°,差异均具有统计学意义。关节功能评分:Kujala评分由(57.47±7.99)提高为(87.57±5.88);Lysholm评分由(62.32±5.36)提高为(92.15±3.61),差异均具有统计学意义。[结论]内侧髌股韧带双束解剖重建治疗髌骨脱位,能纠正不良的髌骨轨迹,改善患者主观症状,提高膝关节功能。短期临床观察无复发性脱位发生,但是重建手术中创伤大,中期疗效还需要进一步研究探讨。     

Double-bundle anatomical versus single-bundle isometric medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction for patellar dislocation

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) using the double-bundle anatomical or single-bundle isometric procedure with respect to the patients’ clinical outcomes.

Methods

In this retrospective study, we evaluated the clinical outcome of double-bundle anatomical versus single-bundle isometric reconstruction of the MPFL for patellar dislocation patients. Sixty-three patients were included in this study from August 2004 to January 2008. From August 2004 to September 2006, MPFL reconstruction using a single-bundle isometric technique was performed in 21 patients (26 knees). Since October 2006, the double-bundle anatomical reconstruction of the MPFL has been used as the routine surgical procedure. It was performed in 37 patients (44 knees). Fifty-eight patients (70 knees) could be followed up. According to the different techniques, we divided the patients into two groups: group D with double-bundle anatomical reconstruction (37 patients) and group S with single-bundle isometric reconstruction (21 patients). Clinical evaluation consisted of the number with a patellar re-dislocation, patellar apprehension sign, Kujala score, subjective questionnaire score, the patella lateral shift rate and patellar tilt angle measured by cross-sectional CT scan.

Results

According to the Kujala score and the subjective questionnaire score, the outcome of the double-bundle group was better than the outcome of the single-bundle group especially in the long-term. Patellar re-dislocation occurred in three patients in the group S, while no re-dislocation occurred in the group D. In total, 26.9 % of group S was considered to have patellar instability, compared to 4.54 % of the group D. After operation, the patellar tilt angle (PTA) and the patella lateral shift rate (PLSR) were restored to the normal range, with statistical significance (P < 0.05) compared to the preoperative state.

Conclusion

Single- and double-bundle reconstruction of the MPFL can both effectively restore patella stability and improve knee function. However, outcomes in the follow-up period showed that the double-bundle surgery procedure was much better than in single-bundle surgery.     

Implantless patellar fixation in medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction

Purpose: The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) acts as primary restraint to lateral patellar dislo cation and its rupture has been reported in almost all cases of acute patellar dislocation. Various surgical techniques have been described for MPFL reconstruction, using many femoral and patellar fixation techniques and different grafts. This article details our technique for MPFL reconstruction using sem itendinosus graft which avoids the use of implant at patellar end. Methods: Twenty patients (8 males and 12 females) with complaints regarding acute and chronic lateral patellar instability were evaluated and treated by MPFL reconstruction procedure. The mean age of patients was 21 years (range 17e34 years). MPFL reconstruction was performed using semitendinosus graft passing through two parallel, obliquely directed tunnels created in patella. Fixation of graft was done with an interference screw only at the femoral end. Mean follow-up period after intervention was 26.4 months (range 23-30 months). Results were evaluated using Kujala score. Results: All patients gained adequate patellar stability and full arc of motion. No incidence of patella fracture was noted. There were no postoperative complications related to the procedure. There was no recurrence of instability in patella at final follow-up. Conclusion: Passing the graft through the tunnels in patella without use of any implant has given excellent functional outcome and moreover has the advantages of less implant-related complications and cost-effectiveness.     

腘绳肌腱移植包埋法重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位

目的 :探讨腘绳肌腱移植包埋法重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位的疗效。方法 :2008年3月至2013年6月间收治复发性髌骨脱位67例,其中男28例,女39例;年龄10~42岁,平均22岁。临床表现为膝关节不稳感,"打软腿",髌骨错位感,膝前疼痛等。67例均行腘绳肌腱移植包埋法重建内侧髌股韧带。术前后采用Lysholm评分及Q角变化对疗效进行评估。结果:术后67例均获随访,随访时间4~60个月,平均(27.5±13.4)个月。术后切口均愈合良好,无髌骨脱位或半脱位发生。Lysholm评分由术前76.35±2.86提高到术后82.71±2.29;Q角从术前(18.75±2.33)°降至术后(13.28±1.75)°。结论:腘绳肌腱移植包埋方法重建内侧髌股韧带可以提供足够的张力,恢复髌骨稳定性,改善膝关节功能。     

关节镜辅助下小切口重建内侧髌股韧带治疗创伤性复发性髌骨脱位

目的探讨关节镜辅助下小切口同种异体肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带(MPFL)治疗创伤性复发性髌骨脱位的临床效果。方法回顾性分析自2006年1月～2010年4月共收治28例创伤性复发性髌骨脱位,所有患者在第一次脱位均为膝关节外伤所致,伤后患膝明显肿胀及髌骨脱位-复位感,此后出现髌骨脱位3次以上者。手术方法:先行关节镜检查,髌骨外侧支持带紧张者行松解术,关节镜监视下调整MFPL的张力并于其解剖止点以同种异体肌腱重建MFPL,术后接受正规功能康复锻炼。结果术后平均随访26个月(12～36个月)。重建术后无髌骨再次脱位发生,髌股关节稳定。术前、术后均采用Lysholm和Kujala膝关节评分标准,手术前后评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论选择适当的病例,重建内侧髌股韧带是治疗创伤性复发性髌骨脱位的有效方法。     

内侧髌股韧带重建治疗复发性髌骨脱位

目的介绍采用内侧髌股韧带(medial patellofemoral ligament,MPFL)重建治疗复发性髌骨脱位的手术技术和效果。方法 2005年6月-2007年9月,采用MPFL重建治疗复发性髌骨脱位29例。男6例,女23例;年龄13～45岁,平均20.3岁。髌骨脱位2～10次。末次髌骨脱位至手术时间为1～144个月,平均43.9个月。术前CT检查测量胫骨结节-股骨滑车间距(tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove distance,TT-TG);并行Kujala、Lysholm和Tegner评分,分别为(72.03±17.38)、(72.65±14.70)、(5.25±1.83)分。手术采用同种异体肌腱作为移植物,在股骨侧使用骨隧道技术,可吸收挤压螺钉固定;在髌骨内侧缘制作双L形隧道,调节移植物张力后,缝合固定移植物的游离端。同时行关节镜检查、游离体取出和髌外侧支持带松解。对于TT-TG>20 mm的16例患者,同时行胫骨结节内移截骨。结果 27例获随访,随访时间40～67个月,平均45.5个月。患者术后均无髌骨再脱位,也无髌骨错动或半脱位。0°位和屈膝30°位髌骨外推试验和外推恐惧试验均为阴性。术后1年患者膝关节屈伸活动度均恢复正常,能够完全下蹲。末次随访时Kujala评分、Lysholm评分分别为(94.10±7.59)、(95.44±6.25)分,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Tegner评分为(4.33±1.00)分,与术前比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.302,P=0.213)。术前TT-TG>20 mm的患者末次随访时TT-TG为(16.88±5.92)mm,与术前(23.38±3.70)mm比较差异有统计学意义(t=2.822,P=0.026)。结论 MPFL重建治疗复发性髌骨脱位能够明显改善髌骨稳定性,且术后膝关节功能评分和运动等级评分均较术前明显改善。     

内侧髌股韧带重建治疗髌骨脱位患者的康复护理

目的探讨内侧髌股韧带重建治疗髌骨脱位手术后的康复护理方法。方法对99例髌骨脱位患者行内侧髌股韧带重建治疗,术前行心理护理和功能锻炼,术后采取持续的、渐进式的功能康复锻炼,包括膝关节活动度和股四头肌肌力锻炼。结果 99例患者手术顺利,术前、术后坚持康复锻炼,无并发症发生,平均住院5.0 d出院;术后随访3~26个月,未发生屈、伸膝受限及再脱位。结论围手术期针对性的护理和康复指导可以有效地提高患者的主观能动性,积极进行功能锻炼,达到满意疗效。     

关节镜下自体腘绳肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位

目的探讨关节镜下采用自体腘绳肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位的疗效。方法 2005年1月-2010年1月,对22例(22膝)复发性髌骨脱位患者采用关节镜下外侧支持带松解,取自体腘绳肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带治疗。男5例,女17例;年龄15～19岁,平均17.3岁。髌骨脱位3～8次,平均4次。主要临床症状为患膝关节疼痛、肿胀、无力,活动受限。髌骨倾斜试验、恐惧试验、内侧髌股韧带止点处压痛、髌骨向外推移时恐惧征均呈阳性。根据国际膝关节文献委员会(IKDC)评分标准,膝关节功能主观评分为(36.7±4.7)分,Lysholm评分为(69.3±3.8)分。X线片示患者髌骨向外倾斜。结果术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。患者均获随访,随访时间18～49个月,平均34个月。术后患者关节疼痛、肿胀、无力等症状较术前明显改善。随访期间患者髌骨脱位无复发。末次随访时,IKDC膝关节功能主观评分为(92.4±5.3)分,Lysholm评分为(91.7±5.2)分,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论关节镜下取自体腘绳肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带可明显改善髌骨稳定性,是治疗复发性髌骨脱位的有效方法之一。     

Surgical technique and rationale for medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction for recurrent patellar dislocation

This article describes a medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction procedure using an artificial ligament for recurrent patellar dislocation. The MPFL has been shown biomechanically to be the primary restraint among the medial patellar stabilizers. Although various predisposing factors are involved in lateral patellar dislocation, we believe that the MPFL, as a primary restraint, should undergo primary reconstruction for patellar dislocation. The results of MPFL reconstruction using a mesh-type artificial ligament and medial retinaculum slip coverage for recurrent patellar dislocation were as good as we had expected. In this article, we describe the detailed surgical technique and its rationale. We believe technique has also wide applications in MPFL reconstruction using autogenous tendons.Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery, Vol 19, No 5 (May-June), 2003: pp E47     

透射定位法在复发性髌骨脱位重建内侧髌股韧带中的应用

目的通过回顾性分析术中透射定位法(Sch?ttle法)在复发性髌骨脱位重建内侧髌股韧带(MPFL)的应用,对临床疗效进行总结观察,探讨重建MPFL股骨侧解剖止点的定位法。 方法2015年10月至2017年12月间,应用Sch?ttle法确定股骨侧止点19例,男3例,女16例,平均年龄(18.1±0.5)岁(15～20岁)。纳入标准：①膝关节外伤病史,且有反复髌骨外向脱位病史;② X片以及CT测量确定股骨滑车分型属于Dejour B、D型;③髌骨外推实验阳性;④髌骨外推恐惧试验阳性;⑤胫骨结节过度外偏。排除标准：①习惯性髌骨脱位;②骨骺未完全闭合;③膝关节局部存在感染病灶;④对手术期望值过高;⑤膝关节外骨性畸形。所有患者术前均拍摄膝关节正位、屈膝30°髌骨轴位片及CT测量胫骨结节－股骨滑车间距。术中所有病例均进行胫骨结节内移术,直径4.5 mm金属带线缝合锚作为髌骨侧固定,重建韧带选择同种异体肌腱,Sch?ttle法确定股骨侧髓道。在术前和终末随访时对髌股适合角、外侧髌股角、膝关节功能Lysholm评分进行功能评估。采用配对t检验对数据进行统计分析。 结果19例均获得8个月～27个月,平均( 20.1±1.3)个月随访,术后末次随访Lysholm评分明显改善,具有统计学意义( t ＝3.328,P <0.05)。术后恐惧试验均阴性,随访期间无髌骨再脱位。末次随访时患膝关节CT测量值：髌股适合角、外侧髌股角与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(t＝12.572、8.334,P<0.05)。术后关节活动度有所改善,但与术前比较差异无统计学意义(t＝1.764,P>0.05)。 结论Sch?ttle法能准确定位MPFL股骨侧止点位置,重建MPFL,结合胫骨结节内移的手术方法能重建髌股关节的稳定性。     

关节镜下内侧髌股韧带重建和外侧支持带松解治疗复发性髌骨脱位

目的:评价内侧髌股韧带重建联合外侧支持带松解治疗复发性髌骨脱位的临床效果.方法:2011年3月至2013年6月在关节镜下进行内侧髌股韧带重建联合外侧支持带松解治疗复发性髌骨脱位15例,男5例,女10例;年龄14～32岁,平均19.4岁;髌骨脱位2次及以上.术前常规行X线、CT、MR检查了解髌股关节及内侧髌股韧带情况,关节功能Lysholm评分69.85±11.52,术中镜下查看髌股对合关系及髌骨运动轨迹.术中使用自体腘绳肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带同时关节镜下外侧支持带松解.结果:所有患者获随访,时间12～36个月,平均27.6个月,患者无再发髌骨脱位及半脱位,伸直位及屈曲30°位恐惧试验和髌骨外移试验均为阴性,术后12个月患者完全恢复正常活动,膝关节无主观不适,术后Lysholm评分92.60±5.75,较术前提高.结论:关节镜下内侧髌股韧带重建联合外侧支持带松解手术能有效治疗复发性髌骨脱位,缓解症状,重建髌骨稳定性.     

Outcomes of medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction and tibial tubercle osteotomy in syndromic adolescents with patellar dislocation

BackgroundTreatment of congenital and habitual dislocation of the patella in syndromic adolescents can be difficult due to accompanying soft-tissue and/or osseous abnormalities often present in the knee. The aim of this study was to report the results of surgical treatment of congenital and habitual patellar dislocation with medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction and tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) in adolescents with an underlying syndrome.MethodsSyndromic adolescent patients with congenital or habitual patellar dislocation treated with MPFL reconstruction and TTO between 2005 and 2019 with a minimum of one year of follow-up were identified. Demographic, clinical, radiographic, and surgical data were recorded, and any complications were noted. Kujala and Lysholm scores were used to quantitate knee function.ResultsSeventeen knees in 11 patients met the criteria for inclusion. The mean age at operation was 14.8 years (range, 13.3–18.3 years). Patients were identified as having Ehlers-Danlos (four), Down (two), trichorhinophalangeal (one), McCune-Albright (one), Klippel-Feil (one), and generalized joint hypermobility (two) syndromes. The mean follow-up was 2.2 years for each individual knee (range, 1–5.9 years). The mean Kujala score increased from 56 ± 10 preoperatively to 86 ± 6 at the most recent postoperative visit (p < 0.001). The mean Lysholm score increased from 53 ± 10 preoperatively to 85 ± 7 at the most recent postoperative visit (p < 0.001). Knee flexion increased significantly from 117° ± 15° preoperatively to 154° ± 13° postoperatively (p < 0.001). However, knee extension was no different pre- and postoperatively (4° ± 8° vs. 1° ± 4°, respectively, p = 0.2).ConclusionsCongenital and habitual patellar dislocation in adolescent-aged patients with an underlying syndromic diagnosis can be successfully treated with MPFL reconstruction combined with TTO.     

重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位

目的:探讨重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位的中期效果。方法:2007年2月至2010年1月,复发性髌骨脱位65例,男6例,女59例;年龄17～24岁,平均20岁;右膝35例,左膝30例。全部取自体同侧半腱肌重建内侧髌股韧带。手术前后采用Lysholm及Tegner进行功能评分,影像学采用Congruence角及Sulcus角评分。结果:全部病例获随访,时间15～23个月,平均20个月,无膝关节髌骨半脱位或脱位。Lysholm膝关节功能评分从术前的(60.6±3.7)分升至(89.8±4.6)分(t=-15.58,P=0.00);IKDC评分从术前的平均(40.0±3.5)分升至(82.0±3.6)分(t=-27.44,P=0.00);Tegner评分从术前的平均(3.6±0.4)分升至(5.6±0.3)(t=-10.84,P=0.00);Congruence角由术前的平均(26.4±3.9)°降至(4.3±1.8)°(t=16.15,P=0.00);Sulcus角由术前的平均(148.8±2.0)°降至术后的(140.5±1.6)°(t=10.51,P=0.00)。结论:重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位能提供足够的张力,维持髌骨稳定性。     

内侧髌股韧带联合髌胫韧带重建治疗髌骨不稳的研究进展

髌骨不稳是临床常见疾病,常见于青少年.内侧髌股韧带(medial patellofemoral ligament,MPFL)重建是治疗髌骨不稳的主要治疗方式之一,但仍有部分患者术后出现再次脱位.近年来MPFL联合内侧髌胫韧带(medial patellotibi?al ligament,MPTL)重建成为治疗髌骨不稳的...