Protéines et acides aminés dans la récupération post-effort

Recent data. – Recent evidence suggests an interest for the intake of nitrogenous substances during the anabolic post-exercise phase. Modest amounts of indispensable amino acids stimulate net protein gain and might contribute to long term training adaptations in muscle. Proteins play a subsidiary but limited role in glycogen resynthesis. Regarding other functions theoretically susceptible to be modulated by specific amino acids, for instance cysteine and glutamine, no quantitative evidence exists today demonstrating that amino acid-specific supplements would benefit healthy athletes.     

Électromyostimulation et récupération fonctionnelle d’un muscle dénervé

Aim. – The purpose of this revue is to focus on research concerning the effect of chronic muscle electrical stimulation after denervation and reinnervation.Actuality. – The therapeutic use of electricity date back to ancient times, when the greeks used electric eels to treat physical ailment. Today electrotherapy is very commonly applied by certified athletic trainers. Alpha motor neurons conduct impulses from the spinal cord to the muscle. When the conduction of impulses to muscle is disrupted, the individual loses control of the affected muscle. When the nerve to the muscle is not functioning, the muscle is denervated, or without innervation. Unlike nerve fibers in the central nervous system, peripheral nerve fibers can regenerate and active control of the muscle can be restored.Perspectives and projects. – The efficacy of electrical stimulation of denervated muscle has not been established in human. Electrical stimulation does not bring about reinnervation; however a regularly stimulated muscle may recover force-generating capacity sooner if reinnervation occurs. In mammals, it has been show since several years that the regular stimulation of a denervated and reinnervated muscle promoted the motor function return. Recently, it has also been observed in animals, that muscle stimulation with a biphasic current was responsible to a more rapid return of the muscle sensibility. However, these preliminary works realized in the young mammals need to be improved.     

Estimation de la dépense énergétique lors d'une régate en dériveur

Introduction. – Assess the energetic cost during small craft competition.Methods. – Height healthy sailors have been tested during three regattas. Heart rate, vertical jump, glycemia, cortisol and testosterone have been recorded.Results and discussion. – Regattas did not show significant difference for hormones. However, a significant 10% decrease of glycemia was presented. Heart rate increased during competition, but it was different according to the wind velocity and wind direction. The oxygen cost of sailing is relatively light. However, this cost could be increase with bad conditions of sailing. It seems that aerobic capacity is important regarding performance.     

Une nouvelle méthode de lecture de la réaction précipitante en Médecine Légale

Sans résuméVortrag, gelegentlich der Tagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für gerichtliche und soziale Medizin in München 1952.     

Thérapie génique en traumatologie sportive : mythe ou réalité ?

Objectives. – Assessing gene therapy prospects in sport medicine.Topics. – Gene therapy speculations opened the way to many researches in the transfer of gene of interest by means of increasingly powerful vectors. The hopes in the treatment of congenital severe immunizing deficits were stopped by the perverse effects of the establishment of expression gene. Benefitting from the cellular and genetic discoveries, scientists spontaneously directed their work towards the repair of non-regenerative elements: cartilage, meniscus, tendons and ligaments. The tissue-engineering era appeared concomitantly with cellular therapy and research in genic therapy. The use of hybrid biomaterials, true support to cellular culture ex vivo, is the object of researches within many teams.Prospects. – At the moment and within short term, the cellular therapy raises the best hopes of repair of the traumatic lesions of the young and sporting subject.     

L’activité physique et sportive régulière : un déterminant des résultats scolaires au collège

ObjectiveTo measure the long-term effects of an extracurricular sports practice on the academic performances in college, according to whether this practice is regular, irregular, or absent.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study, which has included all of the pupils entering the first year of secondary school (sixth grade) in the Vosges department (East France) during the school year 2001–2002 and followed during four years. Data were collected every six months by self-reported questionnaires.ResultsOne thousand four hundred and eleven pupils were present at each of the data collection sessions and completed all the questionnaires, representing 54.4% girls, initially aged 12.7 ± 0.6 years (average ± S.D.). On the whole, 13.8% never practised sport except physical education, 44.7% always practised an extracurricular sport and 41.5% did some from time to time. The reported school results are higher among regular athletes (P < 0.001). It is the regularity more than the number of hours per week, which explains this difference.ConclusionPractice of a physical activity by adolescents would deserve being largely encouraged, taking into account its beneficial effects not only on health, but also on academic performances. Parents and teachers, as well as health professionals, should be strongly informed.