转移腹直肌皮瓣修复肿瘤患者的胸壁放射性溃疡

胸壁肿瘤病灶切除后,如果遗有组织缺损而不能采用游离皮片修复时,近年来多采用带蒂肌皮瓣转移至缺损区可达到一期修复,效果较传统的皮瓣转移为好。我们曾对一例乳腺癌术后放射性溃疡造成的胸壁缺损,采用腹直肌转移肌皮瓣修复获得成功。手术操作首先切除局部病灶,修剪溃疡边缘。然后根据缺损的大小、形状以及从腹壁到受瓣区的距离,设计并划出腹直肌皮瓣后,即可作切口。先作皮瓣外侧切口,切开皮肤、皮下组织和腹直肌     

胸大肌肌皮瓣在晚期头颈肿瘤手术中的应用

目的探讨胸大肌肌皮瓣在晚期头颈肿瘤手术中的应用。方法应用胸大肌肌皮瓣一期修复晚期头颈肿瘤术后缺损262例（其中折叠瓣17例修复口内外穿通性缺损,20例胸大肌肌膜瓣修复口内缺损,5例胸大肌皮瓣联合游离植皮修复咽瘘,5例胸大肌肌皮瓣联合游离皮瓣双瓣修复颌面部洞穿性缺损）。舌再造62例,修复口咽53例,修复口底41例,修复口颊24例,修复颈部31例,修复下咽缺损22例,修复腮腺区缺损29例。结果262例肌皮瓣252例全部成活,8例皮瓣部分坏死肌瓣成活,2例肌皮瓣完全坏死,总的成活率为99.2%（260/262）。术后随访1～10年,所有患者术后进食、吞咽功能恢复良好,语言功能大多恢复良好。结论胸大肌肌皮瓣血供可靠,组织量丰富,且应用较灵活,可制作成肌皮瓣或肌瓣,对于晚期头颈肿瘤术后缺损是最优选择。     

肌皮瓣修复关节周围软组织肉瘤组织缺损的临床研究

目的探讨系列肌皮瓣在肢体关节周围软组织肉瘤切除后组织缺损修复中的临床应用。方法肢体关节周围软组织肉瘤外科手术软组织缺损28例,其中初发7例,补充切除8例,复发13例。所有病例均行软组织肉瘤广泛切除肌皮瓣修复手术治疗,软组织缺损面积最大为26 cm×16 cm。依据不同部位设计修复所需肌皮瓣,应用背阔肌肌皮瓣修复肩部、股二头肌肌皮瓣修复髋部、腓肠肌肌皮瓣修复膝部。结果 28例中24例术后肌皮瓣成活,3例肌皮瓣远端边缘性坏死,1例远侧2/3坏死,经换药或植皮后愈合。平均随访38个月,有4例肿瘤局部复发,均为多次手术后复发患者,2例复发再次手术切除植皮,2例复发无法保肢行截肢手术治疗。移植肌皮瓣质地良好,皮肤色泽与受区相似,肌皮瓣血液循环良好,患肢关节恢复正常屈伸。结论肌皮瓣具有稳定的血供,易于切取和存活,修复肢体关节周围软组织肉瘤手术组织缺损同时改善肢体功能,为关节周围软组织肉瘤的外科规范化治疗提供了有益探索。     

带蒂皮瓣在四肢躯干软组织恶性肿瘤切除后创面修复中的应用

  目的  回顾性分析带蒂皮瓣在四肢躯干软组织恶性肿瘤切除后创面修复的应用。   方法  回顾性选取2019年1月至2021年1月于新疆医科大学附属肿瘤医院收治的15例软组织恶性肿瘤患者临床病理资料,其中多形性未分化肉瘤 3例、滑膜肉瘤 2例、平滑肌肉瘤2例、脂肪肉瘤 2例、上皮样肉瘤2例、皮肤鳞癌2例、足跟恶性黑色素瘤2例,均参照指南行肿瘤广泛切除术,因切除后软组织缺损大,无法直接缝合或植皮,根据肿瘤切除后创面缺损的位置,选择适合的带血管蒂皮瓣修复。   结果  1例足跟部鳞癌行逆行腓肠神经营养皮瓣修复者因皮瓣远端发生坏死行二次清创局部任意旋转皮瓣加植皮后愈合,1例逆行缝匠肌肌皮瓣术后2天出现皮瓣局部发黑,术后1周发现整个皮瓣完全坏死,经清创局部任意旋转皮瓣加植皮后愈合,其余皮瓣术后均一期愈合,随访6～24个月,4例患者因多处转移死亡,余患者均生存,随访期间局部无肿瘤复发。   结论  四肢躯干软组织恶性肿瘤往往需保证足够的切除范围,范围及深度均需要达到安全外科边界,广泛切除后皮肤缺损及残腔较大,应用带血管蒂皮瓣可有效填充覆盖创面,降低感染风险,促进创面早期愈合,减少术后并发症,有利于术后功能恢复。      

头颈部恶性肿瘤术后缺损的Ⅰ期修复与重建

目的：探讨不同修复方法在头颈部恶性肿瘤术后缺损Ⅰ期修复与重建中的作用。评价其临床效果。方法：1989年1月至1998年12月，我们对258例头颈部恶性肿瘤患者的术后缺损进行了Ⅰ期修复与重建，患者年龄23-81岁，中位年龄51.3岁，男160例，女98例，缺损部位包括；头皮62例，颈部40例，口颊部39例，鼻部29例，唇颏部27例，颧颞部22例，下颌骨20例舌及口底部12例，其它7例，修复方法：局部皮瓣修复75例；局部皮瓣加游离植皮53例，邻近组织瓣修复加游离植皮47例，肌皮瓣18例，肌皮瓣加局部皮瓣或游离植皮25例；游离组织瓣移植30例，游离组织瓣加邻近组织瓣修复3例；组织代用品7例。结果：全组258例病人，共采用276个皮瓣及组织代用品修复，手术成功224例，手术基本成功23例，手术失败11例。结论：头颈部肿瘤术后Ⅰ期修复与重建可最大限度地减少术后功能障碍和畸形，提高患者生存质量。     

提高头颈肿瘤术后缺损一期修复质量的体会

本文总结了头颈肿瘤术后缺损行一期修复８９例的临床经验，认为首次治疗的设计正确合理是一期修复质量的保证；全面掌握修复手段，不断提高修复技术是提高一期修复质量的关键。文中讨论了三角形皮下蒂皮瓣、颈阔肌肌皮瓣、胸锁乳突肌肌皮瓣、舌骨下肌群肌皮瓣、舌瓣、腭瓣、额瓣、颈前带状肌（皮）瓣、胸大肌肌皮瓣、前臂游离皮瓣等各自的优缺点和适应症的选择。     

带蒂胸大肌肌皮瓣移植在头颈癌放疗后手术中的运用

目的：探讨头颈癌放疗后因肿瘤复发进行挽救性手术，带蒂胸大肌肌皮瓣修复手术切除后软组织缺损的可行性和价值。方法：7例头颈部恶性肿瘤进行了根治性放疗后局部复发或颈淋巴结转移，通过手术切除病灶，颈淋巴结清扫，同侧带蒂胸大肌肌皮瓣移植修复软组织缺损创面。结果：7例移植的带蒂胸大肌肌皮瓣全部成活，有2例出现切口裂开，愈合困难。结论：在头颈癌放疗后手术中，带蒂胸大肌肌皮瓣移植是修复手术切除后软组织缺损的有效方法。     

腓肠肌肌皮瓣在修复膝关节周围软组织肉瘤手术组织缺损中的应用

目的探讨应用腓肠肌肌皮瓣修复膝关节周围软组织肉瘤广泛切除术软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2009年3月至2012年5月有完整随访资料的膝关节周围软组织肉瘤患者的临床资料。所有病例均行软组织肉瘤广泛切除手术,并依据不同部位及缺损范围设计应用腓肠肌肌皮瓣修复软组织肉瘤广泛切除后的软组织缺损。结果全组12例,手术过程顺利,腓肠肌肌皮瓣均顺利成活。术后随访3—39个月,平均15个月,全组病例无复发,其中1例滑膜肉瘤术后8个月出现肺转移,均无死亡。移植肌皮瓣质地好,皮肤色泽与受区相似,其中4例蒂部外观略显臃肿,其余外形及功能恢复均良好,膝关节屈伸无受限。肌皮瓣供区小腿运动功能无影响,供区瘢痕位置隐蔽,无明显挛缩。结论腓肠肌肌皮瓣血管恒定,术中操作简单,成活率高,是修复膝关节周围软组织肉瘤广泛切除术后软组织缺损的良好选择。     

游离皮瓣在小腿肿瘤保肢术中的应用

目的：探讨游离皮瓣在小腿恶性肿瘤保肢术中应用的优越性。方法：1997年3月-2002年10月，分别应用股前外侧皮瓣，胸脐皮瓣修复小腿恶性骨肿瘤和软组织肿瘤保肢术后形成的皮缺损10例。结果：游离皮瓣移植切口均一期愈合，无感染，皮瓣坏死等，术后化疗对游离皮瓣的成活无影响。结论：小腿恶性肿瘤保肢治疗中，吻合血管的皮瓣游离移植是修复皮肤缺损的理想方法。     

头颈部恶性肿瘤术后缺损的I期修复与重建

目的:探讨不同修复方法在头颈部恶性肿瘤术后缺损I期修复与重建中的作用,评价其临床效果.方法:1989年1月至1998年12月,我们对258例头颈部恶性肿瘤患者的术后缺损进行了I期修复与重建,患者年龄23～81岁,中位年龄51.3岁,男160例,女98例.缺损部位包括:头皮62例,颈部40例,口颊部39例,鼻部29例,唇颏部27例,颧颞部22例,下颌骨20例,舌及口底部12例,其它7例.修复方法:局部皮瓣修复75例;局部皮瓣加游离植皮53例;邻近组织瓣修复加游离植皮47例;肌皮瓣18例;肌皮瓣加局部皮瓣或游离植皮25例;游离组织瓣移植30例;游离组织瓣加邻近组织瓣修复3例;组织代用品7例.结果:全组258例病人,共采用276个皮瓣及组织代用品修复.手术成功224例,手术基本成功23例,手术失败11例.结论:头颈部肿瘤术后I期修复与重建可最大限度地减少术后功能障碍和畸形,提高患者生存质量.     

游离皮瓣在小腿肿瘤保肢术中的应用

目的 :探讨游离皮瓣在小腿恶性肿瘤保肢术中应用的优越性。方法 :1997年 3月 - 2 0 0 2年 10月 ,分别应用股前外侧皮瓣 ,胸脐皮瓣修复小腿恶性骨肿瘤和软组织肿瘤保肢术后形成的皮缺损 10例。结果 :游离皮瓣移植切口均一期愈合 ,无感染 ,皮瓣坏死等 ,术后化疗对游离皮瓣的成活无影响。结论 :小腿恶性肿瘤保肢治疗中 ,吻合血管的皮瓣游离移植是修复皮肤缺损的理想方法     

足跟部皮肤恶性肿瘤切除术后皮肤缺损修复方式的临床分析

目的通过比较皮瓣修复术和游离皮片移植术在足跟皮肤恶性肿瘤切除后皮肤缺损修复的近远期疗效,探讨足跟皮肤恶性肿瘤切除术后皮肤缺损的外科修复方法。方法选取2013年7月至2018年11月间辽宁省肿瘤医院骨与软组织肿瘤外科收治的符合入选标准的30例足跟部皮肤恶性肿瘤的病例,均行手术切除治疗,术后皮肤缺损较大,不能直接缝合,根据手术切除后皮肤缺损修复的方式分成A组(皮瓣修复组)和B组(游离皮片移植组)。分别对A、B两组病例的一般资料以及术后短期植皮或皮瓣的成活情况,术后长期皮瓣或植皮皮肤的外观满意度、皮肤麻木感觉、分离不适感、生存转归、辅助治疗、肿瘤复发转移、关节功能活动度等治疗数据进行统计分析。结果A组和B组病例在不稳定感(关节活动障碍或组织分离感)、肿瘤复发转移、生存转归、辅助治疗(包括放疗、化疗、免疫治疗、生物治疗)等方面差异无统计学意义;在近期皮瓣或植皮成活率、患者外观满意度、皮肤麻木感觉及关节功能活动度这四方面差异有统计学意义(均P<005)。患者的主观评价在外观满意和皮肤麻木感方面以及客观关节功能活动方面,A组优于B组。结论皮瓣修复和游离皮片移植都可作为修复足跟皮肤恶性肿瘤切除术后皮肤缺损的修复方式,足跟部负重区皮肤缺损的修复应优先选择转移皮瓣。     

男性外生殖器恶性肿瘤大块切除后缺损区的修复

目的 对局部晚期的男性外生殖器恶性肿瘤大块切除后缺损区的修复.方法 对本组11例患者行病灶广泛切除及淋巴结清扫后,运用筋膜皮瓣、腹直肌岛状肌皮瓣、臀大肌及阔筋膜张肌复合肌皮瓣进行缺损区修复,重点介绍了腹直肌岛状肌皮瓣的切除方法.结果 11例患者中10例患者修复区Ⅰ期愈合,1例延期愈合.结论 根据缺损程度选择合适的皮瓣是手术成功的关键.     

A case of total pelvic exenteration that closed the perineal wound with a rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap for lower rectum cancer with cutaneous fistula

The patient was a 60-year-old man with lower rectum cancer invading into the prostate gland and urinary bladder. The tumor expanded locally and made perineal cutaneous fistula. We performed a total pelvic exenteration with extended resection of perineal skin and subcutaneous tissue, followed by reconstruction using vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap (VRAM flap). Although a mild pelvic abscess developed after the operation, it was controllable by drainage because the dead cavity of pelvis was relatively small due to the filing effect of VRAM flap. The VRAM flap is useful for both pelvic and perineal skin defects due to the extended resection of rectal cancer invading skin and pelvic organs.     

Free muscle transfer with split thickness skin graft coverage in head and neck reconstructive surgery

Sixteen patients (eight females and eight males) who underwent microsurgical free tissue transfers for head and neck reconstruction are reviewed. In this series, the flap reconstruction was completed on eleven patients with extra-oral defects and five with intra-oral defects. Split thickness skin graft coverage was used in all cases. The rectus abdominis free muscle flap was used in nine patients and the latissimus dorsi free muscle flap in seven patients. The choice of tissue reconstruction was decided by the size of the surgical defect. There were no failures of the tissue transfers and skin grafts. In skilled hands, free tissue transfer provides a reliable method of head and neck reconstruction, with a low incidence of recipient and donor site complications. In extra-oral defects, coverage of free muscle transfer with split thickness skin grafts, results in a better colour match than musculocutaneous flaps, and complements the appearance and pliability of the free muscle flap.     

各种皮瓣在足底负重区恶性黑色素瘤术后缺损修复中的应用

目的：探讨足底内侧皮瓣、局部逆行岛状皮辫、外踝上穿支皮瓣、内踝上穿支皮瓣和游离股前外侧皮瓣修复足底负重区恶性黑色素瘤广泛切除术后缺损的优缺点。方法：浙江省肿瘤医院骨和软组织肿瘤外科2010-01-13-2013-12～25收治的23例足底负重区皮肤恶性黑色素瘤患者,进行原发灶广泛切除后分别采用足底内侧皮瓣、局部逆行岛状皮瓣、外踝上穿支皮瓣、内踝上穿支皮瓣及游离股前外侧皮瓣进行修复,对其临床资料和随访结果进行分析。结果：术后缺损面积为4cm×4cm～11cm×9cm,切取皮瓣面积5cmX5cm～12cm×10cm。14倒足底内侧皮瓣全部成活,其中皮瓣最大切取面积为7cm×7cm。1例局部逆行岛状皮瓣出现小部分坏死,二期愈合,4例外踝上及内踝上穿支皮瓣全部成活,其中皮瓣最大切取面积为12cm×10cm。4例游离股前外侧皮瓣中,3例成活,1例皮瓣出现远端部分浅表性坏死,经换药后愈合。所有患者无继发性渍疡出现,患足均可无痛行走。2例行足底内侧皮瓣修复术后出现局部复发。结论：各种皮瓣修复足底黑色素瘤术后缺损均可获得较好疗效,对较小足根部的缺损（直径〈8cm）首选足底内侧皮瓣,较大的缺损可采用内外踝上穿支皮瓣,有显微外科条件的可考虑游离股前外侧皮瓣修复局部皮瓣不能覆盖的缺损。     

游离皮瓣移植术对口腔颌面部肿瘤切除术后缺损的修复研究

目的：探讨采取游离皮瓣移植术对口腔颌面恶性肿瘤切除术后组织缺损的修复疗效及其对血清唾液酸（SA）和白介素-2（IL-2）的影响。方法对45例口腔颌面部肿瘤患者,肿瘤切除术后分别采取游离组织皮瓣移植术修复治疗。观察术后皮瓣生长、伤口愈合和不良反应发生情况;随访术后患者复发、吞咽和张口功能恢复以及生存情况;检测血清SA和IL-2水平。结果43例缺损成功修复,成功率95．56％;术后4例因淤血发生皮瓣小面积坏死,3例发生血管危象,经抗炎治疗及局部处理后愈合;1例术后出现供区感染伴积液,给予切开引流后愈合;2例术后2d出现轻度的消化系统不良反应,如恶心、呕吐,导致皮瓣血管危象,行移植皮瓣切除术;局部血肿3例,给予清创止血处理皮瓣愈合。随访时间2～4年,3年生存37例,生存率为82．22％。治疗前,口腔恶性肿瘤患者血清SA水平明显高于对照组和良性肿瘤组,而IL-2水平明显低于对照组和良性肿瘤组,比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．01）;治疗后1天和2周,患者血清SA水平均明显下降,而IL-2均明显升高,比较差异均有统计学意义（ P＜0．01）。结论应用游离皮瓣移植术修复口腔颌面恶件肿瘤术后组织缺损疗效好、并发症较少,患者血清SA和IL-2水平测定对口腔颌面部肿瘤术后患者的恢复和预后评价均有重要的临床意义。     

Sternal resection and reconstruction after malignant tumours

Aim  We present our experience of the resection of sternal tumours (both primary and metastatic), followed by reconstruction of soft-tissue and skeletal defects with a mesh and musculocutaneous flap. Methods  Eleven patients were included in this study, all of which underwent sternal tumour resection and immediate chest wall repair. Reconstruction was accomplished with prosthetic material (polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE]), a sandwich of polypropylene (Marlex-methylmethacrylate or titanium/polypropylene) and a pedicled musculocutaneous flap (pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi or rectus abdominis). Sternal tumours may arise from both primary (chondrosarcoma and neurofibrosarcoma) and secondary (local recurrence of breast carcinoma and metastatic disease from other organs) disease. Results  Extubation did not result in paradoxical respiration in any of the patients in the study. The post-operative mortality rate was seen to be zero. One patient with a PTFE prosthesis had chest failure requiring immediate intubation and posterior prosthesis replacement. One mesh was removed two months after surgery. There was local recurrence in one patient and five patients died from distal metastases. The final patient is still alive with metastases at the time of presenting our results. Conclusions  Wide resection of sternal tumours provides good local control. Reconstruction with mesh and musculocutaneous flap is an effective technique for repairing such defects.     

Cosmetic reconstruction after resection of breast cancer: use of the ELD-MC flap and EVRAM flap

Breast reconstruction following the resection of breast cancer with inadequate residual chest-wall tissue may be performed with an implant or a myocutaneous flap, such as the latissimus dorsi or a rectus abdominis. Among a variety of operative procedures, each method has advantages and disadvantages. The insertion of a silicone-bag prosthesis is the easiest method, but the prosthetic implant sometimes has complications, such as unfavorable capsular contracture formation around the implant, rupture, infection, or exposure. We therefore use an extended latissimus dorsi myocutaneous (ELD-MC) flap with some amount of surrounding subcutaneous fat from the lumbar area, and avoid the use of any implant with an MC flap. Also, for the reconstruction and correction of infraclavicular and axillary depression, we use the extended vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous (EVRAM) flap. This method uses the skin and fat on both sides of the umbilicus as a lenticular flap vascularized by only one of the rectus abdominis muscles. The patients are satisfied with the outcome because symmetry and good breast volume can be obtained. There have been no functional or anatomical defects of the donor area. No abdominal hernia after an EVRAM flap has resulted to date. Both the ELD-MC and EVRAM flaps can be successfully used for cosmetic breast reconstruction after the resection of breast cancer.     

Use of contralateral rectus femoris flap: an alternative for covering exposed femoral vessels of the thigh

Myocutaneous coverage of large defects in the thigh following resection of tumors is necessary to ensure adequate protection of the underlying femoral vessels. The usual muscles employed as flaps to achieve this protection are ipsilateral sartorius, rectus femoris, tensor fasciae latae, gracilis, rectus abdominis, or vastus lateralis. However, for situations in which these muscles are not available, the surgeon needs an alternative flap. This report details the successful use of the contralateral rectus femoris muscle to cover exposed femoral vessels in the upper and middle thirds of the thigh. Findings of anatomical dissections confirm that, by freeing the muscle at its origin, its reach can be extended about 6 cm. Postoperatively, no functional deficits resulted from the flap and no damage to the skin graft occurred with radiation therapy. Use of the contralateral rectus femoris flap should therefore be considered when a reliable alternative to conventional flaps must be employed.