载脂蛋白E基因多态性与早发冠心病的关系及其对血脂的影响

目的 研究载脂蛋白E（apolipoprotein E,apoE)基因多态性与早发冠心病（coronary heart disease,CHD)的相关关系及其对血脂水平的影响。方法 应用聚合酶链反应－限制性片段长度多态性（polymerase chain reaction-restricted fragment hength polymorphism,PCR-RFLP)基因分析方法,测定52例早发CHD、161例迟发CHD患者和180名对照者的apoE基因型;血脂水平按常规方法测定。结果 发现的5种apoE基因型,分别为E3／3、E4／4、E3／2、E4／3及E4／2。早发CHD组和迟发CHD组apoE4/3基因型和ε4等位基因频率均高于对照组（P＜0．01）;进一步对两组CHD患者的apoE多态性进行分析,发现早发组ε4等位基因频率较迟发组为高（P＜0．05）。apoE各等位基因型之间,TC和LDL－C水平之间存在统计学差异（P＜0．05）。结论 apoE基因多态性与早发CHD的发生发展有关并影响血脂的水平。     

α2-巨球蛋白基因多态性与Alzheimer病的关联研究

目的　观察α2-巨球蛋白基因(α2-macroglobulin, A2M)内含子17一种五核苷酸缺失突变在广州地区汉族老年人中的分布，探讨其与晚发Alzheimer病(AD)的相关性。方法　以97例晚发AD患者和111名健康老年人为对照进行病例-对照研究。用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法分析A2M缺失／插入多态性和载脂蛋白E(apolipoprotein E， apoE)基因多态性。结果　(1)A2M基因缺失突变在晚发AD患者中的频率为2.6%，在正常老年人中的频率为2.7%，在所有受试者中未检测到A2M突变纯合体，晚发AD患者和健康老年人之间不存在A2M等位基因和基因型分布的差异，A2M基因多态性与晚发AD无关联。(2)晚发AD患者中apoE等位基因ε4频率显著升高(Z=3.32，P＜0.01)。晚发AD与ε3／ε4基因型正关联(RR=2.62，χ2=6.89，P＜0.01)，和等位基因ε4正关联(RR=2.67，χ2=10.71，P＜0.01)。(3)晚发AD无论是否伴有apoE-ε4均与A2M不存在相关性。结论　广州汉族人群中A2M基因缺失突变多态性与晚发AD不具有关联。     

α3—巨球蛋白基因多态性与Alzheimer病的关联研究

目的：观察α2-巨球蛋白基因（α2-macroglobulin,A2M) 内含子17一种五核苷酸缺失突变在广州地区汉族老年人中的分布,探讨其与晚发Alzheimer病（AD）的相关性。方法：以97例晚发AD患者和111名健康老年人为对照进行病例－对照研究。用聚合酶链反应－限制性片段长度多态性方法分析A2M缺失／插入多态性和载脂蛋白E（apolipoproteinE,apoE)基因多态性。结果：（1）A2M基因缺失突变在晚发AD患者中的频率为2．6％,在正常老年人中的频率为2．7％,在所有受试者中未检测到A2M突变纯合体,晚发AD患者和健康老年人之间不存在A2M等位基因和基因型分布的差异,A2M基因多态性与晚发AD无关联。（2）晚发AD患者中apoE等位基因ε4频率显著升高（Z＝3．32,P＜0．01）。晚发AD与ε3／ε4基因型正关联（RR＝2．62,χ^2=6.89,P＜0．01）,和等位基因ε4正关联（RR＝2．67,χ^2=10.71,P＜0．01）。（3）晚发AD无论是否伴有apoE-ε4均与A2M不存在相关性。结论：广州汉族人群中A2M基因缺失突变多态性与晚发AD不具有关联。     

新疆维吾尔族、汉族阿尔茨海默病LRP基因766C/T多态性关联分析

目的 探讨新疆地区维吾尔族、汉族低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白基因(low density lipoproteinreceptor-related protein gene,LRP)766C/T多态性与阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease AD)的关系.方法 对新疆地区维吾尔族、汉族≥50岁8284名人群进行AD流行病学调查,参照ADRDA-NINCDS的标准,选取AD患者209例与正常对照220名,应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态技术检测LRP基因766C/T多态性,采用病例-对照的关联分析方法进行基因型和等位基因频率分析.结果 (1)新疆维吾尔族、汉族之间LRP基因的基因型和等位基因分布频率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).(2)汉族病例组与对照组间基因型和等位基因频率分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).(3)在年龄≥65岁的病例组与对照组间基因型和等位基因频率分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且此年龄组携带C等位基因的个体发生AD的危险性显著增加(OR=1.98,P<0.05).(4)在女性病例组中C/C基因型分布频率和C等位基因频率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),女性携带C等位基因的个体发生AD的危险性显著增加(OR=2.927,P<0.05).结论 新疆维吾尔族和汉族之间LRP,基因766C/T多态性存在差异,并发现在汉族、年龄≥65岁及女性人群中LRP基因766C/T多态性与AD的发病风险存在关联.     

α2-巨球蛋白基因I1000V多态性与散发阿尔茨海默氏病的关联研究

目的近年来有研究发现α2-巨球蛋白基因(α2-macroglobulin，A2M)Ile1000Val多态与阿尔茨海默氏病(Alzheimer’s disease，AD)发病有关联，但也有相悖的研究结果报道。因此．我们利用较大的样本，观察了A2M基因Ile1000Val多态在广州及成都地区汉族老年人中的分布，并探讨其与散发AD的相关性。方法以广州地区257例散发AD患者和242名正常老年人、成都地区112例散发AD患者和113名正常老年人为对象进行病例一对照研究。用聚合酶链反应一限制性片段长度多态性方法分析A2M基因11000V多态性和载脂蛋白E基因(apolipoprotelnE，apoE)多态性。结果(1)在两地合并样本中，AD患者与对照组中等位基因A2M-1000V的频率分别为7．7％与8．7％，广州与成都地区AD患者与对照组中A2M基因I1000V多态的分布差异无统计学意义。(2)散发AD无论按是否伴有apoE—ε4或按发病年龄分成不同亚组后，A2M基因I1000V多态的分布在病例组与对照组之间差异无统计学意义。结论广州与成都汉族人群中A2M基因I1000V多态与散发AD不具有关联。     

冠心病患者apoE基因调控序列-219(G/T)多态性及与血脂的关系

为了研究载脂蛋白E(apoE）基因调控序列－219（G／T）多态性与人类冠心病（CHD）及其血脂水平的关系，本文采用聚合酶链反应结合了限制性片段长度多态性方法。分析了108例健康人及86例冠心病患者的－219（G／T）基因型。PCR产物直接测序验下。我们发现冠心病组apoE－219（T／T）基因型频率（0．651）和T等位基因频率（0．767）分别显著高于对照组（0．444，0．653，P＜0．05）；冠心病组和对照组T／T基因型者血清总胆固醇高于G／G基因型者。这一结果提示apoE调控区基因多态性可能影响冠心病的发生。推测apoE－219（T／T）基因型是冠心病的危险因子之一。     

冠心病家族史青少年载脂蛋白E、B的基因多态性

目的 探讨青少年载脂蛋白E(apolipoprotein E，apoE)、apoB基因多态性对冠心病的遗传易感性。方法 应用聚合酶链反应—限制性片段长度多态性技术，对244名健康汉族大学生(冠心病家族史阳性者109人，阴性者135人)的apoE、apoB XbaI、apoB 3’可变数目串联重复序列(variable number of tandem repeat ，VNTR)基因型进行分析。结果 阳性组的e4、x^ 、VNTR—B(hypervariable element，HVE＞38)等位基因频率显著高于阴性组(P＜0．05)，且与血总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白—胆固醇、aPoBl00水平升高有显著相关(P＜0．05)。结论 apoE的e4、apoB Xba I的x^ 、apoB3’VNTR的VNTR—B可能为冠心病的重要遗传标记。     

载脂蛋白E基因多态性与新疆维吾尔族自然长寿的相关性研究

目的 探讨载脂蛋白E（apolipoproteinE，apoE）基因多态性与新疆维吾尔族自然长寿的关系。方法 应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法检测百岁组42名，90岁组102名，65～70岁组70名和对照组53名的apoE基因多态性。结果 百岁组apoE的ε3／3、ε2／3和ε3／4基因型频率分别为69．0％、23．8％和2．4％，其ε3、ε2和ε4等位基因频率分别为82．1％、16．7％和1．2％，百岁组ε3／4基因型及ε4、ε3等位基因频率显著低于对照组（P〈0．01），ε2／3基因型及ε2等位基因频率则显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）。百岁与opoE基因的ε2等位基因呈正关联，与ε4等位基因呈负关联。结论在新疆维吾尔族，opoE基因多态性与个体寿命密切相关，同时也应考虑到长寿是年龄依赖的多种因素影响的结果。     

牡丹江地区Ⅱ型糖尿病汉族人群中BKβ2R基因多态分析

摘要：目的研究牡丹江地区Ⅱ型糖尿病与BKβ2R基因多态的相关性。方法采用PCR—RFLP技术,对牡丹江汉族Ⅱ型糖尿病患者、正常人的BKβ2R基因多态性检测,观察基因型频率及等位基因频率。结果BKβ2R第二外显子181（C／T）基因位点无突变,Ⅱ型糖尿病组基因型频率与正常对照组相同均为CC（P〉0．05）。结论BKβ2R基因在牡丹江地区汉族的Ⅱ型糖尿病人群中无多态性。     

HMG-CoA 还原酶基因多态性与血浆血脂的关系

目的 探讨3—羟—3甲基戊二酰辅酶A(3—hydroxy—3—methylglutaryl coenzyme A，HMG—CoA)还原酶基因多态性在中国汉族人群中的分布及其与冠心病(coronary heart disease,CHD)的关系。方法 用聚合酶链反应—限制性片段长度多态性方法分析HMG—CoA还原酶基因第2内含子区ScrFl酶切多态性。结果 ScrFl多态位点等位基因A、a频率在CHD组和正常对照组分别为0．519、0．481和0．440、0．560。基因频率分布符合Hardy—Weinberg平衡定律。ScrF1酶切多态性基因型频率、等位基因A、a频率在组间比较差异无显著性(P＞0．05)，但是，基因型为AA的冠心病患者，其血浆极低密度脂蛋白、胆固醇水平显著高于其他基因型患者(P＜0．05)。中国人ScrFl多态位点A、a等位基因频率与欧洲白人比较差异有显著性(0．44vs0．55，0．56vs0．45，P＜0．05)，可能由于标本的种族来源不同所致。结论 ScrFl酶切多态性与CHD无相关性(P＞0．05)，但是，患者组AA基因型与血浆极低密度脂蛋白、胆固醇水平密切相关(P＜0．05)。     

载脂蛋白E基因多态性在云南省德宏州傣族人群的分布

目的　探讨云南省德宏州傣族人群和昆明汉族人群载脂蛋白E(apolipoprotein E,apo E)基因多态性分布情况。方法　收集171名德宏傣族和71名昆明汉族人群基因组,通过聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法检测apo E基因第4外显子第112位和15 8位的多态性。结果　傣族组apo Eε2 / 2、ε2 /3、ε2 / 4、ε3/ 3、ε3/ 4、ε4 / 4基因型频率依次为:0 .0 0 6、0 .111、0 .0 0 6、0 .789、0 .0 88、0 .0 0 0 ;汉族组依次为:0 .0 0 0、0 .16 9、0 .0 14、0 .718、0 .0 99、0 .0 0 0。apo Eε2、ε3、ε4等位基因频率在傣汉两民族中依次为:0 .0 6 4、0 .889、0 .0 4 7;0 .0 92码、0 .85 2、0 .0 5 6 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论　apo E基因型频率和等位基因频率均存在着民族、种族差异。与国内其它少数民族比较,德宏傣族人群apo Eε2等位基因频率显著低于壮族(P<0 .0 1) ;ε3等位基因频率显著高于朝鲜族、回族、蒙古族、壮族(P<0 .0 5 ) ,极显著高于维吾尔族(P<0 .0 1) ;ε4等位基因显著低于鄂伦春族(P<0 .0 5 ) ,极显著低于维吾尔族、鄂温克族(P<0 .0 1)。与不同种族人群比较,德宏傣族人群apo E基因多态性分布与日本人接近(P>0 .0 5 ) ,而与新加坡、欧美国家人群有较大的差异性。     

APOE promoter polymorphisms do not confer independent risk for Alzheimer's disease in a French population

The apolipoprotein E (APOE, gene; apoE, protein) isoforms are associated with differential risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). An additional involvement of APOE promoter polymorphisms in AD risk has recently been suggested by several studies. Indeed, three polymorphisms of the APOE regulatory region (-219 G/T, -427 C/T and -491 A/T) have been found associated with AD even after adjustment on the apoE status. We analysed these three promoter region polymorphisms in a large French case-control study (388 AD cases and 386 controls). We found that the -427 T and -491 A alleles were associated with an increased risk of developing AD, but not the -219 G/T alleles. However, a strong linkage disequilibrium was observed between the alleles of these promoter region polymorphisms and the APOE coding region alleles. We therefore retested association after adjustment on apoE status and found that the sole association which remained significant was the association with the -427 T allele. The alpha level was equal to 0.03 (0.09 after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons). Analysis of promoter haplotypes also yielded non-significant results. Thus our study does not reinforce the hypothesis of an independent involvement of the APOE promoter region polymorphisms in AD risk.     

Pronounced impact of Th1/E47cs mutation compared with -491 AT mutation on neural APOE gene expression and risk of developing Alzheimer's disease

Possession of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon4 allele is the most frequently associated genetic susceptibility factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, new polymorphisms in the regulatory region of the APOE gene have been described. We analysed the effects of three of these mutations (-491 AT, -427 CT and Th1/E47cs) on disease risk in a large case-control study, and tested their impacts on APOE allelic expression in brain tissues. The Th1/E47cs T allele was associated with an increased risk of occurrence of AD, while the -491 T allele was associated with a decreased risk, independently of the APOE epsilon2/epsilon3/epsilon4 polymorphism effect. However, the impact of the Th1/E47cs mutation was the strongest. The -427 CT polymorphism was not associated with the disease. In AD subjects heterozygous for the epsilon4 allele, analysis of allelic expression showed that the relative expression levels of the epsilon4 allele were higher than those of the corresponding controls. Consistent with epidemiological data, the relative level of expression of the epsilon4 allele was modified accordingly to the presence or absence of the two main promoter polymorphisms, indicating, in vivo, the deleterious effect of the Th1/E47cs T allele and the protective effect of the -491 T allele in population. These data indicate that in addition to the qualitative effect of the APOE epsilon2/epsilon3/epsilon4 polymorphisms on the AD occurrence, the quantitative variation of expression of these alleles due to functional APOE promoter mutations, is a key determinant of AD development.      

醛固酮合成酶基因-344T/C多态性与高血压病相关性研究

目的研究醛固酮合成酶基因-344T/C多态性是否与原发性高血压相关.方法多聚酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性技术检测原发性高血压和对照组醛固酮合成酶基因-344T/C多态性,χ2检验比较各组基因型和等位基因频率.结果对照组TT、TC和CC基因型频率分别为48%、43%和9%,高血压病组TT、TC和CC基因型频率分别为43%、47%和10%;对照组T、C等位基因频率分别为69%和31%,高血压病组T、C等位基因频率分别为66%和34%.经χ2检验两组之间基因型和等位基因频率差异均无显著性(P＞0.05).结论本研究尚不支持醛固酮合成酶基因-344T/C多态性与原发性高血压存在相关性.     

白细胞介素10基因启动子区多态性与乙型肝炎病毒感染预后的关联研究

目的探讨中国汉族人白细胞介素10基因(interleukin10gene,IL10)启动子区单核苷酸多态性与乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitisBvirus,HBV)感染、转归的关联。方法采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析方法,检测231例HBV感染者,165例HBV感染康复者和135名正常对照者IL10基因启动子-1082G/A、-819T/C、-592A/C位点基因型。结果IL10基因启动子-1082G/A、-819T/C、-592A/C位点基因型和等位基因在HBV感染组、HBV感染康复组和正常对照组之间的分布频率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),在血清HBV-DNA<1×103拷贝/mL的HBV感染者组和HBV-DNA≥1×103拷贝/mL组之间的分布频率比较差异亦无统计学意义(P>0.05);但IL10基因启动子-819T/C和-592A/C位点基因型和等位基因在HBV无症状携带组和慢性乙型肝炎组之间的分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),-819T/C位点TT型和-592A/C位点AA型在慢性乙型肝炎组的频率明显较高。结论汉族人IL10基因启动子多态性可能与人群对HBV易感性及感染后的病毒血症水平无显著相关性;但IL10启动子-819T/C和-592A/C位点基因多态性与HBV感染后的肝脏炎症反应有关。     

Association of genetic variants of ABCA1 with Alzheimer's disease risk.

ABCA1 plays key roles in cholesterol transport and apolipoprotein E (APOE) metabolism in the brain. To evaluate the relationship between ABCA1 genetic variants and Alzheimer's disease (AD), independently or in concert with the APOE epsilon4 allele, we examined three ABCA1 polymorphisms located in the coding region (R219K, I883M, and R1587K) and two ABCA1 polymorphisms in the promoter region (C-14T and C-477T) in a group of 372 Spanish AD patients and 440 controls. The ABCA1 219K, 883I, 1587R haplotype was significantly associated with AD, conferring a risk of 1.78 (P = 0.007). The ABCA1 C-14T polymorphism modified the risk of AD in an APOE epsilon4 allele-dependent fashion: in APOE epsilon4 carriers, homozygous for the ABCA1 -14T allele had 3.7 times higher risk of developing AD (OR = 13.99) than carriers of the ABCA1 -14CC and CT genotypes (OR = 3.79). These data suggest that the development of AD might be influenced by either a qualitative change of the ABCA1 protein caused by coding region variants (219K, 883I, and 1587R), or by a quantitative change in ABCA1 expression caused by promoter region variant (-14T) in concert with the APOE epsilon4 allele.     

单胺氧化酶A基因EcoRⅤ多态与帕金森病的关系分析

目的 研究单胺氧化酶A（monoamine oxidase A,MAO-A）基因EcoRⅤ多态（C／T）位点在中国人群中的分布，并探讨其与帕金森病（Parkinson's disease,PD)发病风险的关系。方法 采用聚合酶链反应－限制性片段长度多态性分析法，在110例PD患者和182名正常人中分析了MAO－A基因EcoRⅤ（C／T）多态的分布，并对该多态与PD进行关联分析。结果 （1）MAO－A基因EcoRⅤ多态与PD间不存在明显关联（x^2=0.091,P=76.3）；（2）MAO－A基因EcoRⅤ多态在中国汉族人群和北美高加索人群中的分布差异有显著性（x^2＝30.03,P=4.18）。结论 MAO－A EcoRⅤ多态有与中国人PD的发病风险无关。     

Independent association of an APOE gene promoter polymorphism with increased risk of myocardial infarction and decreased APOE plasma concentrations-the ECTIM study

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a major protein in lipid metabolism existing in three common isoforms: APOE2, -3 and -4. The varepsilon4 allele of the APOE gene ( APOE ) coding for the APOE4 isoform is associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, several polymorphisms in the APOE regulatory region have been reported. Some of these have been associated with AD and modified APOE allelic mRNA expression in AD brains. Here, we have investigated whether three of these promoter polymorphisms (-491AT, -427CT and -219GT) can also modify cardiovascular risk. The hypothesis was tested in a large multicentre case-control study of MI, the ECTIM Study, on 567 cases and 678 controls. Among the three APOE promoter polymorphisms tested, only the-219T allele was associated with a significantly increased risk of MI (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.09-1.52, P < 0.003) and the effect was shown to be independent of the presence of the other mutations, including the APOE epsilon2/epsilon3/epsilon4 polymorphism. Moreover, the-219T allele greatly decreased the APOE plasma concentrations in a dose-dependent manner ( P < 0.008). These data indicate that the-219GT polymorphism of the APOE regulatory region emerges as a new genetic susceptibility risk factor for MI and constitutes another common risk factor for both neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases.