268例急性A型主动脉夹层临床资料分析

目的:分析268例急性A型主动脉夹层患者的基本资料、临床表现、治疗及预后情况. 方法:对2000年1月至2012年6月间连续确诊的268例急性A型主动脉夹层患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析. 结果:268例A型主动脉夹层患者中男性发病明显高于女性,男女比例约4:1.高血压、长期吸烟以及马凡综合征是A型主动脉夹层患者的相关危险因素,其比例分别是51.49％、33.96％、19.03％.A型主动脉夹层的临床表现多样,以单纯胸痛、背痛及同时胸背痛为主要症状,部分患者可伴有腹痛或腰痛,以及四肢脉搏异常.患者手术组和非手术组的死亡率分别为11.44％(27/236)和81.25％(26/32).术后并发症和发生率分别为:暂时性脑损伤19.07％(45/236),呼吸功能不全17.80％(42/236),肾功能不全9.32％(22/236),乳糜胸8.47％(20/236). 结论:急性A型主动脉夹层的发病率有明显的性别差异.高血压、长期吸烟和马凡综合征是急性A型主动脉夹层的危险因素,其临床表现多样.手术治疗可以有效降低死亡率,但术后并发症的发生率仍然较高.     

不同类型主动脉夹层的临床特点分析

目的 分析不同类型主动脉夹层患者的临床特点,提高对主动脉夹层的诊治能力。方法 对68例主动脉夹层患者的基线资料、危险因素、临床症状、治疗和预后等情况进行分析。结果 在68例主动脉夹层患者中,有Stanford A型42例（61.76%）,Stanford B型26例（38.24%）。相关危险因素分别是高血压59例（86.76%）、吸烟26例（38.24%）、高血脂23例（33.82%）,Stanford A型与B型之间的危险因素比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。首发症状有胸部、背部或者腹部疼痛的有61例（89.71%）,无明显疼痛的有7例（10.29%）,同时主动脉夹层还可见到伴发急性心肌梗死和肠梗阻等相关受累器官的病变症状。Stanford A型和B型主动脉夹层分别以胸痛和腹痛为主要的首发症状,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 主动脉夹层病死率高而且临床表现多样,首诊医生需要做到早诊断,早治疗,从而改善主动脉夹层患者的预后。     

急性主动脉夹层术前急性肾损伤危险因素分析

背景：探讨急性主动脉夹层术前急性肾损伤的危险因素,为AKI的干预提供科学依据。 方法：回顾性分析北京安贞医院于2009年5月至2013年5月期间AAD患者的临床资料。采用单因素比较和多因素Logistic回归分析统计术前发生AKI的危险因素。 结果：共有254例患者入选,其中Stanford A型夹层178例,B型76例。Stanford A型夹层患者AKI的发病率是23%（41例）,Stanford B型夹层患者发生AKI的发病率是36.8%（26例）。单因素分析显示：Stanford A型夹层AKI的发生与性别(P=0.0042),舒张压（P=0.0328）,心包积液（P=0.0002）,肾动脉累及（P=0.0344）存在相关性;Stanford B型夹层AKI的发生与收缩压（P=0.0357）,肾动脉累及（P=0.0124）存在相关性。多因素Logistic回归分析发现：Stanford A型夹层AKI的独立危险因素包括：男性(OR,5.398;95%CI,1.497-19.468; p=0.01),收缩压(OR,0.961; 95% CI, 0.943-0.980;p<0.001),双侧肾动脉受累 (OR,5.392;95% CI;1.390-20.914;p=0.015) ;Stanford B型夹层AKI的独立危险因素包括：收缩压(OR,1.023;95%CI, 1.003-1.044;p=0.0238),双侧肾动脉受累 (OR,19.076;95% CI;1.914-190.164;p=0.0120)。 结论：男性、舒张压和双侧肾动脉受累是A型主动脉夹层患者急性肾损伤的独立危险因素;收缩压和双侧肾动脉受累是B型主动脉夹层患者急性肾损伤的独立危险因素。     

中青年糖尿病合并高血压病的危险因素分析及随访研究

目的:分析中青年糖尿病合并高血压病的患病率及危险因素,评价心肌梗死、脑卒中(包括脑梗死及脑出血)、肾脏功能不全等靶器官损害。方法:选取5 831例中青年2型糖尿病患者,分析高血压病的患病率、危险因素及靶器官损害。随访5年,记录心肌梗死、脑卒中及死亡等事件的发生,分析糖尿病患者高血压病的累计发病率及危险因素。结果:5 831例中青年糖尿病患者中,3 428例患高血压病,患病率为58.8%。单因素分析结果显示:女性和男性糖尿病患者高血压患病率分别为55.0%和63.5%,小于40岁和40~60岁患者高血压患病率分别为43.3%和59.9%,不吸烟和吸烟患者高血压患病率分别为57.1%和59.8%,正常体重和肥胖患者高血压患病率分别为53.5%和72.1%,三酰甘油(TG)正常组和高TG组患者高血压患病率分别为54.6%和62.8%,胆固醇(CHO)正常组和高CHO组患者高血压患病率分别为57.1%和62.0%,低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)正常组和高LDL-C血症组患者高血压患病率分别为57.6%和65.3%,血尿酸正常组和高尿酸血症组患者高血压患病率分别为58.1%和70.6%,各组差异有统计学意义(均P0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:性别为男性、年龄增加、吸烟、肥胖、TG、TC、LDL-C水平升高均与中青年糖尿病合并高血压病相关。中青年糖尿病正常血压组及高血压组患者脑梗死患病率分别为1.2%和3.1%、脑出血患病率为0.1%和0.5%、肾功能不全患病率为9.6%和19.4%,各组差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01)。随访5年,中青年糖尿病正常血压组患者高血压累计发病率为31.7%;正常血压组和高血压病组患者心肌梗死发生率分别为0.5%和2.6%,脑梗死发生率分别为1.5%和2.8%,脑出血发生率分别为0.2%和0.6%,死亡发生率分别为1.3%和2.0%,各组差异有统计学意义(均P0.01)。结论:男性、年龄增加、吸烟、肥胖、TG、TC、LDL-C水平升高为中青年糖尿病合并高血压病的危险因素。高血压病是中青年糖尿病患者发生脑卒中和肾功能不全等靶器官损害的危险因素。中青年糖尿病合并高血压患者心肌梗死、脑梗死及死亡的发生率明显高于正常血压患者。     

急性A型主动脉夹层孙氏术后低氧血症的相关因素分析

目的:探讨急性A型主动脉夹层孙氏术后低氧血症发生的相关危险因素。方法:回顾性分析首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院,2018年1月至2018年12月,连续收治的209例急性A型主动脉夹层行孙氏手术患者的临床资料。男性172例,女性37例;平均年龄(47.4±10.1)岁;发病到手术时间14 d。根据术后是否发生低氧血症,将209例患者分为低氧血症组[PaO_2/吸入氧浓度(FiO_2)200 mmHg, 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa]和非低氧血症组(PaO_2/FiO_2≥200 mmHg)。分析和比较两组患者的围术期相关资料,采用多因素Logistic回归分析急性主动脉夹层患者术后发生低氧血症的危险因素。结果:术后低氧血症的发生率56.9%(119/209),围术期死亡20例(9.6%,其中低氧血症组13例,非低氧血症组7例)。单因素分析结果:两组患者发病到手术时间(h)、发病到手术时间24 h、术前ALT、Cr、BMI差异有统计学意义(P0.05);低氧血症组呼吸机辅助通气时间、重症监护病房(ICU)滞留时间多于非低氧血症组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素回归分析结果显示:BMI、发病到手术时间24 h是急性A型主动脉夹层孙氏术后低氧血症的危险因素。结论:低氧血症是急性A型主动脉夹层孙氏术后常见的并发症,肥胖、发病到手术时间24 h是急性A型主动脉夹层孙氏术后低氧血症的危险因素,针对性地给予干预措施,以降低低氧血症发生率,从而改善患者的预后。     

老年急性主动脉夹层合并急性肺损伤的临床特征及其影响因素

目的探讨老年急性主动脉夹层合并急性肺损伤的临床特征及危险因素。方法急性主动脉夹层患者300例,依据是否发生急性肺损伤分为非急性肺损伤组和急性肺损伤组。统计记录所有患者一般资料、影像学资料,分析老年急性主动脉夹层合并急性肺损伤患者的临床特征及诱发老年急性主动脉夹层合并急性肺损伤的危险因素。结果临床特征:①起病较急,多伴有急性疼痛,以背痛、胸痛最常见;②CT血管成像主动脉呈"双腔征";③胸部X线片表现为双肺渗出性斑片影;④氧合指数(PaO_2/FiO_2)≤200 mmHg。300例患者中有134例合并急性肺损伤,发生率为44.67%;单因素分析结果显示,两组性别、吸烟史、糖尿病史、高血压史、ST段是否改变、病变是否累及头臂干、腹腔干、左颈总动脉,体重指数(BMI)、年龄、心脏射血分数、凝血酶原时间、血肌酐(Cr)、白蛋白(Ab)水平相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);急性肺损伤组超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞(WBC)计数、D-二聚体、降钙素原(PCT)水平,A型主动脉夹层、合并胸腔积液、病变累及肠系膜上动脉的比例明显高于非急性肺损伤组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。经Logistic多因素分析,hs-CRP、WBC计数、D-二聚体、PCT水平升高,A型主动脉夹层、合并胸腔积液、病变累及肠系膜上动脉的急性主动脉夹层患者合并急性肺损伤的危险增加分别为2.150(1.302～4.110)倍、9.284(3.268～16.014)倍、3.252(1.859～5.703)倍、3.298(2.350～6.309)倍、5.153(2.974～8.928)倍、2.583(1.616～4.129)倍、5.233(2.801～9.774)倍。结论老年急性主动脉夹层患者多伴有急性肺损伤,受多种因素影响,其中hs-CRP、WBC计数、D-二聚体、PCT水平升高,A型主动脉夹层、合并胸腔积液、病变累及肠系膜上动脉是诱发急性肺损伤的危险因素,因此临床需重点关注并予以相应治疗,以控制疾病进展。     

急性A型主动脉夹层患者手术死亡临床风险分析

目的探讨评估急性A型主动脉夹层老年患者手术死亡的风险因素。方法 2010年1月至2015年12月手术治疗的25例急性A型主动脉夹层老年患者,男19例,女6例,平均年龄57岁,根据手术结果分为生存组和死亡组,比较术前、术后各种临床资料。结果 5例(20%)住院期间死亡。单因素分析显示,手术死亡率的术前危险因素是炎症和肾功能不良,手术危险因素是体外循环时间、主动脉夹闭时间和最低肛温。多因素分析显示独立危险因素是术前肾功能不良(OR=1.020,95%CI 0.999~1.041,P=0.045)。结论急性A型主动脉夹层手术死亡率独立危险因素是术前肾功能不全。     

Stanford A型急性主动脉夹层孙氏手术后低氧血症危险因素探讨

目的:探讨Stanford A型急性主动脉夹层孙氏手术(全主动脉弓替换、胸降主动脉支架"象鼻"术)术后低氧血症的危险因素,为临床防治策略的制定提供理论依据.方法:回顾性分析2017年1月到2019年1月,Standord A型急性主动脉夹层76例患者的相关临床资料,将其中45例发生低氧血症的患者分为A组,未发生术后低氧...     

B型急性主动脉夹层院内死亡相关危险因素分析

目的：研究B型急性主动脉夹层(acute aortic dissection,AAD)患者住院期间死亡的相关危险因素。方法：回顾性分析2010年1月至2013年12月收治的188例B型急性主动脉夹层患者的住院病例资料。根据住院期间是否发生死亡,分为死亡组与存活组,对部分相关因素进行分析。结果：188例B型主动脉夹层患者,死亡17例(病死率10%)。两组单因素分析提示低血压、肾功能不全及缺血并发症是住院期间死亡的高危因素,中性粒细胞百分数、D二聚体升高有统计学意义。多因素Logistic分析提示肾功能不全、低血压、中性粒细胞百分数升高为患者院内死亡的独立危险因素,手术为保护因素。结论：伴有低血压、肾功能不全、中性粒细胞百分数升高的B型AAD患者住院期间病死率高,在内科治疗基础上手术治疗有助于降低B型AAD患者的病死率。     

高尿酸血症与老年非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病慢性并发症的关系研究

目的 探讨高尿酸血症与老年非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（2型糖尿病） 的高血压、脂代谢紊乱及胰岛素抵抗、代谢综合征等慢性并发症的关系.方法 将354例2型糖尿病患者分为尿酸升高组（A组）和尿酸正常组（B组）,记录所有患者的体质指数、高血压、冠心病、脑卒中、动脉粥样硬化的发病情况及所有病例空腹血糖（FBS）、总胆固醇（TC）、血尿酸（UA）、血清肌酐（SCr）、三酰甘油（TG） 、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）的检查结果,比较两组之间的差异.结果 A组与B组患者高血压、冠心病、急性脑血管意外患病率均增高,两者有显著性差异.结论 2型糖尿病并高尿酸血症为高血压、冠心病、急性脑血管意外、糖尿病肾病等并发症发生的危险因素之一.     

广州市主动脉夹层临床特征变化趋势十年回顾性分析

目的探讨广州市10年来主动脉夹层的临床特征变化趋势。方法回顾分析广东省心血管病研究所1996年1月—2005年12月10年间连续收治并经影像学检查确诊为主动脉夹层的患者,对每年患者的总数、年龄、性别、夹层类型、治疗方法和疾病预后进行统计和组间的比较分析。结果10年共确诊主动脉夹层339例,发病平均年龄（55．7±11．2）岁,男女之比为4．75：1。243例（71．7％）患者出院诊断合并高血压病,177例（52．2％）患者有明确的大量吸烟史。Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型夹层构成比分别为32．3％、5．1％、62．6％。广州市急性A型主动脉夹层住院病死率35．3％,急性B型主动脉夹层住院病死率8．0％。在两个五年周期中,主动脉夹层病例增加了165％。Ⅰ型夹层增长最快,为270％。平均发病年龄无显著变化。广州市急性主动脉夹层病例1年预后呈现改善趋势,但未达统计学意义。结论主动脉夹层的住院患者在迅速增多,平均发病年龄明显低于国外报道;男性比例高于国外报道。急性主动脉夹层A型住院病死率高于国外报道的数据。在疾病流行的大背景下,急性主动脉夹层1年预后呈现改善趋势。在主动脉夹层的预防与治疗方面亟待更多的关注与探索。     

主动脉夹层患者临床特征的性别差异

目的 探讨主动脉夹层危险因素,临床表现与预后的性别差异. 方法 回顾分析广东省心血管病研究所1997年1月-2006年12月连续收治确诊为主动脉夹层的患者,对不同性别患者合并高血压病与吸烟状况、超声测量室间隔与左室后壁厚度、夹层类型、治疗方法及预后进行统计并比较分析. 结果 共入选合格病例418份,男女之比5.33∶1.男性组与女性组平均年龄分别为(55.1±11.3)岁和(58.0 ±12.1)岁;高血压病患病率分别为71.6%(252/352)和65.2%(43/66).男性组56.5%(199/352)有明确大量吸烟史,女性组只有13.6%(9/66),远低于男性(P=0.00).在户籍广州的急性主动脉病例中,男性患者较倾向于接受外科或主动脉腔内隔绝术(25/78对3/18,x2=1.68,P=0.20),而女性患者住院病死率和一年预后都有优于男性的趋势(2/18对18/78,x2=1.27,P=0.26),但未达统计学差异. 结论 在广东,主动脉夹层的男性患病率约是女性5倍.女性患者有大量吸烟史的比例是本地区一般成年女性吸烟率的3倍余.尽管男性AD患者较倾向接受外科和主动脉腔内隔绝术治疗,但女性患者的短期预后似乎更好.     

主动脉夹层急性期院内死亡相关因素的Logistic回归分析

目的：探讨急性主动脉夹层（AD）住院死亡的相关因素。方法：回顾性分析114例我院2007年8月~2011年8月AD住院患者的临床资料,对部分相关因素进行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果：114例主动脉夹层患者中Stanford A型主动脉夹层72例（63.16%）,StanfordB型主动脉夹层42例（36.84%）,平均年龄（59.41±12.59）岁,男女性别比2.8：1;急性期院内病死率25.44%;多因素Logistic分析显示,吸烟史（OR=11.156,P〈0.001）和入院舒张压偏低（OR=6.146,P=0.013）为主动脉夹层急性期死亡独立的危险因素,知晓患有高血压（OR=0.230,P=0.021）和手术或介入（OR=0.066,P=0.002）为主动脉夹层急性期死亡独立的保护因素。结论：吸烟史和入院舒张压偏低为主动脉夹层急性期死亡独立的危险因素,知晓患有高血压和主动脉弓置换手术或腔内介入隔绝术为独立的主动脉夹层急性期死亡保护因素。     

Risk factors and physical activity levels at the onset of acute myocardial infarction in young men

OBJECTIVES: The pathogenesis and triggering factors of acute myocardial infarction in young men remain unknown. To clarify the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction in young Japanese men, we compared the clinical features of patients with acute myocardial infarction in 2 age groups in Japan. METHODS: There were 37 male patients aged < 40 years (Young group; mean age 36 +/- 4 years, range 23-39 years) among 2,879 patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted to the coronary care unit of the National Cardiovascular Center, Japan, from 1977 through 1996. The clinical features of this group were compared with those of 110 consecutive male patients with acute myocardial infarction aged > or = 65 years (Old group; mean age 72 +/- 6 years, range 65-96 years) admitted in 1993-1994. Demographic features, physical activity levels at or within 2 hours before the onset of acute myocardial infarction, and coronary angiographic findings were analyzed. RESULTS: Compared with the Old group, the Young group had lower incidences of hypertension (p < 0.01) and diabetes mellitus (p < 0.01), a higher incidence of smoking (p < 0.01), higher levels of total cholesterol (p < 0.05) and body mass index (p < 0.05), and a lower level of high-density lipopotein (HDL)-cholesterol (p < 0.01). Also, the Young group had a higher prevalence of 0-1 vessel disease than the Old group (72% vs 35%, p < 0.01). The physical activity level was significantly higher in the Young group than in the Old group (2.6 +/- 2.2 vs 1.8 +/- 1.1 METs, p < 0.01). Furthermore, patients with multivessel disease in the Young group had a higher incidence of hypertension, a higher level of total cholesterol and a lower level of HDL-cholesterol (all p < 0.05), whereas those with 0-1 vessel disease had a higher incidence of heavy smoking (73% vs 50%, p = 0.1) and a tendency to higher physical activity level at the onset (2.7 +/- 2.2 vs 2.4 +/- 2.3, NS). CONCLUSIONS: Young male patients with acute myocardial infarction may be characterized by 2 distinctive patterns: one associated with smoking and a higher physical activity level at the onset of acute myocardial infarction with 0-1 vessel disease and the other with hypertension and hypercholesterolemia with multivessel disease.     

主动脉夹层急性期院内死亡危险因素分析

目的：分析急性主动脉夹层（AD）住院死亡危险因素。方法：回顾性分析140例我院近10年AD住院患者的临床资料。结果：140例AD患者中A型AD63例（45％），B型AD77例（55％），平均年龄（53．2±11．8）岁，男女性别比3．4：1，急性期院内病死率29．3%，A型AD并发胸腔积液、心包积液、低血压（休克）、主动脉瓣返流是AD急性期住院死亡的主要原因，开展腔内隔绝术后B型AD病死率从25．9％下降到8％。结论：A型AD胸腔积液、急性心包积液、低血压（休克）、主动脉瓣返流是导致患者急性期院内死亡的4个独立危险因素，腔内隔绝术是治疗B型AD较为安全和有效的方法。     

Epidemiology and Medication Utilization Pattern of Aortic Dissection in Taiwan: A Population-Based Study

Acute aortic dissection (AD) is a catastrophic condition associated with a high rate of mortality. However, current epidemiological information regarding AD remains sparse. The objective of the present study was to investigate the current epidemiological profile and medication utilization patterns associated with aortic dissection in Taiwan.In this population-based study, we identified cases of AD diagnosed during 2005 to 2012 in the complete Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) Research Database. Patients with AD were identified using the International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) code 441.0, and surgical interventions were defined using NHI procedure codes.A total of 9092 individuals with a mean age of 64.4 ± 15.1 years were identified. The cases were divided into 3 groups: Group A included 2340 patients (25.74%) treated surgically for type A AD; Group B included 1144 patients (12.58%) treated surgically for type B AD, and Group C included 5608 patients (61.68%) with any type of AD treated with medical therapy only. The average annual incidence of AD was 5.6 per 100,000 persons, and the average prevalence was 19.9 per 100,000 persons. Hypertension was the most common risk factor, followed by coronary artery disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Within 1 year of AD diagnosis, 92% of patients were taking antihypertensive medication. Calcium channel blockers were the most frequently prescribed antihypertensive medication for long-term observation in Taiwan.The annual trends revealed statistically significant increases in the numbers and percentages of prevalence, incidence, and mortality. Changes in patients’ drug utilization in patterns were observed after AD diagnosis. Our study provides a local profile that supports further in-depth analyses in AD-affected populations.     

不同性别早发急性冠脉综合征患者危险因素和冠脉造影特点的对比研究

目的探讨早发急性冠脉综合征（ACS）患者的危险因素和冠状动脉病变特点的性别差异。方法将临床确诊为早发ACS的患者123例分为男性组66例（年龄〈55岁）和女性组57例（年龄〈65岁）进行病例对照研究。对两组患者的相关临床资料进行回顾性统计分析,比较二者的冠状动脉病变特点、血脂水平、高血压史、糖尿病史、冠心病家族史、吸烟史和饮酒史等,评价其是否存在差异性。结果在早发ACS患者中,女性组高血压及冠心病家族史阳性率均明显高于男性组,差异有统计学意义（77．19％比38．88％,68．42％1：L33．33％,P〈0．01,P〈0．01）,而男性组吸烟率明显增加（P〈0．01）。糖尿病、高脂血症、既往脑卒中史两组差异无统计学意义。两组冠脉病变均以单支病变为主,两组间病变特征差异无统计学意义。结论在早发ACS患者中,患病危险因素存在性别差异,高血压及早发冠心病家族史是女性患者的主要危险因素,而吸烟是男性患者的主要危险因素。两组冠脉造影病变特点差异无统计学意义。     

Residual risk for acute stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension in primary care: Skaraborg Hypertension and Diabetes Project

AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of acute stroke in subgroups of patients treated for hypertension and type 2 diabetes in primary care. METHODS: Patients with hypertension only (n = 695), type 2 diabetes only (n = 181) or both (n = 240), who consecutively attended an annual control in primary care in Skara, Sweden during 1992-1993, were evaluated for cardiovascular disease risk factors and enrolled in this study. Subjects with neither hypertension nor type 2 diabetes (n = 824) who participated in a population survey in the same community served as controls. Possible events of acute stroke through 2002 were validated using hospital records and death certificates. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up time of 8.4 years, 190 first events of acute stroke, fatal or non-fatal, were ascertained. Risk factor levels were generally higher in all patient categories than in controls. Stroke risk was significantly increased in all male patients: hazard ratio 4.2 (95% CI 2.1-8.4) in patients with both conditions, 3.3 (1.5-7.0) in those with type 2 diabetes alone and 2.8 (1.5-5.3) in those with hypertension alone (adjusted for age, total cholesterol, current smoking, BMI and physical activity). Corresponding findings in women were 2.9 (1.5-5.8) in patients with type 2 diabetes only and 2.4 (1.2-4.7) in those with both conditions. However, in women with hypertension only, a significant risk was seen first when subjects were truncated at 85 years of age. There were too few fatal stroke events for conclusive results on stroke mortality. CONCLUSIONS: A considerable risk of acute stroke remains in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Strategies for stricter multiple risk factor interventions should be implemented in primary care.     

Exogenous insulin use and hypertension in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND: Endogenous hyperinsulinemia, along with insulin resistance, is associated with hypertension. This study investigated the link between exogenous insulin use and hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: Using national health insurance records in Taiwan, data from 87,850 adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were collected cross-sectionally with retrospective recall for onset of events. Data were analyzed to evaluate the strength of association, consistency, dose-response relationship, and temporality between exogenous insulin use and hypertension. RESULTS: There were 5927 insulin users, who were characterized by being 1 year older in age, female preponderance, longer duration of diabetes, slightly lower body mass index, and less smoking but higher prevalence of hypertension with higher blood pressure. After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, duration of diabetes, smoking, and parental hypertension, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval [CI]) for hypertension for patients using insulin for less than 5 years, 5 to 9 years, and 10 years or more were 1.14 (95% CI, 1.06-1.23), 1.35 (95% CI, 1.18-1.54), and 1.46 (95% CI, 1.24-1.74), respectively, compared with nonusers. In insulin users who did not have hypertension at the start of insulin use, the respective odds ratios for those using insulin for 5 to 9 years and 10 years or more were 1.5 (95% CI, 1.25-1.80) and 2.15 (95% CI, 1.72-2.70), respectively, compared with those using insulin for less than 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin users are at higher risk for development of hypertension. These observational data suggest the need for further study of the relationship between exogenous insulin use and hypertension.     

主动脉夹层110例临床分析

目的：探讨主动脉夹层（AD）的易患因素、临床表现、诊疗和预后的影响因素。方法：回顾性分析110例AD患者的临床资料。结果：AD发病率呈上升趋势。79例（71，8％）为DeBakey Ⅲ型夹层；80例（72．7％）合并高血压病；CTA和MRI诊断率均为100％。急性期死亡15例（13．7％），平均在4．5d内。21例（19．1％）行介入支架治疗，术中和术后近期均未发生不良并发症。结论：对疑诊AD者应尽快确诊并合理选择治疗方式，急性期CTA优于MRI，介入支架治疗能明显改善AD患者的生活质量和预后。