榄香烯单药或联合放化疗在脑恶性肿瘤中的效果分析

目的探讨榄香烯单药或联合放化疗对脑恶性肿瘤的临床疗效。方法通过对2011-01-2014-01在我院进行治疗的74例恶性脑肿瘤患者随机分组,其中对照组应用榄香烯治疗,实验组实施榄香烯联合放化疗治疗。比较2组患者治疗效果、1a生存率和不良反应发生率的差异。结果实验组治疗效果和1a生存率同对照组比较明显提高,不良反应发生率显著增加,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论针对脑恶性肿瘤患者采用榄香烯联合放化疗治疗可明显提高治疗效果和生存率,提高患者生存质量,临床值得推广应用。     

榄香烯联合替莫唑胺对胶质瘤细胞株杀伤作用的研究

目的探讨榄香烯(ELE)联合替莫唑胺(TMZ)对人胶质瘤细胞株增殖抑制的影响。方法培养人胶质瘤细胞株U87、U251、U373、T98G、SKMG-4,测定计算榄香烯、替莫唑胺不同浓度单药及固定低浓度榄香烯联合不同浓度替莫唑胺处理后的细胞增殖抑制率。结果榄香烯可抑制胶质瘤细胞增殖,抗肿瘤作用具有剂量依赖性。U87、U251、U373、T98G、SKMG-4细胞株的半抑制浓度(IC50)分别为(31.36±3.17、25.53±2.97、24.01±5.58、19.56±0.18、16.32±0.88)μg/ml。在这些细胞中,替莫唑胺单药的IC50分别是(863.56±91.1、435.46±105.67、632.81±150.97、1 420.12±351.26、772.54±32.1)μg/ml。在固定低浓度榄香烯联合替莫唑胺可分别降低替莫唑胺IC50的64.66%±5.39%、36.77%±3.17%、40.04%±11.75%、48.04%±8.05%、61.03%±3.25%。结论榄香烯具有抗胶质瘤作用,与替莫唑胺联合应用可提高替莫唑胺抗胶质瘤细胞增殖效果。     

榄香烯治疗颅内恶性肿瘤临床研究（附30例报告）

榄香烯治疗颅内恶性肿瘤临床研究（附３０例报告）侯菊生，徐英辉，陈玉仁，孙丕通，刘德焕颅内恶性肿瘤目前尚无理想治疗方法。脑转移癌的中位牛存期约１７～２６周，胶质瘤手术加放疗中位生存期也不过３５周左右（１）。目前常用的化疗药物疗效并不理想。榄香烯（ｅｌｅ...     

瘤苗主动免疫治疗恶性脑瘤实验及临床初步观察(论著摘要)

１材料和方法１．１瘤苗制备（１）榄香烯／丝裂霉素Ｃ瘤苗：将１００μｇ／ｍＬ的榄香烯及５０μｇ／ｍＬ的丝裂霉素Ｃ与等量活瘤细胞悬液（６×１０７／ｍＬ）混匀,培养９０ｍｉｎ,洗涤３次,以０．０１２５ｇ／Ｌ戊二醛固定灭能,调细胞浓度为１×１０７／ｍＬ。（２...     

大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型纹状体内IL-1β和TNF-α动态变化及药物干预

目的观测大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型缺血侧纹状体区内白细胞介素－１β（ＩＬ－１β）和肿瘤细胞坏死因子－α（ＴＮＦ－α）的动态变化，及甲基强的松龙和榄香烯乳对其的影响。方法用线栓法阻塞大脑中动脉，用ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测ＩＬ－１β和ＴＮＦ－α。结果缺血１ｈ再灌注１ｈ后即有ＴＮＦ－α成倍升高，６ｈ达高峰，随后逐渐下降；ＩＬ－１β在再灌注３ｈ升高。缺血后即刻给予３ｍｇ／ｋｇ甲基强的松龙或１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ榄香烯乳可以降低ＴＮＦ－α水平，但不影响ＩＬ－１β水平。结论局灶性脑缺血再灌注后有ＩＬ－１β和ＴＮＦ－α的升高，６ｈ达高峰；３ｍｇ／ｋｇ甲基强的松龙或１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ榄香烯乳可以降低缺血区ＴＮＦ－α水平。     

大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型纹状体内IL—1β和TNF—α动态变 …

目的 观测大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型缺血侧纹状体区内白细胞介素－１β（ＩＬ－１β）和肿瘤细胞坏死因子－α的动态变化，及甲基强的松龙和榄香烯乳对其的影响。方法 用线栓法阻塞大脑中动脉，用ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测ＩＬ－１β和ＴＮＦ－α。结果 缺血１ｈ再灌注１ｈ后即有ＴＮＦ－α成倍升高，６ｈ达高峰，随后逐渐下降，ＩＬ－１β在再灌注３ｈ升高。缺血后即刻给予３ｍｇ／ｋｇ甲基强的松龙或１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ榄香烯乳可以降低Ｔ     

脑磁图在语言功能成像中的应用进展

语言是人脑的重要功能,是自然界进化到人脑这一高度复杂的物质的产物.语言在人类交往、社会发展、个体认知和人格的发展中都有重要的作用.正因为这样,语言成为心理学、人文科学和神经科学研究的共同兴趣所在.随着认知神经科学的兴起,出现了多种脑功能检测手段,这些方法包括脑功能成像的方法[1-2]、事件相关电位[3-5]、脑电图[6-7]、脑磁图[8-10]、经颅磁刺激[11-12]、大脑皮层电刺激[13-14]等.其中,全头型脑磁图作为一种具有极高时间分辨率和较高空间分辨率的研究工具出现后,在语言功能的研究方面取得了一些新的进展.现将脑磁图在语言功能成像中的最新应用进展综述如下.     

白藜芦醇治疗胶质瘤研究进展

神经胶质瘤是颅内最常见的原发性恶性肿瘤,其特点有起病隐匿、发病率高、致死率高、复发率高、治愈率低等。目前脑胶质瘤的主要临床治疗包括手术切除、放射治疗及药物化疗等,但均不能取得满意疗效。近年来,国内外大量研究显示,中药活性成分具有治疗胶质瘤的作用,诸如白藜芦醇、人参皂苷、姜黄素、紫杉醇、榄香烯等,其作用机制牵涉广泛。本文查阅近年关于白藜芦醇抗胶质瘤研究的文献,分析其作用机制与研究进展,对现有研究文献进行总结,旨在为今后科研思路及临床治疗提供新的参考依据。     

高压氧治疗小儿病毒性脑炎的疗效及其对血中神经元特异性烯醇化酶、内皮素水平的影响

近年来,国内有报道[1]高压氧(HBO)治疗小儿病毒性脑炎(病脑)有一定的疗效.但其对小儿病毒性脑炎患儿神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、内皮素(ET)的影响尚未见有报道.为此,我院于2001～2005年采用HB0配合药物治疗69例病脑患儿,同时对部分患儿的血中NSE和ET含量进行检测,现将结果报告如下.     

中枢神经系统周细胞功能障碍参与阿尔茨海默病发病机制的研究进展

中枢神经系统周细胞主要分布于微血管周围,于1873年由Rouget首次发现,因此又称Rouget细胞[1-2].尽管被发现已超过150年,但周细胞的功能、特征、信号通路等方面的研究还远未明确.进入21世纪后,涌现出大量研究认为中枢神经系统周细胞是神经血管单元(Neurovascular Unit, NVU)的重要组成部分,其功能障碍参与包括缺血性脑卒中[3]、肌萎缩侧索硬化[4]、帕金森病[5]、创伤性脑损伤[6]、糖尿病视神经变性[7]、常染色体显性遗传病合并皮质下梗死和白质脑病(Cerebral Autosomal-Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy,CADASIL)[8]等疾病的发生、发展.近年来,随着对于周细胞研究的深入,越来越多的文献支持其与阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer Disease, AD)密切相关.本文即以AD的发病机制为出发点,就近几年来所报道的周细胞功能障碍参与AD的文献综述如下.     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.     

Summary of Legislation of 1933 of interest to the Department of Mental Hygiene

Psychiatric Quarterly -