成人型主动脉缩窄的外科治疗

目的:总结成人型主动脉缩窄的外科治疗经验。方法:自2007年2月至2007年6月,我们采用胸-腹主动脉转流治疗5例成人型主动脉弓缩窄。结果:本组患者无手术死亡及严重并发症。术后上肢血压明显下降,上下肢血压差由术前平均72 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)降至-4 mmHg。未见人工血管并发症。结论:成人型主动脉缩窄手术治疗效果满意;手术方式的选择应根据病变的具体情况和术者经验而定;胸-腹主动脉转流术是一种安全有效的治疗方式。     

婴幼儿主动脉缩窄合并心内复杂畸形的一期手术治疗

目的:探讨婴幼儿主动脉缩窄合并心内复杂畸形一期手术的治疗方法及手术效果.方法:回顾分析2002-11至2008-09收治的婴幼儿主动脉缩窄合并心内复杂畸形一期手术治疗的临床病例.共计18例,其中男12例,女6例.年龄平均(7.7±8.8)个月,体重(6.1±2.4)kg.主动脉缩窄包括合并主动脉弓发育不良5例,单纯主动脉缩窄13例.不合并主动脉弓发育不良者,切除缩窄段,端端吻合降主动脉;合并主动脉弓发育不良者,切除缩窄段,用自体心包或自体肺动脉片加宽主动脉弓.心内复杂畸形的矫治包括完全性大动脉转位大动脉调转术8例,右心室双出口根治术6例,右心室双出口陶西平畸形大动脉调转术3例,完全性心内膜垫缺损矫治术1例.结果:所有患儿出院前超声心动图检查均显示主动脉弓降部缩窄解除,吻合口通畅,血流正常.无中枢神经系统并发症.术后早期上、下肢收缩压基本相等者4例,上肢高于下肢15～20mmHg者8例,上肢低于下肢收缩压5～10mmHg者6例.死亡3例,死亡率16.7%.1例术后当天死于低心排综合征,1例术后9天死于肺部感染,1例术后7天死于突发恶性心律失常.术后另3例出现右侧膈肌麻痹行膈肌折叠术.结论:婴幼儿主动脉缩窄合并心内复杂畸形经胸骨正中切口一期手术治疗,主动脉弓及降主动脉上段显露良好.同期矫治心内复杂畸形手术效果满意.深低温停循环区域性脑灌注可有效降低神经系统并发症的发生.     

升-降主动脉旁路术治疗成人复杂主动脉缩窄

目的：探讨升-降主动脉人工血管旁路术治疗成人复杂主动脉缩窄的手术效果并总结其临床经验。方法：2015年10月和2018年7月,应用升主动脉-降主动脉人工血管转流术治疗成人复杂主动脉缩窄2例,均为男性;年龄分别未22岁和46岁。两例病人均经桡动脉、足背动脉穿刺测压,根据术前、术后,桡动脉、足背动脉平均压差变化评价手术效果。结果：术后均治愈出院。术前桡动脉足背动脉平均压差48mmHg和55mmHg;术后桡动脉足背动脉平均压差6mmHg和9mmHg,较术前明显缩小。术后主动脉CTA复查示转流人工血管通畅。结论：升-降主动脉人工血管旁路术是治疗成人复杂主动脉缩窄的有效手段。     

42例主动脉缩窄的诊断及治疗

目的总结主动脉缩窄的诊断及外科治疗经验。方法对42例主动脉缩窄患者的临床资料作回顾性分析。结果术前证实主动脉缩窄的检查方法分别为主动脉逆行造影13例、CT大血管成像9例、磁共振大血管成像8例、心脏彩超检查12例。治疗采用人工血管补片成形术19例、自体心包补片成形术7例、锁骨下动脉与胸降主动脉旁路移植术5例、左锁骨下动脉与胸降主动脉吻合术3例、胸升—降主动脉旁路移植术2例、缩窄段远近端人工血管旁路移植术4例、缩窄段纵切横缝吻合2例。患者均顺利康复,无严重并发症发生。结论主动脉缩窄的术前诊断需行血管造影、血管成像及心脏超声检查。用个性化手术方案治疗可有效提高本病的治愈率,减少并发症的发生。     

先天性主动脉缩窄合并严重主动脉瓣病变的一次性外科矫治

目的 :探讨先天性主动脉缩窄合并严重主动脉瓣病变的外科治疗方法。方法 :采用升主动脉—腹主动脉人工血管转流术 +主动脉瓣置换术一次性治疗患者 9例 ,其中 4例对手术方法和体外循环技术进行了改进。结果 :术中死于体外循环意外 1例 ;术后部分肠梗阻 1例 ,8例患者痊愈出院。上肢收缩压术后较术前下降〔平均12 2 /78mmHgvs .178/6 5mmHg( 1mmHg =0 133kPa)〕 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,术后上、下肢血压无明显压差。左心室舒张末期内径术后较术前缩小 ( 4 9 40± 6 88mmvs .6 7 33± 17 2 9mm) ,有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :该类患者采用升主动脉—腹主动脉人工血管转流术 ,在常规体外循环下行主动脉瓣置换术即简便又安全有效     

一期升主动脉-降主动脉转流治疗主动脉缩窄合并心脏畸形

目的:主动脉缩窄合并其他心脏病手术的方法仍然存在争议。本研究的目的是评估经胸骨正中切口一期升主动脉-降主动脉转流+心脏畸形矫治术治疗主动脉缩窄合并其他心脏畸形的疗效。方法:选择我院于2009年4月至2017年6月,应用经胸部正中切口行升主动脉-降主动脉心包内转流术,同期行合并心脏畸形矫治手术的患者13例,女性3例,男性10例,平均年龄35岁(19～59岁)。其中3例bentall术,8例主动脉瓣置换,1例二尖瓣置换,1例二尖瓣成形术。结果:随访期间无死亡病例,主动脉阻断时间和体外循环时间分别是(81±33) min、(123±47) min。术后上肢血压明显改善(P0.001),有术前的(159±34) mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)将至术后(122±17) mmHg,截止最后一次随访,患者上下肢血压无明显压差。结论:一期升主动脉-降主动脉转流治疗主动脉缩窄合并心脏畸形远期效果显著,可以作为主动脉缩窄合并其他心脏畸形的患者选择此手术方式。     

介入治疗主动脉缩窄14例临床分析

目的探讨球囊成形术和支架植入术治疗主动脉缩窄的有效性和安全性。方法自2005年4月至2010年2月,共对14例患者(男性8例)实施主动脉缩窄球囊成形术和支架植入术,年龄(17±9)岁。根据患者年龄和主动脉缩窄解剖形态选择介入治疗方式。结果单纯主动脉缩窄9例,合并动脉导管未闭5例;膜状主动脉缩窄12例,管状缩窄2例。所有患者均成功实施介入治疗。年龄小于14岁者4例,跨缩窄段压力阶差为(45±9)mmHg,球囊成形术后2例压力阶差消失,2例存在10mmHg以内压力阶差。主动脉缩窄支架植入术10例,跨缩窄段压力阶差为(51±18)mmHg。8例植入覆膜支架,2例植入非覆膜支架。5例合并动脉导管未闭患者中,4例行覆膜支架植入术,1例同时行动脉导管未闭封堵术和非覆膜支架植入术。术后2例患者存在少量压力阶差。所有患者无重大并发症,随访(31±21)个月,未见再狭窄发生。结论介入方式治疗主动脉缩窄安全、可靠,可以取代外科手术成为首选治疗方式。具体采用何种介入治疗方式,需要根据患者年龄和缩窄段解剖形态确定。     

主动脉缩窄合并瓣膜疾病一期修复手术效果

目的:探讨一期升主动脉-腹主动脉转流术+瓣膜矫治手术对成人主动脉缩窄合并瓣膜病的疗效。方法:回顾分析我中心2015年8月至2019年11月,成人主动脉缩窄合并瓣膜病患者共14例,平均年龄(36.9±15.0)岁,合并主动脉瓣病变12例,单纯主动脉瓣病变9例,同时合并三尖瓣病变1例,二尖瓣病变2例;单纯二尖瓣病变2例;14例患者均行升-腹主动脉转流术,同期主动脉瓣置换术8例,主动脉瓣瓣周漏修补术1例,二尖瓣置换术2例,双瓣置换术1例,主动脉瓣置换+二尖瓣成形术1例,主动脉瓣置换+三尖瓣成形术1例。根据患者手术前后上下肢压差,平均压差,出血量,手术时间,呼吸机使用时间评价手术效果。结果:患者均存活,最大压差下降(43.3±18.7)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),平均血压差下降(24.7±14.4)mmHg,差异有统计学意义;术中出血量(1 568.6±742.9)mL,呼吸机使用时间(17.9±8.8) h,术后1例胰淀粉酶(AMY)升高,1例残留轻度高血压,1例心脏骤停ECMO辅助,余无明显并发症,随访(26.0±13.9)个月,CTA检查显示人工血管均畅通,手术效果满意,患者上下肢压差减小,无明显不适。结论:一期升-腹主动脉转流+瓣膜手术对成人主动脉缩窄合并瓣膜病的患者安全、有效、可行。     

降主动脉病变的外科治疗

常见的降主动脉病变主要包括先天性畸形、动脉瘤、降主动脉损伤及胸腹主动脉型大动脉炎等. 1 先天性降主动脉畸形 1.1 主动脉缩窄系指主动脉局限性狭窄或闭锁,多位于主动脉峡部、左锁骨下动脉以远.缩窄处的主动脉壁是连续的,并依此区别于主动脉弓离断.根据缩窄部位与动脉导管的关系,分为导管前型(婴儿型)和导管后型(成人型).导管前型多于婴儿期死于心衰,所有患者约90%在50岁前死亡.一般认为,缩窄两端血管的压差>20mmHg(1mmHg≈0.133kPa)就有手术适应证;婴儿期心衰若可控制,可将手术年龄放宽至3～4岁,否则应尽早手术,但手术死亡率高;虽无心衰,但上肢血压≥150mmHg,也应尽早手术.手术方式:①左锁骨下动脉片主动脉成形术:适于<10岁患儿紧靠左锁骨下动脉下方的局限性缩窄.采取低温(33℃)麻醉,取左后外侧胸部切口,第4肋间入胸.游离左锁骨下动脉,结扎动脉导管,阻断左锁骨下动脉近端的及缩窄段远端的主动脉,保留足够长度,切断左锁骨下动脉,沿血管轴向连续性剖开左锁骨下动脉保留段及缩窄血管段,去除狭窄的内膜支架,将锁骨下动脉片向下翻转吻合,加宽主动脉缩窄处.②缩窄段切除对端吻合术:适于缩窄段较短者,吻合时可采用间断缝合(小儿)或连续缝合(成人).③人造血管移植术:适合大段降主动脉缩窄.切除缩窄段,行人造血管替代;若缩窄段>30cm,宜保留缩窄段,以端侧吻合方法行人造血管旁路移植术.合并心内畸形者,如有可能应I期纠正.该病婴幼儿手术早期死亡率为2%～10%,主要原因为心衰处理不当;儿童及成人早期死亡率为1%.术后10年生存率为91%,晚期死亡原因主要为持续高血压、脑动脉瘤及主动脉瓣病变等.     

介入治疗主动脉缩窄的临床探讨

目的主动脉缩窄是一种少见的先天性心血管畸形,患者预后不佳,合并其它先天心血管畸形于婴幼儿期即可死亡,单纯主动脉缩窄患者平均自然寿命仅40岁。既往此类患者的唯一治疗方式是外科手术,然而死亡率和并发症发生率均非常高。本报道探讨球囊成形术和支架植入术治疗主动脉缩窄的有效性和安全性。方法自2005年4月至2010年2月,共对14例患者(男8例)实施主动脉缩窄球囊成形术和支架植入术,年龄(17±9)岁。所有患者入院后常规进行心电图、胸部摄片、超声心动图和必要的化验检查。主动脉弓发育不良型缩窄,合并其它必须外科手术矫治的心血管畸形和严重肺动脉高压存在手术禁忌证者除外。根据患者年龄和主动脉缩窄解剖形态选择介入治疗方式。结果单纯主动脉缩窄9例,合并动脉导管未闭5例;膜状主动脉缩窄12例,管状缩窄2例。合并轻度二尖瓣关闭不全,轻度主动脉瓣关闭不全,先天性二叶主动脉瓣并中度主动脉瓣关闭不全各1例。所有患者均成功实施介入治疗。年龄小于14岁者4例,跨缩窄段压力阶差为(45±9)mm Hg,球囊成形术后2例压力阶差消失,2例存在10 mm Hg以内压力阶差。主动脉缩窄支架植入术10例,跨缩窄段压力阶差为(51±18)mm Hg。8例植入覆膜支架,2例植入非覆膜支架。使用支架大小为8zip×(3.8±0.7)cm,球囊外囊直径(19.7±3.9)mm。5例合并动脉导管未闭患者中,4例行覆膜支架植入术,1例主动脉缩窄段高度迂曲,狭窄远心端主动脉显著扩张,动脉导管未闭直径为9.0mm,实施动脉导管未闭封堵术和裸支架植入术。术后2例患者存在少量压力阶差。1例为外科术后主动脉缩窄患者,采用10 atm压力仍无法将支架彻底扩张,跨缩窄段压力阶差由术前50 mm Hg降至15 mm Hg;另1例为同时实施动脉导管未闭封堵术和裸支架植入术患者,术后压力阶差由49 mmHg降至9 mm Hg。所有患者无?     

Reoperation for coarctation of the aorta

Between 1957 and 1980 reoperation for coarctation of the aorta was performed in 21 patients at one institution for an overall incidence rate of 7.9 percent. The incidence rate of reoperation was 38 percent for patients younger than age 3 years and 1.5 percent for patients 3 years or older at initial repair. Before reoperation 14 of the 21 patients were symptomatic, 19 had systolic hypertension of the upper limbs and 20 had a documented coarctation pressure gradient at rest (mean 42.4 mm Hg). Surgical techniques used at reoperation were patch aortoplasty in 12 patients, graft interposition in 4, end to end anastomosis in 3 and end to side left subclavian to descending aorta bypass graft in 2. There was one surgical death. The 20 survivors have been followed up a mean of 4.3 years. There has been significant symptomatic improvement (p < 0.001). Upper limb hypertension has also lessened significantly (p < 0.001) after reoperation;15 patients are no longer hypertensive and 3 have a lesser degree of hypertension. The coarctation pressure gradient at rest has significantly decreased (p < 0.001); 13 patients have no residual gradient and 7 have a mild gradient of 20 mm Hg or less. Graded treadmill exercise testing performed in five patients after reoperation documented upper limb hypertension in four and a marked increase in coarctation gradient with exercise in three.

In conclusion, the incidence of reoperation is significantly increased in patients who are younger than age 3 years at initial coarctation repair. Reoperation is a safe and effective procedure. It has a low mortality rate (4.8 percent), relieves symptoms and decreases hypertension and the coarctation pressure gradient. Patch aortoplasty appears to be the operative procedure of choice. Moderate to severe hemodynamic abnormalities may persist during exercise after reoperation for coarctation of the aorta.     

Pre- and postoperative Doppler ultrasound findings in coarctation of the aorta

A retrospective study was done about 73 patients who had undergone a surgical operation for correction of coarctation of the aorta, between 1975 and 1985. Among these patients, 45 had both pre- and post-operative continuous wave Doppler ultrasound examination of cervical, upper, and lower limbs arteries, with pressure measurement. The age was under 14 years for 18 patients, between 14 and 25 for 10 patients, and more than 25 for the remaining 17 patients. The surgical procedure was resection with end-to-end anastomosis for 27 patients, tube graft insertion for 8 patients, dacron patch for 7 patients, subclavian arterioplasty or shunt for the others. Systolic Pressure Index and femoral Pulsatility Index showed a highly significant increase after operation (P less than 0.001) (tables I, II) regardless of the age or the surgical technique, thus demonstrating a satisfying hemodynamic efficiency of the correction (fig. 1-6) (2-6, 9). Nevertheless, 17 patients had, after operation, a greater than 15 Hg mm pressure gradient between left and right arm: the retrospective study showed that most of them had congenital abnormalities involving the left subclavian artery and/or had undergone a surgical procedure using the left subclavian artery for arterioplasty (10).     

Balloon aortoplasty for recoarctation following the subclavian flap operation

Transluminal balloon aortoplasty was successfully performed 7 times in 5 children between 3 and 14 months of age who had had the subclavian flap operation for coarctation of the aorta in the neonatal period. In two the balloon aortoplasty was performed twice. All recoarctations presented with upper limp hypertension and marked upper to lower limb pressure gradients. The pressure gradient decreased immediately after the procedure from 57.1 ± 13.8 mm Hg to 17.9 ± 15.5 mm Hg, P < 0.001. The diameter of the recoarcted region increased from 2.67 ± 1.0 mm to 3.85 ± 1.23 mm, P < 0.05. There were no complications attributable to the dilatation technique. Intermediate term success was unpredictable from the initial results or the angiographic appearance of the recoarctation. Follow-up has been for an average of 12.7 months (range 2–30 months). Four patients have pressure gradients from upper to lower limbs of 20 mm Hg or less. In one this has been achieved by repeat balloon aortoplasty. Severe restenosis has occurred in one other patient despite repeating the angioplasty. The procedure is safe and although intermediate term success cannot be predicted in all cases, we propose that balloon aortoplasty be the initial treatment of choice for recoarctation of the aorta. The place of repeating the procedure when early restenosis occurs has yet to be defined.     

6kg以下小婴儿主动脉缩窄合并室间隔缺损的外科矫治

目的 :探讨新生儿、小婴儿主动脉缩窄 (CoA)合并室间隔缺损 (VSD)的外科治疗方法。方法 :1998年 12月至 2 0 0 3年 7月共收治 9例 6kg以下CoA合并VSD患儿 ,其中新生儿 3例。一期手术 3例 ,分期手术 3例 ,仅做主动脉缩窄成形术 3例 ,其中 1例加做肺动脉环缩术。 6例采用人造血管补片主动脉成形术 ,3例采用左锁骨下动脉翻转主动脉成形术。结果 :全组患儿无死亡 ,随访 8～ 36个月 ,心功能改善明显 ,超声心动图检查提示无主动脉瘤样扩张或主动脉再狭窄。结论 :大多数患儿均可采用体外循环下一期根治CoA和VSD ,但是对于VSD为限制性及不能耐受体外循环的患儿可采用二期手术。一期手术选择左外侧和正中双切口方法安全有效。     

Surgical management of coarctation of aorta

Between 1961 and 1988, 68 patients underwent operation for coarctation of the aorta. The average age of presentation of these subjects was higher than in other series. 7.1 percent were asymptomatic, a finding which is not seen in reports from the west. Operative procedures included resection and end to end anastomosis, resection and graft interposition, bypass grafting, patch aortoplasty and subclavian flap aortoplasty. However, the technique of patch aortoplasty, routinely performed in the last 24 years of this series seemed by far the most satisfactory procedure. Subclavian flap aortoplasty was carried out in a selected group of younger children. Associated cardiac anomalies influenced the results adversely. The overall operative mortality was 5.8 percent. Hypertension did not regress in 11.7 per cent of patients inspite of a successful operation as judged by the return of peripheral pulses in the lower limbs. Re-coarctation was not seen in this series. The overall results of operation for coarctation of the aorta have been very satisfactory and comparable with those in other published series.     

小儿主动脉缩窄的诊断和治疗（附七例报告）

报告小儿主动脉缩窄７例，占同期心血管病手术０．５％。导管前型４例，均伴有动脉导管未闭（ＰＤＡ），其中１例伴有室间隔缺损（ＶＳＤ）；导管后型３例，伴有ＰＤＡ及ＶＳＤ各１例。５例采用缩窄段切开和人造血管补片主动脉成形术，采用缩窄段切除主动脉端端吻合术及左锁骨下动脉片翻转吻合主动脉成形术各１例，均取得良好疗效。对该病的诊断、手术方法选择和手术并发症及处理进行讨论。     

婴幼儿主动脉缩窄合并心内畸形的Ⅰ期手术纠治

目的:总结主动脉缩窄合并心内畸形的外科治疗经验。方法:回顾分析2007年1月至2011年6月我院收治的婴幼儿主动脉缩窄合并心内畸形Ⅰ期手术治疗的临床病例。共计42例,其中男性26例,女性16例。平均年龄(1.6±0.9)岁(6 d～3岁),平均体质量(7.2±2.5)kg(2.8～12kg)。主动脉缩窄合并心内畸形:37例合并室间隔缺损,5例合并房间隔缺损,7例同时合并主动脉瓣二瓣畸形,手术方法采用双切口I期纠治5例,正中切口I期纠治37例,其中锁骨下动脉翻转法(8例)、人工补片法(6例)、端端吻合法(15例)、端端吻合+补片法(13例)。结果:本组42例中,死亡1例,术后9 d死于肺部感染,病死率2.4%。术后均复查心脏彩超显示降主动脉血流通畅,无明显狭窄,3例提示降主动脉内仍存在20～40 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)压差,心脏彩超示吻合口处狭窄,血流速度增快。结论:婴幼儿主动脉缩窄合并心内畸形采用深低温选择性脑灌注方法经胸骨正中切口I期手术治疗可以达到满意疗效。彻底切除缩窄段及导管组织是手术成功的关键。     

主动脉弓阻塞合并心脏畸形18例的一期矫治

目的总结一期矫治主动脉弓阻塞合并心脏畸形的诊治经验。方法2005年1月至2006年6月一期矫治18例主动脉弓阻塞合并心脏畸形。其中主动脉弓中断(IAA)6例,主动脉缩窄(COA)12例。手术均为正中开胸低温体外循环下一期畸形矫治术。结果手术采用降主动脉与主动脉弓端端吻合11例,端侧吻合6例,Gore-Tex片加宽弓成形1例。围术期死亡1例,总死亡率5.56%。喉返神经损伤2例,术后左主支气管受压1例。随访1～11个月,1例上下肢压差25mmHg,6例压差小于20mmHg,7例端侧吻合无压差。存活者无症状,生长发育良好。结论正中开胸一期矫治COA及IAA合并心脏畸形可获得满意的近期疗效。手术成功的关键是充分游离降主动脉,尽可能行端侧吻合术。     

Subclavian flap aortoplasty for treatment of coarctation of the aorta in infants less than 3 months of age

Over a period of 3 years, 21 infants under 3 months of age were operated upon for coarctation of the aorta by subclavian flap aortoplasty. Associated intracardiac defects were present in 13 patients (62%), VSD being the most frequently encountered (10 patients, 48%). In 8 patients coarctation of the aorta, with or without patent ductus arteriosus, was the only cardiovascular malformation. The indication for surgical treatment was intractable congestive heart failure despite intensive medical treatment. Eight patients were on mechanical ventilatory support prior to surgery. There was no early operative mortality. One patient died in congestive heart failure due to valvular aortic stenosis 3 months after surgery for correction of the coarctation. During a follow-up of from 2 months to 3 years, 5 patients underwent a second operation for correction of intracardiac defects. Nineteen of the surviving 20 patients are in good clinical condition. One patient has clinical evidence of residual coarctation; a blood pressure difference of more than 10 mmHg between right arm and leg is presented in 4 patients. Early subclavian flap aortoplasty is recommended for patients with coarctation of the aorta, with or without associated intracardiac defects, who remain in congestive heart failure despite medical therapy.     

Repair of aortic coarctation in adults: the fate of hypertension

The benefit of coarctation repair on the resolution of systolic hypertension in adults has been questioned. In this retrospective study, hypertension was assessed in 38 adults (22 men, 16 women; mean age, 25.6 +/- 6.9 years; range, 16-39 years) who underwent coarctation repair between 1996 and 2006. Thirty patients had preoperative hypertension (mean systolic pressure, 158.3+/-18.6; range 140-200 mm Hg). At preoperative catheterization, the peak mean systolic gradient across the coarctation was 70.6 +/- 21.2 mm Hg (range, 38-120 mm Hg). Operative procedures were resection and end-to-end anastomosis (11 patients), patch aortoplasty (24) and resection with interposition of a Dacron tube graft (3). The patients were followed up for 2-90 months (mean, 37 +/- 23 months). Of the 30 patients with preoperative hypertension, 25 (83%) were normotensive at the last follow-up. The mean postoperative systolic blood pressure was significantly lower than the preoperative level. More than half of the patients (58%) were still taking antihypertensive medication. Surgical repair of coarctation of the aorta in adults can lead to regression of systolic hypertension and a decreased requirement for antihypertensive medication.