全髋关节置换治疗髋关节发育不良伴骨性关节炎

目的探讨不同分度的髋关节发育不良伴骨性关节炎患者进行关节置换的处理方法。方法对32例成人髋关节发育不良伴骨性关节炎患者(35髋)进行全髋关节置换。结果患者均获随访,时间7个月~5年。Harris评分从术前25~60分提高到75~98分。末次随访时髋关节功能:优25髋,良8髋,可2髋,优良率为94%。X线示无假体松动迹象。结论全髋关节置换是治疗髋关节发育不良伴骨性关节炎的良好方法,可以解决关节疼痛,恢复关节功能。     

Epidemiology and risk factors for perioperative mortality after total hip and knee arthroplasty

The perioperative mortality of total knee and hip arthroplasties (TKA, THA) remains a major concern among health care providers and their patients. The increase in utilization of TKA and THA makes it imperative to be aware of factors that are associated with this unfortunate event. Therefore we analyzed the Nationwide Inpatient Sample data from 1998 to 2008 and compared admissions with perioperative mortality to those that survived their hospitalization. An estimated total of 4,438,213 TKA and 2,182,121 THA procedures were performed in the United States between 1998 and 2008. The average mortality rate for TKA was 0.13% and 0.18% for THA, or 0.34 and 0.44 events per 1,000 inpatient days, respectively. Independent risk factors for in‐hospital mortality were advanced age, male gender, ethnic minority background, emergency admission as well as a number of comorbidities and complications. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the timing of death occurred earlier after TKA when compared to THA, with 50% of fatalities occurring by day 4 versus day 6 of the hospitalization, respectively. This study provides nationally representative information on risk factors for and timing of perioperative mortality after TKA and THA. Our data can be used to assess the risk for perioperative mortality and to develop targeted intervention to decrease such risk. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1811–1821, 2012     

Relative importance of gait vs. joint positioning on hip contact forces after total hip replacement

Implant loosening is a common indication for total hip replacement (THR) revision. High contact forces and implant twisting moments are thought to be associated with implant loosening. Relationships between joint positioning and hip forces, or outcomes, have been investigated through in vivo and in vitro modalities. Relationships between hip forces and gait are less understood, despite repeated findings that gait following a THR does not fully return to normal. We tested the hypothesis that gait parameters would be better predictors of implant force (peak contact forces and peak twisting moment during walking) than joint positioning parameters. Subjects underwent gait analysis, hip force modeling, and measurement of clinical radiographs 1 year after successful THR surgery. Gait parameters were consistently more influential in determining hip forces. Alone, gait explained as much as 67% of the variation in force, compared to a maximum of 33% by joint geometry. Combinations of gait and joint positioning parameters together explained up to 86% of the variation in hip force parameters. Results suggest that gait may provide a valuable postoperatively modifiable target to improve hip loads and potentially reduce the risk for implant loosening. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:1576–1582, 2009     

Associations of radiographic degeneration and pain with daily cumulative hip loading in patients with secondary hip osteoarthritis

The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations of radiographic and clinical variables of hip osteoarthritis (OA) with alterations in gait and joint loading in patients with secondary hip OA. Fifty females with secondary hip OA were participated. The minimum joint space width (mJSW) of the hip as a degenerative sign and Sharp and center edge (CE) angles as morphological variables were measured radiographically. Hip joint pain was assessed using a visual analog scale. As gait variables, walking speed, range of hip motion, hip moment peak, and hip moment impulse were calculated. Daily cumulative hip loading was calculated as the hip moment impulse multiplied by the mean number of steps per day. After bivariate correlation analyses between dependent (mJSW and pain) and independent variables (age, body mass index, sharp/CE angles, steps per day, and gait variables), separate forward‐backward stepwise multiple regression analyses were performed for each dependent variable. Daily cumulative hip loading in the sagittal plane (β = 0.30, p = 0.021) and age (β = ?0.36, p = 0.007) were significantly associated with the mJSW. Walking speed (β = ?0.36, p = 0.008) and age (β = 0.29, p = 0.031) were significantly associated with hip joint pain. Decrease in daily cumulative hip loading in the sagittal plane was associated with mJSW independently of age. Although the causal relationship was not clear, patients with hip OA reduced total exposure to hip joint loading adaptively rather than lowering the hip moment peak concerning worsening of hip degeneration. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1977–1983, 2016.

     

Changes in the total knee joint moment in patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis over 5 years

Progression of medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (OA) has been associated with repetitive mechanical loading during walking, often characterized by the peak knee adduction (KAM) and knee flexion moments (KFM). However, the relative contributions of these components to the knee total joint moment (TJM) can change as the disease progresses since KAM and KFM are influenced by different factors that change over time. This study tested the hypothesis that the relative contributions of KAM, KFM, and the rotational moment (KRM) to the TJM change over time in subjects with medial compartment knee OA. Patients with medial compartment knee OA (n = 19) were tested walking at their self‐selected speed at baseline and a 5‐year follow‐up. For each frame during stance, the TJM was calculated using the KAM, KFM, and KRM. The peaks of the TJM and the relative contributions of the moment components at the time of the peaks of the TJM were tested for changes between baseline and follow‐up. The percent contribution of KFM to the first peak of the TJM (TJM1) significantly decreased (p < 0.001) and the percent contribution of KAM to TJM1 significantly increased (p < 0.001), while the magnitude of the TJM1 did not significantly change over the 5‐year follow‐up. These gait changes with disease progression appear to maintain a constant TJM1, but the transition from a KFM to a KAM dominance appears to reflect gait changes associated with progressing OA and pain. Thus, the TJM and its component analysis captures a comprehensive metric for total loading on the knee over time. Published 2018. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. 36:2373–2379, 2018.

     

Gait analysis of patients with resurfacing hip arthroplasty compared with hip osteoarthritis and standard total hip arthroplasty

Patients with standard total hip arthroplasties may have reduced hip abduction and extension moments when compared with normal nonosteoarthritic hips. In comparison, patients after resurfacing total hip arthroplasty appear to have a near-normal gait. The authors evaluated temporal-spatial parameters, hip kinematics, and kinetics in hip resurfacing patients compared with patients with unilateral osteoarthritic hips and unilateral standard total hip arthroplasties. Patients with resurfacing walked faster (average 1.26 m/s) and were comparable with normals. There were no significant differences in hip abductor and extensor moments of patients with resurfacing compared with patients in the standard hip arthroplasty group. This study showed more normal hip kinematics and functionality in resurfacing hip arthroplasty, which may be due to the large femoral head.     

全髋关节置换术髋臼旋转中心的回顾性研究

[目的]通过手术前后对髋臼旋转中心的X线测量，探讨髋臼旋转中心的变化对髋关节平衡稳定性的影响。[方法]追溯调查近年本院收治120例155髋，均为首次行全髋关节置换术患者，对比术前术后双髋关节正位X线片，比较术后髋臼假体的旋转中心（HJC1）与解剖髋臼旋转中心（HJC0）的符合率。[结果]旋转中心恢复者98髋（63．23％）（A组），未恢复者57髋（36．77％）（B组）；A、B两组中因人工髋关节松动、脱位、髋部痛等行髋关节假体翻修术分别为6髋（6．12％）、17髋（29．82％）。[结论]髋臼旋转中心的恢复对人工髋关节置换术后的关节稳定性有直接影响。     

Standardized incidence rates of total hip replacement for primary hip osteoarthritis in the 5 Nordic countries: similarities and differences

Background?The national hip registers of the Nordic countries provide an opportunity to compare age- and sex-standardized annual incidence of primary total hip replacement (THR) and types of implants used for primary hip osteoarthritis (OA) in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden.

Methods?The data on THR were from the national total hip replacement registries, and population data were from the national statistics agencies. Annual incidence density per 100,000 was calculated for each 5-year age group and it was age-standardized using the WHO European standard population.

Results?Crude country-specific annual incidence (all ages) for 1996–2000 varied between 73 and 90. WHO age-standardized annual incidence (all ages) varied between 61 (Finland) and 84 (Iceland). For the ages 50–89, comprising 94–98% of all THRs for OA, annual incidence varied between 217 (Finland) and 309 (Iceland). For Norway, the sex incidence ratio (women/men) was 2, and for the other countries it was between 1.1 and 1.3. The use of uncemented and hybrid replacements was considerably higher in Finland and Denmark than in the other countries.

Interpretation?We found overall similarity in THR incidence between the 5 Nordic countries, but substantial differences between women and men, and in the use of different types of implant. Population-based, age-standardized and disease-specific information on THR incidence is required in order to properly explore the causes of differences in provision and practice of THR in different countries, regions and groups, and it will aid in projecting future needs.     

Lower functioning patients demonstrate atypical hip joint loading before and following total hip arthroplasty for osteoarthritis

Previous studies have established that up to 1 year post total hip arthroplasty (THA), patients do not recover normal function and the magnitude of hip joint loading remains reduced compared to healthy individuals. However, the temporal nature of the loading profile has not been considered to identify individuals who are at a greater risk of poor functional outcomes following THA. This study aimed to determine changes to the profile and magnitude of the resultant hip joint reaction force before and up to 6 months post-primary THA, and factors associated with atypical loading profiles. Hip joint loading was computed using a personalized lower-limb musculoskeletal model in 43 participants awaiting primary THA for osteoarthritis (mean age: SD = 65, 14 years; body mass index: SD = 30, 5 kg/m²) before and up to 6 months after THA. Atypical, single-peak loading profiles were observed for 11 patients before surgery, where four showed a single peak at 6 months. Patients displaying a single-peak profile walked slower (mean difference: −0.4 m/s) compared to individuals displaying double-peak profile (P = <.001) and had significantly reduced sagittal plane hip range of motion during gait (mean difference −9.6°, P = <.001). Self-reported pain, function, and stiffness did not differentiate between patients with a single or double-peak loading profile. Individuals with a single-peak force profile did not meet the minimal clinically important hip range of motion during gait and would be classified as low-functioning THA patients. Clinical Relevance: The temporal nature of the force profile may help to identify individuals who are at the greatest risk of poor functional outcomes after THA.     

股骨偏心距和髋臼旋转中心对人工全髋置换术后关节功能影响的回顾性研究

[目的]通过股骨偏心距及髋臼旋转中心手术后测量,探讨其变化对人工全髋置换术后关节功能的影响。[方法]临床随访本院人工全髋置换术后患者87例(92髋),均为首次行全髋关节置换术患者,平均随访时间2年1个月,测量手术后双髋关节X线片,比较术后假体股骨偏心距、旋转中心与解剖股骨偏心距、旋转中心符合率,对患者术后髋关节功能进行Harris评分并分组进行统计学分析。[结果]股骨偏心距及髋臼旋转中心均恢复(A组)27例(29.35%),(B组)仅FO恢复23例(25.00%),(C组)仅HJC恢复31例(33.70%),(D组)FO及HJC均未恢复11例(11.96%),Harris评分优良率A组96.30%,B组为73.19%,C组为74.19%,D组为27.27%,Harris评分优良率A组与B组(P=0.039),A组与C组(P=0.029),A组与D组(P=0.000)差异均有统计学意义。[结论]股骨偏心距及旋转中心的恢复对人工全髋置换术后关节功能有直接影响。     

全髋关节置换术后的隐性失血分析

[目的]分析全髋关节置换术后患者的隐性失血情况.[方法]对本院2005年1月～2008年12月间1 232例因股骨颈骨折、髋关节骨关节炎、股骨头缺血性坏死、发育性髋关节发育不良和股骨颈骨折术后骨不连行全髋关节置换术患者围手术期出血及输血情况进行统计,并根据Sehat方法计算隐性失血量.[结果]全髋关节置换术后平均隐性失血量为1 050ml,约占总失血量的60%.股骨颈骨折患者的隐性出血量要明显低于其他患者.[结论]全髋关节置换术患者的隐性失血量明显高于我们观察到的,而在手术当中保留和修复关节囊可以明显减少隐性出血量.     

髋臼中心化的全髋关节置换术治疗髋关节发育不良型骨关节炎

目的 探讨髋臼中心化的全髋关节置换术（THA）治疗髋关节发育不良型骨关节炎的疗效.方法 62例髋关节发育不良型骨关节炎患者（68髋）行THA手术,按时间段分为两组.A组：2006年12月前的24髋按Harris常规方法处理;B组：2007年1月后的44髋采用以卵圆窝为向导的下移加深、后上挤压植骨和钉状臼嵌合的髋臼中心化手术技术处理.手术前后测量下肢短缩,进行Harris髋关节评分,用Pagnano法测量旋转中心与实际旋转中心的垂直（Y轴）和水平（X轴）距离,统计两组术中出血量和手术时间.结果 62例均获随访,时间6-24个月.下肢短缩和Harris评分：术前两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,术后B组优于A组（P〈0.05）.术中出血量B组较A组多（P〈0.05）,手术时间两组差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.X、Y轴上变化：术前两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,术后B组更接近真实的旋转中心,与A组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论 髋臼中心化的THA治疗髋关节发育不良型骨关节炎能更好地纠正旋转中心、下肢短缩,改善髋关节功能,可获得满意的临床疗效.     

Gait symmetry: a comparison of hip resurfacing and jumbo head total hip arthroplasty patients

Proponents of large femoral head total hip arthroplasty (THA) and hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) have touted the potential for restoration of more normal hip kinematics. This study examined 20 patients (10 THA and 10 HRA patients) approximately 18 months after surgery. Subjects were evaluated at a self-selected pace, while bilateral spatial-temporal gait variables, hip flexion/extension kinematics, and ground reaction forces were collected. For both groups, swing time was increased on the surgical side, whereas peak hip flexion, peak extension, and flexion at heel strike were decreased. Peak hip extension and peak vertical ground reaction forces were decreased in THA subjects compared with HRA subjects. After a large-diameter THA or HRA, subjects do not display symmetric gait approximately 18 months postoperatively. Total hip arthroplasty subjects demonstrated restricted hip extension and reduced limb loading when compared with HRA subjects.     

全髋置换术治疗晚期髋关节骨关节炎

目的 探讨全髋置换术(THA)治疗晚期髋关节骨关节炎的疗效.方法 对46例(65髋) 晚期髋关节骨关节炎患者行全髋置换术.采用Harris髋评分系统评估临床疗效, X线观察评估股骨侧假体的移位与稳定性.结果 46例均获得随访, 时间1年2个月～5年.术后Harris评分平均为(88±4.0)分,优46髋,良8髋,一般9髋,差2髋,优良率为85%.1例发生移位,经药物治疗后好转.结论 全髋置换术是治疗晚期髋关节骨关节炎的有效方法.     

髋关节骨性关节炎患者经髋关节置换术后发生股骨假体冠状面角度误差的原因分析

目的：分析髋关节骨性关节炎患者经全髋关节置换术（THA）后发生股骨假体冠状面角度误差的原因。方法：收集2017年3月—2022年2月于我院诊疗的髋关节骨性关节炎且行THA治疗的122例患者为研究对象。在PACS系统上通过Image-Pro Plus软件测量患者术前和术后的股骨假体外翻角（FPVA）、股骨侧弯角、股骨机械轴外侧角、股骨颈干角、股骨颈长度。依据术后6个月全长片冠状面FPVA分为2组：当FPVA>3°或<-3°时,纳入力线不良组（89例）,余33例纳入力线良好组。比较两组患者的一般临床资料及影像学参数。使用多元Logistic回归分析冠状面上预测假体角度误差的影响因素。构建Nomogram预测模型,并对模型进行验证。使用Spearman相关分析FPVA与其他因素间的相关性。结果：股骨机械轴外侧角、股骨颈干角、股骨颈长度和股骨侧弯角均是骨关节炎患者经THA术后发生假体角度误差的影响因素（P <0.05）。冠状面上构建的预测假体角度误差的Nomogram模型的区分度和内部验证结果均较好。FPVA与股骨侧弯角（r=-0.381,P <0.001）、股骨机械轴...     

全髋关节置换术后脱位的原因分析及处理

[目的]探讨全髋关节置换术后发生脱位的原因、处理及预防方法.[方法]自1996～2004年在本院行全髋关节置换患者共850例,发生置换术后脱位7例,其中男4例,女3例;平均年龄67岁;通过对术前病史、手术入路、术后脱位的时间以及发生脱位的方向进行回顾性研究以探讨脱位的原因、处理以及如何预防.[结果]本组发生全髋关节置换术后脱位7例,其中5例(5/7)为初次全髋关节置换术后脱位,2例(2/7)为翻修手术后脱位;4例(4/7)有既往髋部手术史;1例有脑部手术后精神异常,不配合治疗;脱位方向均为前脱位;所有患者均采用正外侧入路即改良Hardinge入路.髋臼假体外展角2例(2/7)大于55°.发生脱位时间自术后当天至术后27个月,其中5例发生于术后3个月以内.所有7例患者在脱位后均首先给以麻醉下闭合复位、下肢皮牵引6周治疗,其中6例患者获得稳定并未再复发性脱位;1例患者在复位后3个月内又连续2次脱位,并在复位过程中发生髋臼松动,给以手术翻修髋臼调整外展角后获得稳定.[结论]导致全髋关节置换术后脱位的危险因素主要包括髋部手术史、术后患者不能严格按照医嘱进行康复训练、手术人路以及假体位置不良等.对于大多数脱位患者而言,闭合复位以及皮牵引6周是有效的治疗方法,对于复发性脱位的患者在分析脱位原因后可通过翻修手术获得髋关节的稳定.     

同期双侧与单侧全膝关节置换治疗膝骨关节炎的比较

[目的]比较同期双侧与单侧全膝关节置换术的安全性及临床疗效.[方法]回顾性分析2000年5月～2009年5月,因骨关节炎行硬膜外麻醉下初次全膝关节置换术患者705例,按同期双侧置换(268例)和单侧置换(437例)分为两组,比较两组患者的围手术期并发症、术后失血量、输血量、住院时间、费用与KSS临床及功能评分等各项指标.[结果]存在围手术期并发症的患者比例,双侧组(15.6％)高于单侧组(7.8％),其中心血管系统并发症发生率双侧组(7.3％)高于单侧组(3.2％).感染、死亡、肺栓塞等围手术期并发症发生率,两组之间差异无统计学意义.术后失血量及输血量双侧组高于单侧组.术后2年KSS临床评分两组间差异无统计学意义,KSS功能评分,双侧组高于单侧组,差异有统计学意义.[结论]对于双侧膝骨关节炎的患者,在硬膜外麻醉下行同期双侧全膝关节置换术经济、高效,且有理想的手术疗效.术前应对患者做全面健康评估,对存在严重合并症,尤其是心血管系统疾病患者,应尽量避免行同期双侧全膝关节置换术.     

Hip instability after total hip replacement

The number of THA procedures performed each year continues to increase exponentially. With the increase in procedures comes the increase in the number of complications. Instability after THA continues to be reported in the 3–4% range by many authors; so, as the number of procedures increases so will the number of instability occurrences. Knowing the risk factors and an algorithm to treat these patients is paramount to assure the best and most cost-effective means of treatment. An algorithmic approach on how to approach the first-time dislocation to the patient who has recurrent episodes is presented as well as the stepwise approach in diagnosing and approaching the confounding variables that may be at hand behind the cause of the unstable THA patient.